-m
2
UMBER
m
ng been EMUin^d, cnunblfid
and vanished into oblivion
nturiee ago, have been rtf*
41$* tWto th*
discovery of tomb. 0f &n
Pharaoh whose name^Tu
**Jf has now subslded'and the
»ble questions arias., * * Why
l Tutenkhamon mean so much?
r current curiosity justified?
is there about his relation to
ireer of Egypt that makes his
^:im^r^it? ■■;■.(■ ‘
begin with, we must confute a
pread impression of Egyptian
atlon as a changeless unity.. In
» Egypt offers us our clearest
e of the. development of a
r central Government, a real
i, out of originally disconnected
ments along its great river.'
fcgr the need of grater co-op
n in controlling the Nile, for
ion purposes and commerce,
primitive communities Were
brought together into the
Units of Upper; and Lower
, Which in turn were later eon*
by the numbered dynasties. Xiu,
s King strengthened: hir hold on
e united nation, the finst great
och of Egyptian history—the so
tted Old Kingdom (third or sixth
nasty)—developed. This was the
ae when the Great Pyramid of
sell and its fellows Were con
noted as permanent sepulchers to
sserfe the? bodies of the Pharaohs
d thereby assure their future life,
e fact that not even these huge
tsses of almost solid masonry were
le to protect the ornaments and
rsons of thei£ occupants from rob
in was largely responsible for the
icealment of the royal tombs of the
ipire within the rugged cUffs at
5 Old Kingdom (about 3,000
B;. C.) was only one great ago
ypt’a bistory. Weakened by <ie
tWelfth,
which
jy in l
Asia, added to renewed and enlarged
incomb from thd Sudan; produced an
age of. unprecedadted magnificence
Am0% 4tlie local god of Thebes, p*r
tron of the new dynasty, wafs
ed with riches
Political developments are, how
ever,, but one aapect^f a ?nati^s
Me. Religiously progress had been
made from the conception of a here
after attainable only by those of
royaFoir nobib bfrth tb that of a uni
versal union With Osiris, the.great
ruler of the dead. Wheredu any man
might share. The basis of attain
ment, also, had prOgnpesi^ -beyond
the wholly material princijfe Implied
in preservation of the, body and pro
vision of food and Other offerings; so
thai moral worth (Was now recognis
ed. In long rolls of Charms andjj
prayers which, according to the cus
tom under the empire^ must accom
pany the deceased for ‘ his future
guidance and protection—rolls lAshich
we group, despite their varying con
tents, under the term “the Book of the
Dead’’—a prominent feature is the
judgment scene wherein the heart is
actually pictured in the scales, bal
anced against the feathered emblem
of truth and righjtousnes*:
ikhnaton—Father of New Cult.
Outstanding Asiatic conquests. by
Thutmose Iff., the most able of the
Egyptian emperors, allowed his suc
cessors more leisure for the arts of
peace. At the court of his great
grandson, Amenhotep in., luxury
and splendor raeched their apogefej |
Such periods, however,
fVk MJp, J1P
m endow
compart
, _^_y. .p(p|Biistanoe,'
however, the, period of decadence
proved more glorious;-than Egypt's
"Stead splendors. For the son and
successor of Ameohofep Ilf;1 ijrab
Amenhotep IV., better known by hiej
later, name, Ikhnaton, the fether-in- j
law of Tutenkhamon and a* drehmer
of great dreams.. *' j
The prominence of imperial Egypt’
in Asiatic affairs had been attended
by various intermarriage* with other
royal lines. How much foreign blood
flowed in the veins of Amenhotep IV.
is uncertain; a recent suggestion is
that he was partly of Hittite stock- *
In any event, this King became to the
later Egyptians a religious heretic,^
but to us, as the American Egyptol
ogist, J^ofefesor Breasted, has phras
ed it, he is “the first individual in
history**’ The King’s “heresy” was
connected with the conception of the
sun-deity. The Son, so outstanding a
llgtdnv S.
aS Jte *(f
;the
irc^ld in his
i falcon 'Efar\
toss tbe ®*7,
, rolling be*
whereih its
*se and <rt8er;
bad acquired
st» ot Amon
si: for their -
eathedi'ftl iffl a-s part
common partimony
one of
June 22^
Day fo£!
/ Qur hew Budget Fins]
System is now in operation
this is ou^jirst opportunit
shOw^our iiffeest in* the |£
{forward5 movement * for :
interests of oug eofife Chi
We must make Children’s
all that' it should be in e
hhurctT ij* the Denoininal
unaff m
ppum ijfP Wre"
ic*e. Ihhnaton% energies were, ft
fouid aeeim fuift occupied with far
Aertog the*« new Ylems of retiglm.
m •*»* Aatatl<!
;,his ancestors had trottt up melted
away, while bis commanders Netted
at inaetion, the Amon ■ priesthood
plotted to regain it. wealth and
power, and the common people, de
prived of their familiar gods and cue
toms, chafed in the new regime. Ini
however, was not physieal
and probably not over
On he died- He had been
Wh.A large family of daugh
however, d|d Tutebkh
loyatty tcf'; his father
. That he residedfirst
. . , i
the motherand the father
'Of
.This epochal innovation in
My at aj^r
Ota host of deities, was
gave way
m: m
to
mmmmlmmMB8U* g,
in decoration, freer curves and
Image
Ikhnaton’s
Enkhosen
Aton’%/
own 'to us
uttoBi”;
on and
Ives
_ carry on the faith in the1
of which Ikhnaton had sue- .
lP“® Mjm them t~41
ere
even
; ^ \ suppose® i
ce of his.
) on rings,
. ts from its ruins, but]
I an occasional additfon, j
‘^ahatioii of Amon/’ and a seene I
twherjsin' Tuteukhaton appears wor- ,
shipping Amon and his consort Mut, -
’show how thej tide w*s running, /this I
reactionary tendency, supported as it j
was by the old priesthoods, the army;
and the common folk, soon brought
the young King back,, to Thebee, |
whence have come most of th,e other
s'srjcsrj
?sj| flKb V* j' jj| JrVkW uJA. rMLLjJ£ri
in
Own
words
NegroekDfganize
Will m#an
V.' ■