IN THE ROSE GARDEN of the White House (May 3) President Lyndon B. Johnson greets
Felix Mika and Father Anthony Matula of Panna Maria, Texas, where the mosaic copy of the
famous Black Madonna of Czestochowa will be placed on exhibition. At right is Felix V.
Snoga, postmaster at Panna Maria. (NC Photos) _
Nuclear War Called
Press Debate Topic
SAN FRANCISCO — (NC) —
The moral issues involved in mod
ern nuclear warfare should pro
vide the Catholic press with ma
terial for a “great debate which
has already been over 20 years in
getting underway,” a noted profes
sor and author told the 56th an
nual national convention of the
Catholic Press Association here.
One of the principal speakers at
a general convention meeting on
“War and Peace and the Catholic
Conscience,” William V. O’Brien,
chairman of the Institute of World
Policy at Georgetown University,
Washington, D.C., told the dele
gates that such a debate is neces
sary because to date the “Catholic
reaction — official, semi-official,
and lay — to the moral dilemmas
of nuclear war has been, on the
whole, uneven, inconclusive and
unsatisfactory.”
He traced the Church’s position
on warfare through history, sum
marking that “since the time of
St. Augustine the prevailing atti
tude of the Church has condoned
so-called just wars.”
SPEAKING OF the emerging
distinction between Catholic “just
war” advocates and Catholic paci
fists in the United States, he point
ed out that, traditionally, the pa
cifist has never been backed by
Catholic teaching.
“It can be stated as a fact, not
as a debating point but as a clar
ification of the state of the ques
tion today,” O’Brien said, “that the
official teaching of the Church on
war has repeatedly rejected paci
fism.”
He emphasized that “this fact is
not to suggest that a strong case
for pacifism and particularly for
nuclear pacifism is not conceiva
ble,” but simply that “such a case
has not been convincingly made to
those who speak authoritatively
for the Church on such questions.”
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Missionaries
Show 14°lo Gain
Over Two Years
WASHINGTON — (NC) — A
total of 9,292 Catholic missionar
ies from the United States are
serving overseas, according to a
report on overseas missionary per
sonnel compiled and soon to be
published by the U.S. bishop’s
Mission Secretariat.
The number, as of last Jan. 1,
represents an increase of 1,166
missionaries for a 14 percent gain
over the 8,126 serving overseas on
Jan. 1, 1964.
Included in the current total are
3,948 priests, 901 Brothers, 200
scholastics, 3,693 Sisters, 1 novice,
and 549 lay men and women.
Gains were reflected in the
number of missionaries in all con
tinents with the exception of Eur
ope and North America where
slight numerical decreases were
shown, the survey showed.
Most significant increases were
in Latin America where a total of
3,241 missionaries represented a
32 percent gain over the 2,456
working there in 1964.
UNICEF to Weigh
Family Planning Aid
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.—(NC]
The major policy decision before
the forthcoming session of the Ex
ecutive Board of the United Na
tions Children’s Fund is whethei
or not UNICEF should assist gov
ernment sponsored family plan
ning programs on the request ol
the government concerned.
The board meets in Addis Ababa:
Ethiopia, May 19-31. It will have
before it a report on “the possi
ble role of UNICEF” in such pro
grams, which it requested at its
last session after considerable dis
cussion and in response to a U.S,
proposal. It will also have before
it two requests for assistance to
family planning, one from India
and the other from Pakistan.
The report itself is an attempt
to justify UNICEF’s entry into
this field, and includes a num
ber of generalizations and assump
tions which can be questioned on
the basis of other U.N. documents.
Given UNICEF’s original man
date, the whole question is posited
in terms of family planning as a
rnntrihntinn to child welfare.
THE REPORTS concludes
with the recommendation that
UNICEF should consider requests
from governments where the lat
ter consider “that the need for
these services (family planning)
has a high priority in .respect to
children’s health and welfare.”
UNICEF will give advice on
techniques, persuade any country
to adopt or extend family plan
ning services, or provide contra
ceptive devices or equipment. A
government request would be
“considered with the resources
that can be made available to the
particular country.”
If the Executive Board approves
the recommendation, it is expect
ed that UNICEF assistance will
be in the form of stipends for
trainees and other aids (teaching
equipment, etc.) for training pro
grams for family planning person
nel in maternal and child health
centers, since these centers al
ready account for a major portion
of UNICEF assistance.
THE RECOMMENDATION con
cludes: “Recognizing that family
planning services can be no more
than one aspect of a comprehen
1 sive program for children,
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UNICEF’s main effort and objec
tive should continue to be the ex
tension of services benefiting chil
dren and the general improve
ment of the condition of children
and their preparation for life, by
all available means.”
Premise of the report is re
flected in its statement that “a
government’s decision to include
family planning as part of the ma
ternal and child health services
may be based on consideration of
the welfare of mothers and chil
dren, and of human rights, and
need not be linked to a policy
of moderating the rate of popu
lation increase.”
Baby Shortage
Now Worrying
East Europeans
MUNICH — (NC) — East Eu
rope’s communist leaders are now
worried about their birth rate
problem: Too few babies are be
ing born.
The three basic reasons for the
low birth rates are, according to
Radio Free Europe: East European
nations have more women than
men in their populations; abor
tions are legal; and the use of
contraceptives is becoming wide
spread.
The RFE survey released here
quoted a Hungarian doctor as say
ing recently, “We have to reinstate
the respect due motherhood or
this may have a catastrophic ef
fect within a few decades.”
East Europe is faced with the
problem of having some of the
world’s lowest birth rates coupled
to a steadily aging population.
The baby shortage is most acute
in Hungary, East Germany and
Czechoslovakia.
In Hungary, which has the low
est annual birth rate in the world,
180,000 abortions were performed
last year.
Some of the reasons for this,
Radio Free Europe says, are the
lower tax rates on married but
childless couples, inadequate fam
ily allowances, short maternity
leaves and a shortage of large,
family-size living quarters.
J. R. Sprung
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