••• • - -
An fuTeriigatio® of tb* work of tbo
torapikc raiders in Kentucky shoos
that 1500 miles owned by corporations
hare practical) j been confiscated and
at* being traveled free of toil. It is
estimated that the destruction of
•eUgatee in the Bine Orem region has
sleeted #£,000,000 worth of property.
The Madrid newspapers say that
Spain la well able to punish the
United States for “any interfer
ence.” The Done evidently aspect to
gat things like MUe for their money,
comment* the Mew York San. It is
impossible to imagine that the editors
are foolUh enough to believe the
pngneelans statements they print in
their sharia
“Shads of Sir Walter Boott!” ex
skims the London Chronicle, ‘-Olnny
Xaepherson. of Clnny, as ohief of the
CBaa Chat 1 an, presided at the inau
gnral gathering of the elan in Glasgow
recently, bat apologised for not ap
peering in the kilt, as he was afraid
es catching soldi Be concluded his
address by stating that whenever they
vented him lo load them he should be
SMWt happy, so long, we assume, as the
vaathar is floe and warm.”
Emigration to America has created
»eh a soaroity of farm hands in Gar*
■any that land owners are now in*
parting Chinese oooUse in hordes for
Isld work in Silesia, Bast Prussia,
Ibsen and Poaeraai* says the Obi*
sago News. The coolies work for
twaatyr cents » day, and the land own*
cream enthusiastic, with the remit
Oat many Germans who have hitherto
triaaed to emigrate are being foroed
te do ao through lack of work. When
tea Chinese coolie has extended his
grasp a little the Chine*# problem of
Germany will ho the same as ours.
Ison suds in Alabama la steadily
poshing its way into the markets of
the old world, the latest order being
1000 tone for shipment to India, notes
the Maw York Mail and Express.
Liverpool, Rotterdam and Genoa have
abrefdy made liberal purchase* of the
farnaoe product of the Booth, and
then ib likely to be a still farther da*
mead for it in those aad other Euro
pean oities. The unexampled cheap
ness of production in Alabama and
Tennessee is gradually bat sorely rev
olutionizing the manufacture of the
sbeaper grades of pig iron in this coun
try, aad the movement in that direc
tion is bound to i<e greatly accelerated
by the rapid development of tbo for
eign demand for onr furnace output
Physicians and scientists agree that
hat or freak bread is maeh more indi
gestible than old bread, declares the
American Farmer. In Germany there
is a law that no bread must be sold be
fore it is a day old. The Americana
are credited with making the worst
bread in all the world, anyway, and,
beside*, they consume an inordinate
{■entity of hot bn ad, aad on tbo
bread question generally, seem to ho
below the average in* civilisation. The
American bread la soggy and heavy,
and has too Httto crust to bo truly
hygienic, and, furthermore, the fine
white floor has lost much of its nutri
tive mine. All that goes to make
teeth aad bona aad to build np a fins
•ervons system is bolted from the
Massachusetts has, according to de
taOs of tbs esatos of 1893, just made
public, 547,885 families, of 2,500,183
an average of 5.47 to the
isarily. This large average ie largely
due to the fact that all oeonpaate of a
hotel, o charitable institution, a penal
hmtitntsoo, or other buildings of that
sftrfi, are considered aaof one family
with the proprietor or sapermtendent,
as the ease may be, counted, ao the
hand of the family. The normal stse
el a family, in’ its eommonly accepted
seaas, is a fraction over t). The
largest average sine of the families la
in Suffolk County, where It reaches
A97, and the lowest in Nantockst,
when if falls to 8.07. In the eitiss of
fts Mate tbo avenge number of rooms
to the fsasily is 0.02, sad in the sowoa
Lflff Tbs total umber of bniMiogs
peney la 428,494, containing 3,698,985
WOOBUL g noh p#f#Ofl in (in 9fte
would have an avsraga of 89.550
»guars feet of the superficial aw Os
theStetoio move shout in if the
iiropvf*r^ f * nt up aad distributed
CENTENNIAL FAJH
TBMMRSaKR WIIA HOLD A Blti
WORLD'S KXrosiTION.
