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' ' T '.-in Hl )) " the psych-
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A OL. xcrvi so. 37.
Struggle in dardanfTTf
AND AT YPRES MOST VITAL
OF ANY FOUGHT IN EUROPE
Neither Has Reached a Stage
Which Will Permit of Pre-
diction of Outcome.
ALL REPORTS CONFLICT
Ailies Claim Advance in Otto
man Territory Turks
Also Claim Success.
Equally Contradictory Are the
Reports From Ypres.
London. April 27. On. the nar
row, roeky Gallipoliv peninsula in
Tinkoy. and on a restricted front
stretching northward from Ypres,
in Belgium, two of the most vital
struggles of the war . are in pro
gress, .either has reached a stage
winch- would permit of a predic
tion of the ultimate result.
On the Gallipoli peninsula a pic
turesque assortment of Allied
troops, which landed Sunday, sup
ported by the fire of the warships,
are trying to batter their way
through thousands of German-officered
Turks in an effort to' force
the Dardanelles the main, gate
way of the Ottoman empire and
reach Constantinople.'
Allies Claim Success.
According to the British claim, the
attack is progressing, but a Turkish
communication tonight declares that
although the Allies landed forces at
four points, these forces ' are beaten
back to the coast, while , the .Moslems
in the .French ranks are deserting the
tri-colors' and casting their "lot with
their co-religionists. ' j .
Equally contradictory are the official
statements concerning the fighting in
the vicinity of Ypres. It wouldappear
'hat the German offensive north of
that city, which brought them a gain
of nearly three miles, has reached its
limit, and that, although the Germans
hold most of ' the ground they gained,
the question now is whether they can
retain it.
The British troops are now- said to
have taken the offensive and are strik
es toward St. Julien, which the Ger
mans captured while the French on
the, British left not only have pushed
the Germans from Lizerne, their new
lodgment on the west bank of the ca
nnl nearest Calais, but have crossed
'he canal and hold Het Sast, on the
east bank.
No Progress Shown.
The German official communication
today which records no progress for
the German troops, admits that the
witisn- took the offensive toward St.
Julien but insists that the successive
attacks broke down.
Some of the British naDers nrofess
the belief that the crisis in the new
hattle or seizes of battles, for the
Tencn coast, has passed, but others
of the opinion that the end is not
"The fate
balance."' says the KvAnlntr Xftws
"'?y are not starving and they are
'pable of a great sustained offensive
111 f landers."
"IMSTERS CALLED HOME.
taly on Verge of Mabine- Tmnnrtnnt
mouneement to Diplomatic Circles.
ome via Paris, April 27. The Ital
v" dmljassadors at Paris, London,
ert r p aiKl Berlin have been summon
to home to confer with Foreign Min-
oumnno.
n Home Ulis action is' regarded as
iPreli
nnnary to the announcement of a
Igrave
lp,v ""f"' win decision Dy me
taiian government
lor T;, . s . . .
lFr-.n, ".", me amDassaaor to
rra.ncf
iHt- lii, ,ltt'".ea "ome this morning.
rii J -r-t. ...
1. -I l MR (!!
ty only a' fortnight ago
J' ' aris.
; ' Marches
Cat lotti, the ambassador to
thf. r)i;.t. " " wme DacK because or
Itr;t
., and the difficulties' of
him ':,, messenger has beensent
" vei. hut .. .. . i
instructions. -' . '
Assv DRIVEN BACK.
"'Hi i,
vSay" 1ht Attaeks of British
; Jri"' ,'a 'eless to London, April
avs va.r siaiement t aay
vh,r.fi W-St f-he British attacked in
Cnm. . - l'-nuy with verv atrorifir
' with very strong
s Hi
orn, . ""e or our positions
i c n- i : ... ...
tins r'r . northeast of Tpres which
p-'outh of to Iour' kilometers
to- the , r .'"' previus line from -close
'sern, . V JJechoudt farm on the
Ure'-tion r r r. y ot st.- Julien in the
Thesp 1 ,Ji;irfcnstafeT.
fc!tkefi j "'u"s. which partly were
Mry .' ",e rear by German artil-
completely
re with extra-
'The n. losses.
catert 'i s m Lizerne which-were
brifVav , ""S the last night.
UV nc- -i . . . . .