To Open »t Nashville on May 1, 1307
—3l»ny Great Nations to Par*
tlclpale—Bullolans and
ouhanfia.
Y“T""Y ENNE9SKR will hold a world’s
I fair at Nashville, begiuning
May 1, 1897, and cuntinuin*
qT six months. The occasion
k tbe 106 th anniversary of tho
admi sion of the State into tbe Union.
While, of course, it a not to be
expected that the exposition will be ss
great an affair as tbe Worlu’s Colum
bian Exposition which was held in
Chicago, tbe plans now in tbe way of
fulfillment indicate that tbs exposition
will be as great as most of tLoee held
by foreign Nations. It will be as large
as tbe Antwerp exposition and larger
than a good many others which are
welt known in the history of exposi
tions.
Since tbe world’s fair,says tbs Chicago
Times-Herald, there has each year been
an exposition in tbo United State*.
Tbe first was tbe California Midwinter
Exposition, which was held in Ban
Francisco a few months after the
clomogof tbe bigexpontion at Chicago.
This proved snceeuafot and led to an
exposition at Ulanta, the International
Cotton States Exposition, which was
successful in torn.
Shortly after tbe let of June, 189 i,
a company was organised to hold the
Tennessee exposition. A charter was
secured under the laws of the etete
aad tbe stock wav placed at $1,000,000.
The first money paid on tho stock
subscriptions was in the spring of
1894, and the balance of the year was
spent in arranging for lands. This
was a alow task, aud in tbs spring of
ff _
ms. van Luca naoLur. ittroir. w.tmoims.
(P.wfMsat \Vi»wW- B ware,) (FtaMet at *Vir.)
11*95 tbe available capital raaehed only
$200,000, but since that time the
balanoe of tbe money necessary has
been scented.
Meanwhile it was decided to postpone
tbe centennial, much as the world’s
fair wav postponed and for tha same
reason. Tbe world’s fair was to bate
been bold m 1892, but it waa found
impossible to finish it in time, and so
it was postponed until 1898. So with
tha Tennessee centennial. Tennessee
waa admitted as a State on Jana 1,
1706, bat it was found impossible to
finish the work in time to open the
expoeition on Jane 1,1898. Following
the precedent set by the world’s fair
at Chicago, the ground were dedicated
on tbe anniversary and tbe exposition
itself postponed one year.
Elaborate ceremonies were beldjon
that date at Nashville, which attracted
eminent men from all parte of tbe
United States. The glories of the
State in history and tbe deeds of its
great men were recited, due regard
being paid to the memory of John
Sevier, the founder or the State, and
Andrew Jackson, its favorite hero.
In July, 1895, the Centennial Expo
sition Company leased and improved
apiece of property of 2UO acres lying
in tha western suburb of Nashville,
which bas for years been the fsmous
race course known as Wsst Side Park.
Tbe grading of the gTonnds for the
exposition buildings was tliea began.
This was a difficult task. Tbs entire
COMMERCE BUILDING OX THX EXPOSITION OKOPSD3 AT KABHTXLLE, TENW
eontonr of tho gronnd had to be al
tered, only o few trees being allowed
to remain as they were. Two artificial
takes were created, one of twenty-five
acres and a smaller body of water of
-two acres. In tha centra of tho ploo
a high ternes waa built to represent
tha Acropolis at Athens, npoo whioh
the representation of tho Athenian
Parthenon waa to bo built.
Tbo firat bnilding erected waa the
Administration Building, which was
eoaapltted in tha fall of 1805. Boro
tho officers of tho exposition, tbo di
rector of works, tbo architects and
Urir assistants have had tbeir offices.
Contrasts were let on January 1,1896.
fur tha Parthenon, tho Gommero#
Building, tbe Anditorinm, tho Machin
ery Building, tho Transportation
Building and the Woman’s Building.
Their constraetlon began at one* and
these now andar roof and damned, ex
oept in some esses tha statuary, are
the Parthenon, for the fine arte} tha
Commeree Building, 560 by 315 feet;
tbe Minerals aad Forestry Building,
406 bt 125 feet; tha Transportation
Building, 4011 by 12.) feat;- the Agxi
cult mat Building, 5‘25 by 175 feet;
tbe Auditorium, seating espaoity 660.1;
tbe Woman’s Building, 160 by eighty
five feet, nud tbe Administrating
wassiiwwew*a*M"a*aamwaa>aswMawwM*aMHanßmaaamnassm* M,a **aßaimi T"—r- -- i ■■■■ ————
THE AUDITORIUM. .
Building, where the exeentive officers
we looated.
These buildings are built, like those
et the world’s fair, of staff ovr aa
heavy frame, except in the ease of bet
Parthenon, the walla of which era of
brick, and the roof of steel and glass.
Tbe preliminary work on Machinery
Hall and tha Power Bon*a, Children’s
Building, Negro Building and Horti
cultural Building is being done.
When these are watt under wav the
History Building and tha Live Block
Arena will be commenced.
That all of tha bnildinge will be
completed in time and tha exposition
will be ready in May ie eranred.
Meanwhile tbe indications are that
the expoeition will be most snooeasfuL
Exhibits are pouring in. Recognition
has bean given by twenty five of tha
Butea, which will send exhibits of
their resources. Its international
character ie assured by tha fact that
recognition and encouragement bae
been given by many of the great
Nations of tha world. Japan, China,
Austria, England, Mexico and tha
Booth American Staten wilt be repre
sented, and many of them have already
sent exhibits and their buildings are
in proceas of construction.
A reoent visit to the grounds of the
expoeition showed thus rapid prog
ress was being made in the work.
The grounds ara easily seoemible from
the oity, not more than twenty min
utes’ distance by the street oar*. The
park was beanttial before man began
to improve on nature’s handiwork, and
ia now even more beantifoL It is
»aid that its site ie prettier than that
whioh any other exposition has'ever
had. On this park a second white
eity ia rising, with buildings as white
as thorn of the world’s fair and form
ing a floe contrast to the bine or the
hills and sky, and the green or the
waters aad tbe lawns. The bnildinge
are spleoded specimens of architec
ture, with most types represented, in
cluding the Done, lonian and reuais
mace, aa watt as tha ooionial type,
popular 160 years ago in thisoonutry.
One of tha moat important buildings
and the first to be delivered to the
offioiale complete, is the Woman’s
Bnilding. To the women of Tennessee
ie due all of the credit for tbe bnilding
erected for tneir use. A womac, Mrs.
Sara Ward Conley, waa tha arehitoet,
and it will be managed entiiely by
woman under tbe direction of Mr*. Van
Leer Kirkuan, tha President of tbe
Women’s Board. Tha bnilding base
fine location in the sonthweftern por
tion of the grounds. Its srobiteotare
greatly resembles that of the Hermit
age, the home of Andrew Jaokaoo,
npoo whieh it waa modeled, although
there are also snjgestio m of the Greek
style of architecture, which produce a
beautiful and novel effect. The cen
tral pert of tho ioterior ia a large
rotunda with a grand staircasa np
right aad left at tha rear, and the
balance of tbo bnilding ia divided into
handsome apsrlmeate for classified
exhibits. The second story of the loft
wing, aaone eaters, is a large assembly
hall, to whieh namsrou congresses ot
woman will meat daring tho exposi
tion. The workmanship on the stall
columns, tho friese and tha figaxee ia
of tbo highest order.
Mrs. Kirkmao, tha Preaidant of tho
Woman’s Board, has made aa effort to
pro*ant striking features of naasoal
interest, aad special attention will bo
paid to woman’s work to tke arte
Every variety of decorative and ap
plied art wilt lie represented. Oaa
entire room ia to bo devoted to cera
mics i there wilt bo an elaborate dis
play of tho work of tho American and
Swim wood carvers, and tha best wo
men artists in the country will tend
gene Irom their stndloi.
Woman’s increasing aptitude aa a
poster designer baa been shown very
■ dearly during the last year or two,
and a poster inhibition of tha work of
women will be one of tbe features.
Tbe Southern woman, even when she
essays man’s work, does nor forget the
importance of her set as housekeep
er!*, and this U shown by the faot tbst
the obier feature of the women's de
partment will be a modal hitehen
where free practical lectures on cook
ing will be given.