M'li
in of Vv onuaieo. on tne leit
nf i 1 (fl"al immediately to the
L,ZH"ne still i
s being held by
"li
' tin
r Ynrc; ;"r"lei"ents hitherto fought
'".V,. T.
""" hi V ,a,lroa'l Juncti
bombard
laii;
ction and
-ont , ', ' ,U8IterB of Poperinghe,
- " o
Wm FALLS
FRENPflOLD TOWN
s
x
Turks jable to Dislodge the
T ps from Position
AT THE DARDANELLES
Fighting: Has. Been Desperate on Nar
row Strip of Rocky Land Turks
Tnrn Heavy Artillery on
Allied Positions.
Paris, April 27. French troops have
occupied the village of Kum Kaleh,
the Turkish' fortress on the Asiatic
side of the entrance to the Dardanelles.
This announcement was made officially
tonight.
"During the disembarkation Sunday
of the allied forces at the Dardanelles"
the official communication says,
"French troops, comprising infantry
and artillery, had been designated par
ticularly for operations at Kum Kaleh
on the Asiatic side. -
"This mission was completely and
successfully fulfilled.
"Aided by the cannon of the French
fleet and under the Are of the enemy
our troops occupied the village and
have continued its occupation despite
seven counter-attacks at night, sup
ported by heavy artillery.
"We took 500 prisoners and the loss
es of the enemy appear to have been
considerable.
"The general disembarkation of the
allied forces continues under good con
ditions." BRITISH SAY SUCCESSES.
Situation in Dardanelles Favorable to
the Allied Cause, is Report.
London, April 27. A joint war? office
and admiralty statement issued : to
night on the , Dardanelles ' operations
says: ' " -: -.'.'c-.-.?;-.
"After days of hard fighting in a
difficult country the troops landed on
Galipoli peninsula are thoroughly
making good their footing with the ef
fective help of the navy. The French
have taken 500 prisoners."
The statement appends the follow
ing, which, it says, is officially publish
ed at Cairo:
"The allied forces under General Sir
Ian Hamilton have effected, a landing
on both sides of the Dardanelles under
excellent conditions. Many prisoners
have been taken and our forces are
continuing their advance."
LANDING FORCES DRIVEN BACK.
Turkish Official Report Says Allies
Driven Back to the Ocean.
Constantinople, April 27. via Am
sterdam and London. The Turkish
war department today gave out - the
following official statement:
"Under the protection of warships,
the enemy attempted to land troops
Sunday at four points on the west
coast of Gallipoli, namely, at the mouth
of Sighunders, on the coast in the dis
trict of Aviburn to the west of Kaba
tepeth, on the coast at Tekeburum, and
in the neighborhood of Kum-Kaleh.
' "The troops of the enemy landed at
Tekburn were forced to retreat at the
point of the bayonet and were pushed
back to the coast. Part of these forc
es on Monday night were obliged has
tily to return to their ships. 'The Turk
ish attacks at all points were progres
sing successfully. Simultaneously a
fleet approached the Dardanelles in or
der to force the straits from the sea
(Continued ' on Page Eight)
TURKEY ASKED TO SEND
RELIEF TO ARMENIANS
State Department Takes Up
Matter with Constantinople.
Russian Ambassador at Washington
Makes First Official Presentation
of Matter to State Department
-Action for Humanity.
Washington, April 27. An appeal for
relief of Armenian Christians in Tur
key, after massacres and further
threatened outrages had been reported,
was made to the Turkish government
today by the United States.
Acting upon Russia's request, Secre
tary "Bryan " cabled Ambassador Mor
genthau at Constantinople to make rep-
resentations to Turkey asking that
steps be taken for protection of imper
illed Armenians.
Ambassador Bakhmeteff called at the
dispatch from the Russian government
which included an appeal for aid to
State Department late today with a
President Wilson from the Catholics of
the Armenian church at Etchmiadzin in
the Caucasus, Russia could not direct
ly conduct diplomatic negotiations be
cause she is at war with Turkey.
"The request from the?f head of the
Armenian church to J this government
forwarded through the Russian ambas- j
sador," said Secretary Bryan, "Is the !
first official notice the department, has i
received of the reported Armenian mas- j
sacres. Our action was taken as a
mattrv of. humanity."! ' , , i
luuiui, a, u YVJiiJJN.lliWJJ.AY MOJiJNlJVGk ATT?TT 1Q1K - w
UNKNOWN HISTORY TREATMENT GIVEN CHINA GETS A NEW BERNARD DERNBERG COUNTRY SMILING
BECOMING KNOWN PRISONERS SEVERE DRAFT OF DEMANDS CRITICISES PRESS WITH PROSPERITY
Barnes-Roosevelt Correspond
ence Reveals Much.
OF INSIDE POLITICS
In Reply to Protest Concerning Tli
Taken in Trial, Barnes' Attorneys
think it May Last All Summer.
-Newspaper Articles Read.
Syracuse, X. Y., April 27. More hith
erto unknown chapters of political his
tory were revealed in the Supreme
Court here today when confidential cor
respondence that passed between Theo
dore Roosevelt on one hand and Wil
liam Barnes and former United States
Senator Thomas C. Piatt the "boss"
on the other, were read to the jury.
It was the former President's sixth
day on the witness stand in Barnes'
$50,000 suit for alleged libel.
The colonel identified the letters and
wound up the day by claiming as .his
own the speeches and interviews pub
lished in New York newspapers, in
which he said some things about the
men he called "the bosses." The names
of Barnes, Murphy, Guggenheim, Cox,
Lorimer, Penrose and others were scat
tered through these articles.
The letters that passed between Colonel-
Roosevelt and Senator Piatt show
ed that the two continued to consult on
friendly terms while the former was
Governor, Vice-President and then
President. In a telegram sent to Col
onel Roosevelt, while he was Governor,
the senator urged thesigning of a bill
for exempting' from the Franchise tax
grade crossings of steam roads and
said that "our friends of New York
Central" and Senator Depew were "anx
ious." Colonel Roosevelt replied that
he had received the telegram "too late"
and that any way, he considered the
matter was one on which he should take
the "advice ot fhe tax commission, un
less it could be shown that they were
wrong."
"Not an Easy Boss."
In .another telegram, when Senator
Piatt insisted that .Colonel Roosevelt
(then Governor) attend the meeting.of
a commission, 'the colonel, atfef protesting-
agreed. todo.. so, .and added,
"but you are n'ot an easy boss."'
The colonel, when Vice-President,
asked that his friends be "taken care
of" by thfe senator.
In other letters appointments were
discussed while in one written by the
senator, after Colonel Roosevelt was in
the White House, the cabinet to be se
lected by the mayor-elect of New York,
Seth Low, was written of.
The name of William Barnes, the col
onel admitted, did not appear once in
all this correspondence.
The letters between Mr. Barnes and
the colonel covered a period, between
1904 and 1910. Their tenor was entire
ly friendly, but at times they almost
bordered upon the formal. The appoint
ment of men to office and a variety of
political affairs were discussed and "the
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" elements Col
onel Roosevelt said Mr. Barnes had in
him, were the subject of questions
which resulted.
Hostilities broke out between the op
posing lawyers several times. '
The Roosevelt counsel fought against
the admission of the newspaper arti
cles. Then when the colonel was asked
about campaign contributions from
men affiliated with the American Powder-Company,
the New Haven railroad,
Harvester company, the Steel corpora
tion anr the Tennessee Coal and Iron
company, and whether he, as1 President
of the United States, had ordered the
Attorney General to investigate or
bring action against the concerns, the
attorneys clashed again.
May Last All Summer.
The Tennessee Coal and Iron Com
pany and a competition by the Steel
Corporation was under discussion when
John M. Bowers, chief counsel for Col
onel Roosevelt, said:
"Now, please stop with that. We
will be all summer trying this case."
"We may," replied William Ivins,
chief counsel for Mr. Barnes. "We did
not start this game."
"Yes, you did," declared Mr. Bowers,
heatedly.
"Yes, you did," returned Mr. Ivins.
'Colonel Roosevelt made the first pub
lication." . Then the court intervened.
The belief prevailed here tonight that
the cross-examination of the former
President would end some time tomor
row. Mr. Barnes was in court again
today.
Got Message "Too Late."