Another room will be devoted to an
exhibit of the patents and inventions
of woman gathered from all pane of the
country. Tbe surroundings and
achievements of women in Persia,
Turkey, Egypt and Japan will be
shown in three other rooms. One
striking feature will be a colonial sit
ting room, aa exvri reproduction of a
room ia no old bonse in Cambridge,
Mm, whioh was once the headquar
ters of General Washington. This is
the house now ooeaptod by Alice
Longfellow, in whioh her father, the
famous poet, formerly lived.
Perhaps the most splendid bnilding
on the grounds will be the fine arte
bnildinge wbioh ia known as the Par
thenon. It is in the act o*l eeoter of
tha grounds ami iseaid to be a perfect
oopv of tha celebrated Atbeoian build
ing, whieh has been known for oen
taries as the finest piece of architec
ture created by mao. The Parthenon
was designed and completed in the
time of Periolee nailer the direction of
Phytiies end lotmae. The building ie
intended as a permanent memorial of
the expoeition, to lost after alt of the
other buildings shall bays been de
stroyed. It will therefore be entirely
fireproof, with atone feindatione,
concrete floors, brick walls and steel
roof, the exterior being ornamented
in molded staff imitation of the Athe
nian Parthenon. Os coarse it is im
possible to make on exact rep ica of
the famous batt ling in such a short
spaoe of time, hut' tbe building is
■Urtingly like toe original, ex
cept for the delieato carvings on the
pediment and tbe interior decoration.
In front of the Parthenon will be a
atatne of Pallas Athenae, now being
made in Paris, whioh, with its pedestal,
will be forty three feet high. From
tbe foot of the terrace there will bnrri
a fountain, and on all sides artisfcie
features wilt be grouped to harmony
with tha Parthenon itself, making it
the chief point of interest to tha
visitors,
Near tbe Parthenon will be another
interesting reproduction, known ss
the Rialto. For centuries tbe Rialto
has been an object of interest to both
tha arobitoet and tha student of his
tory, It will be a faithful representa
tion of the famonv Rialto that spans
tha Grand Canal at Yeniee, amid sur
roundings that ara not inappropriate,
for the Tennemee *ky to Jane is bine
end touched with warmth resembling
that of Yeniee.
Jnst south of the Parthenon and
within easy reach of tbe main entrance
is tbe Anditorinm*, which is one of t e
most impressive buildings on the
ground*. The intention is to nee te
for tbe meeting* of large bodies.
Many conventions wbioh are to beheld
in 1897 by various societies’ have de
termined to taka advantage of the
opportunity to attend the exposition
and their sessions will ba held in tbe
Auditorium. It is also propose t to
hold parliaments similar to those held
in Obioago daring the world’s fair.
Tha eapaeity of the bnilding ie about
76J0 people. The design is colonial
in form and lonic in treatment. Four
. porticos, facing the different points
of she compass, give tbe floor a shape
resembling a short cross, except for
tha oixooisr colonnades connecting at
each corner, forming n desirable
promenade and restful plsee for weary
sight-seers, while tbe roof fnrnishee a
beautiful balcony, whieh not only
adds to the charm of the design but
in addition adonis a vantage point for
the viewing of outdoor displays and
pageants, Tha inter,or dimensions
are 290 by 119 feet. Tbo tower isUU
teat high. Tha architect ia Geoxga W.
Thorn pton*
Thu Commercial Bnilding la the
largest on tha grounds. It la situated
on tha western tide aad ia also de
signed for the display of the dberql
aria. On the roof will be a garden
and other concessions. Tho building
measures s9l by 255 feat. The in
trrior'te divided into skies and a save,
the former bring twenty-five feat wide
and tho latter forty-five feet high,
Tbe oentral pavilion is two stories to
height, tha seoond story forming a
gallery on either side 111 by 169 feet,
overlooking the nave, and is reaohed
by four broad stai/waye, one on eaoh
end of the four corner*. Tbe general
•tyle is based on the Corinthian and
lonio orders of the Graeco-Korean.
The Agricultural Building is more
on the lines of the oriliuiti expo si
tion bnilding than most of the others.