A . telegram in which former United
States Senator Piatt urged Theodore
Roosevelt to sign a bill for exempting
from the franchise tax bill grade cross
ings of steam railroads and said that j
our inenas ot me ixew iorK central
and Senator Depew were anxious," was
read when court convened for the sixth
day of the trial, with Colonel Roosevelt
still on the stand. In reply the Colo
nel wrote Senator Piatt he had receiv
ed the telegram "too late."
These messages were part of addi
tional ' correspondence that passed be
tween Colonel Roosevelt and Piatt and
which was presented in court today.
William L. Barnum, the cross-examiner,
started off his inquiry by asking
Colonel Roosevelt whether he had
taken Piatt's advice in regard to the
nomination for the Vice Presidency in
1900.
"Did you value Senator Piatt's ad
vice?" asked Mr. Barnum.
"I am unable to say," replied Colo
nel Roosevelt.
"Did he advise you to accept the
nomination?"
"Don't say advise, sir," said Colonel
Roosevelt..
"Well, as a result of your interview
with Boss Piatt did he so advise you?"
Colonel Roosevelt's counsel objected
and the question was ruled out.
Letters .Are Read,
.The following letter from Piatt to
(Continued on Page Eight.)
Parliament Discusses Situation
of Men in Germany.
GRATITUDE TO THE U. S.
Lord Kitchener Speaking of Conditions
Under Which British Prisoners
Are Held in Germany Criti
cises Practices.
London, April 27. The British par
liament occupied itself Bolely today
with discussions of the treatment of
British war prisoners in Germany. In
both houses gratitude was expressed
for efforts the United States has made
to ameliorate conditions.
Lord Kitchener's speech in the House
of Lords, in which he said he lamented
what he was convinced was German in
humanity towards British soldiers, was
the most notable expression of the day.
There were, however, equally striking
notes in both houses, notably by Lord
Lansdowne, opposition leader, and Lord
Cromer, who expressed regret in the
House of Lords that the British admir
alty had seen fit to segregate captured
merman submarine crews, and by Pre
mier Asquith in the House of Commons
who declared that at the end of the
war the British people would exact rep
aration. No definite course of action
concerning the treatment of prison
ers was agreed on.
Improvement is Shown.
In the House of Commons Neil Prim
rose said that American officials had
visited 16 prisoner camps in Germany
and that the reports thus far received
had shown improvement in treatment
accorded British prisoners.
Lord Kitchener told the House of
Lords that British prisoners had been
insulted, maltreated and even shot
down by their German captors. He
also explained the use of asphyxiating
gases by the Germans.
"I have been forced with reluctance
to accept as indisputably true the mal
treatment by the German army of Brit
ish prisoners," said Lord Kitchener.
"The Hague convention has been fla
grantly disregarded by German officers.
Our prisoners have been stripped and
maltreated in various ways and in
some cases the evidence goes to prove
that they have bei shot in cold blood.
Out., officers wefti't .h."ri''wound,ed, have
been wantonly insulted and frequently
struck."
Earl Kitchener said that as a soldier
he hitherto had always held .German
officers in respect, but "constant tes
timony that has come in, not only
from our own escaped prisoners, but
from French, Russian, Belgian and
American sources, has brought it home
to all who, have sifted the evidence
that the inhumanity displayed by the
German authorities toward British
prisoners especially is beyond doubt."
The secretary quoted articles from
conventions adopted at The Hague
relating to treatment of war prisoners
and asserted they had been flagrantly
disregarded by German officers. He
added:
"I think it only fair and right to say
that the German hospitals should bo
excepted in any charges of deliberate
inhumanity."
OFFICIAL RUSSIAN REPORT.
Intermittent Artillery Duel In Poland
Going On Says Communication.
Petrograd, via London, April 28.
The following official communication
from general headquarters was issued
tonight:
"Near Ossowetz (Poland), there has
been an intermittent artillery du?l. On
the left bank of the Vistula, southwest
of Radoszcicze skirmishes on April
25th ended in our favor.
"In the Carpathians on the 25th the
enemy, after long artillery preparation
assaulted the heiits northeast of
Oroszepatak. The storming parties got
as far as the barbed wire entangle
ments, where' they were mowed don
by our fire. On the night of April 25
26 the enemy delivered fruitless at
tacks in the region to the northwest
and to the east of Uzsok Pass.
"Our aircraft have dropped bombs on
German aeroplanes and an aerodrome
near the village of Sanniki. During
the day we damaged and captured "two
German and Austrian aeroplanes."
EXPORTING OF COTTON
From the United Kingdom by
British Government
Prohibition Covers All Foreign Ports of
Europe Except Those of France,
Russia, . Spain and Portugal
Reason for Order.
. London, April 27. Exportation o'f
raw cotton from the -United Kingdom
was specifically prohibited in a spe
cial supplement of the official gazette
issued today.
The prohibition covers all foreign
ports in Europe and on the Mediterra
nean and Black seas, except those of
France, Russia, Spain and Portugal.
Russian ports on the Baltis are includ
ed in the prohibited areas.
The demand of the British public for
a specific prohibition against exporta
tion of cotton has been insistent, . but
the government heretofore has con
tended that the export has been pre
vented by the general blockade against
Germany. ' - ' '-. . ,
HAS
BEEN
PROHIBITED
. ' , VUl-illi U-AIoHjIC 39,1oo
Has Japan Modified Original
Set is Question Uppermost
PUBLIC IS INTERESTED
Chinese President and His Advisers
Have Examined New Document, But
No Decision Has Been Reached
at Peking in the Matter.
Peking, April 28. With the ..ew
draft of the Japanese demands on
China in the hands of the Chinese for
eign minister, interest' is aroused in
the nature of the modifications Japan
has made in the original document.
President Yuan Shi Kai and his advis
ers have examined the demands as
amended, but no decision has been
reached, and they are likely to be the
subject of further discussions.
Group one and group four of the orig
inal demands have not been altered
from the form to which the Chinese
government already has agreed. Group
one relates to Shan Tung province and
group four relates to leasing to a third
power any island, port or harbor along
the China coast.
The group dealing with South Man
churia to six articles of which China
also has agreed, remains unchanged.
The second article of group three, bear
ing on property rights and interests of
the Hanyeh-PIng Company, is eliminat
ed but the fourth article of that group
is made stronger from the Japanese
viewpoint by requiring that China shall
promptly compel shareholders of the
Hanyeh-Ping Company to accept the
formation of a joint company, which
shall include the two nations.
More Menacing .Than Ever.
The new draft entirely reconstructs
group five in a manner which the Chi
nese representatives declare is more
menacing because, they say the amend
ments are based on statements which
Lu Chang Hsiang, the Chinese orfeign
minister, made in the conference with
the Japanese minster Eki Hioki, and
M. Obata, and which, it is alleged, the
Japanese are attempting to designate
as pledges from China, Further it is
declared that the Chinese foreign min
ister -permitted. himself to be drawn into
a discussion of the"se deriiandsr which
Yuan Shi Kai had instructed him to
refuse to discuss.
Group five comprises seven articles
relating to the employment by the Chi
nese government of Japanese as ad
visers in political, financial and mili
tary affairs; supervision of the Chi
nese police, the right of Japanese own
ership of land or the building of ships,
railroads and schools, the purchase of
munitions of war from Japan, various
railway and mining rights, as well as
the right by the Japanese to propagate
Buddism in China.
With reference to Article I of group
five Japan' requires a note from China
declaring that when any important
crisis arises China shall ask Japan
to appoint many Japanese advisers." I
This peculiar wording is the undertak
ing to which, .the Japanese state, Lu
Chen Hiang committed himself.
In Article II of group five Japan now
requires the right either to rent or
! ltt,-ilf ",dS;
The Chinese express
as being far from satis-
fled with this because this article
which is a separate clause from that
relating to Buddhism would have the
effect of opening the entirev country to
the" Japanese individually, as well as
under religious societies.
One Article Withdrawn.
Article III of Group five, relating to
police admission has been withdrawn,
but Japan now requires the appoint
ment of police advisers and also joint
Chinese-Japanese tribunals for land
disputes in Manchuria, besides ex-ter-ritoriallity,
to which the Japanese, like
other foreigners are everywhere privi
leged .