It te the renaissance style and waa de
signed by Julias G. Zwinker. It ia
300 by 2.K)feet in fixe, with a magnifi
cent dome rising in the center to a
bright of 109 feet, wbiie e x minor
domesi are need to halenoe the strne
."-j am Pbal arches, magnificently
surmount the four an
,?£• Agricultural Bnilding
T* 1 ,lgh u the domes are
partly of opaque glass, while there are
numerous windows. The building is.
located ao as to show it. clerical lines
sad fine proportions to exoellent' ad*
vantage.
The Machinery Building ia a happy
combination of solidity and force, with
delicate outlines. It te of tbe type of
the famous Propyleum in Mnuleh, the
beat example of tbe revival of tbe
Doric. It ie tbe first buildiug which
greets tbe visitor npoo hit entrance
into the gronnda It rest* on a ter
race, and tbe power rooms aro lower
than the main building, an t the in
convenience of heat sad smoke ere
tuns avoided. The rojf is high and
tha Interior is coonuodion*. Bhade
trees grow on three aides and tha power
hons# ia almost hidden from view to
the foliage. Tbe dimensions ara 526
bv 12* feat, with a hotter room 162 by
seventy-two feet. Tue arrangement
of tbe floor leads to three main en
trances, marked by imposing portioos, .
with six columns each, crowned by
gables eonlptnred in high relief in ap
propriate designs. It te sixty-eight
feet to the top of the roof. Tbe north
end of the structure border* on the
lake.
An interesting feature will be tha
Children’# Building. Whan the idea
of the exposition we* firs* broached
the children began to take an interest
in tbe affair, and asked that they be
given a chance to abow what they
coaid do. Their pennies have been
contributed to erect a beautiful build
ing. Only aneb things an will amuse
and instruct the little ouu will be ad
mitted. Chimes will be in the front
part of the building, while a deer park,
with fifty deer, will be io the rear,
All of the bnildinge will be grouped
as closely together as possible, with a
view to artistic effect without (sacrifice
of convenience. An attempt will ba
made, if possible, for the visitor to
travel over she whole ground in a
short space of time. The ol wf objeo
woman’s Btrapmo- 1
tion, end to feet (he only one to the
world’s fair at Obteego, that there
woo too much to be seen and that the
distances to be traversed were too
magnificent. The Tennessee Centen
nial will be compact and on oppor
tunity will be given for everybody to
see that which be wishes to sea with
tha least possible expenditure of effort.
The amusement row at e»erj world’s
fair ainee the Chicago Exposition has
bean known as the Midwoj in honor
of the Midway Plaisanoe, along whieh
these concessions ware grouped in
Chicago. Bat the Tennessee Centen
nial has found a new name for the
amusement quertei. The place aet
apart for them is to ba called Yanity
Fair, alter tbe (how mentioned to
“Pilgrim’s Progress” whioh was scan
by Christian in his journey through
life. In a triangle will be erected
many of the features which were at
tractive at the world’s f«ir, with
others. Free open-air shows are pro
posed, barkers ore to have foil swing,
and there are a number of novelties
suggested. The Director-General has,
however, declared that there shall be
no exhibitions whieh would ba
offensivo to anyone. Startling
novelties are promised, «rd the
Tennessee people my that the Vanity
Fair will eclipse the Midway in novel*
ties.
A typical Southern spot will be the
place known as “Gourd Arbor. Phis
will be n long avenue leading from
tha. main entrance of. tha Auditorium
to the open walk# of the western part
of she pork. Alight, airy frame-work
covers the walk, which will be over*
grown with flowers and tinea
The following am the officers of tha
tXDorittoo t Major John W. Thomas,
Ptesideaj; Yen Lear Kirkmau, Nash*
Till*, Viee-Presfdeut; W. A. Hender
son. Kuv'zvide, Vtoe-Preeldaot; John
O vr--«o, Jr., Memphis, Vice-Presi
dent; B. a Lewis, Director-General.
M . L .
Lord Mayor Faadal Phillips pf
London intends to aignattpa his year
of office, to whioh will fall tha com*
ptetion of the sixtieth year of Queen
viotoria’s ralgu, by raising a Mibserip
ttan of SS,OCu.OO(i needed to free the
grass panda hospitals of London from