The new requirement of Article four
of this group is .also based on a com
mitment, into which Lu Cheng Hsiang
is said to have allowed himself to be
drawn, namely, that China shall send
a delegation of military men to Japan
to adopt a procedure for the purchase
of arms and the conduct of China's ar
senals. The new draft of article five says
that China must grant to Japan the
right to build the' railways demanded,
subject to Japan reporting an arrange
ment with an unnamed power (Great
Britain) or she must grant Japan these
concessions unless it can be shown that
they already have been granted to an
other power. -
Article six of group five as amended
says that China must give Japan a
pledge that no foreign power shall re
ceive a concession and that no foreign
capital-shall be employed in the prov
ince of Fukien without Japan's con
sent. Regarding Buddhism, as set forth In
Article VII, China must recognize Jap
an's right to discuss this at a future
date.
The four articles in the new Mon
golia group provide: First. No foreign
loans may be secured by Mongolian
taxes without Japan's consent; second,
no railway concessions can be granted
without Japan's' consent; third, the op
ening of a number of treaty ports is
required; fourth, farming privileges to
last a year. !
Japan already has secured conces
sions for the construction of four rail- !
ways in Mongolia.
When on Monday last Lu Cheng
Hslan'g received the new draft of the
demands, he wished to discuss the
question with the Japanese minister,
but M. Kiokl replied that his instruc
tions were not to enter into a discus
sion. New York, April 27. Decided im
provement in the steel and iron indus
try is seen in the financial statement
of the United States Steel Corporation
for the first quarter of 1915, ' issued
today- " It shows March earnings were
$9,004,136. as against $4,511,058 in Feb
ruary and $2,563,176 in January..
Says Public Opinion in Amer
ica Not the Least Neutral.
DISCUSSES GAS BOMBS
Former German Colonial Secretary
Declares That Allies First Used
the Gas Bomb and. Xo Com
ment America Unfair.
New York, April 2S. Dr. Bernard
Dernberg, former colonial secretary of
the German Empire, in a statement is
sued here today sharply criticised the
attitude of ( the American press in the
war and cited specifically the comment
of American- newspapers oh the use of
asphyxiating gases.
"Early in November of last year,"
says the statement, "long reports were
published of an astounding French in
vention for the purpose of axphixiating
enemies by nauseating gases contained
inthe shells. All details were given
and a great deal was made of..the prob
able effects on the foe, and the ending
of the war in favor of the Allies, in
consequence of this invention, was pre
dicted . with a great deal of satisfac
tion. "No exception has been taken to that
ase in America. No inquiry has been
addressed to the French correspond
ents of the papers, whether the news
was true or not. No denial of these
charges, however often repeated, has
been made by the Allies.
Allies Used It First.
"But as soon as the Germans used
the same kind of weapon in the battle
around Ypres the denunciation of Ger
many for following the practice of her
adversaries has been rampant and the
"most invective sort of eDithets have
been employed. The rights of nations
have been violated and The Hague
conference was called into the field
again to prove the utter disregard of
all rules of civilized warfare by my
country.
"This is exactly what Germany com
plains of, that" the press of this coun
try very often measures with two
standards, that what is sauce for the
goose is not sauce for the gander. This
is why Germans protect, and why they
do not, believe in the impartiality of
public opinion in .this country and why
they do not take kindly to the attitade
of the -United-States to play a mediat
ing role in the present world strug
gle." . .
KITCHENER ON GAS BOMBS.
Declares Germany Has Stooped
Methods That Stain Her Record
to
London, April 27. War Secretary
Kitchener, in the House of Lords today,
referred to the use by the German arm
ies in the West of asphyxiating bombs.
He declared that Germany had "stoop
ed to acts which surely will stain in
delibly her military history."
"Germany has for many years posed
before the civilized world as a great
military nation," declared Lord Kitch
ener. "She has abundantly proved her
military skill and courage. But surely
It was also for her to set up a standard
of military honor and conduct which
would gain the respect, if not the
friendship, of nations. Instead, she has
stooped to acts which surely will stain
indelibly her military history and which
would vie with the barbarous savagery
of the dervishes of Sudan.
"I do not think there can be a sol
dier of any nationality, even amongst
the Germans themselves, who is not
heartily ashamed of the slur which has
j been thus brought upon the profession
of arms. The usages of war have not
only been outraged by the infliction of
cruelties on British prisoners, but by a
contrivance which must have arrested
your lordship's attention, the Germans
have in the last week introduced a
method of placing their opponents hors
(Continued on Page Eight.)
APRIL RECORDS BROKEN
Middle Atlantic States to Swel
. ter for Several Days.
Thunder Storms Followed by Cooler
Weather' Predicted for First Few
Days of May ky the Weather
Bureau at Washington.
Washington, April 27. The heat
wave of the last few days, which broke j
April records in many places, had mod
erated tonight. Reports to the Weather
Bureau tonight gave these records as
the highest ever recorded in April:
Richmond, Va., 96 degrees; Wash
ington, D. C, Hartford, Conn., Albany,
N. Y. and New York City 90, Wythe-
ville, Va., 88 and Asheville 86.
Previous high - records for April
were equalled at Philadelphia with 92
degrees and Atlantic City 84.
Generally fair weather throughout
the country except for some thunder
storms and scattered showers was re
ported today by the weather bureau for
the week beginning Wednesday. The
hot spell over the East will be broken
by Saturday or Sunday.
"n the Middle Atlantic States," says
the forecast, "temperatures will aver
age considerably above the normal, al
though there will be a change to lower
temperature the latter half of the
week. Generally fair weather the first
half of the week will probably be fol
lowed by showers and. local thunder
storms between the first and fourth."
HEAT WAVE
MODERATES
As Result of Reserve Banking
System Will Laugh Soon.
SAYS GOVERNOR HAMLIN
Head of the Federal Reserve Board
Addresses Delegates to Southern
Commercial Congress nt
Muskogee Speakers
Muskogee, Okla., April 27. The
country is smiling with prosperity as
a result of the Federal Reserve Act,
and as the system grows older fhe
smile will grow into a laugh, accord
ing to Charles .S. Hamlin, Governor of
the Federal Reserve Bank Board, who
sp6ke before the Southern Commercial
Congress here, today.
Mr. Hamlin pointed out that while
formerly "we had the worst financial
system in the civilized world, we now
have the soundest."
He answered advocates of a single
centralized bank by asserting that be
cause of the large territory involved,
12 decentralized banks are preferable
to one centralized bank and that the
Federal Reserve Board holds all the
authority of a centralized bank.
"A financial panic such as that of
1907 is now impossible," Mr. Hamlin
continued.
"In time of financial stringency, a
farmer deserving of credit can get it.
We have a real elastic, a real local,
liquid currency. The Federal Reserve
Board is empowered at such times to
put out enormous, sums sufficient to
dispute any idea of panic."
Need be More Provident.
Dr. Charles Brand, chief of the di
vision of markets and rural organiza
tion of the United States Department
of Agriculture declared that th Soutn
ern farmer and ranchman has realiz
ed the need of being more provident.
The time is passing,' he said, when
products of the farm and ranch are
shipped to market and then brought
back as foodstuffs.
"Co-operative societies throughout
the South are being organized to utilize
home products. J As the result the farm
promises to hold the young people by
offering a broader life," he said.
"Bridge "the gap between the ordi
nary country boy and girl and the ag
ricultural college or industrial insti
tute and you' have accomplished much
toward the solution of the farm prob
lem," was the advice offered by H. E.
Blakeslee, commissioner of agriculture
for Mississippi, another speaker.
Although the place of the 1916
meeting of the Southern Commercial
Congress will not be determined until
a meeting of the Board of Directors,
several months after "the close of the
present convention, spirited contests
already have arisen. Overtures have
been received from Little Rock, Ark.;
Cincinnati, Charleston, S. C; Chatta
nooga, Tenn.; Roanoke, Va.; Raleigh,
N. C. ; Baltimore, St. Louis and Rich
mond. Agriculture as a sectional problem,
railroad rates and the work of the Fed
eral Department or Agriculture
through its national marketing com
mittee, were the leading topics dis
cussed at the morning session of the
congress. The attendance was largely
increased by the arrival of scores of
delegates who were unable to attend
the opening meetings.
"Cash markets for locally grown
produce should be established; the
country is the important thing and in
lending a hand to help the country to
prosperity, a city is helping itself to
prosperity," declared Mr. Bradford
Knapp, head of the Farmers Co-Oper-ative.
Division of the United States De
partment of Agriculture.
To Col. Robert M. Mixson, a planter
of South Carolina, the American farm
er generally is "like an ostrich that
sticks his head in the sand and won't
see." He asserted that the farmer of
today refuses to use business judgment
and supply that for whlchji there is a
demand in such quantities as are need
ed. Colonel Mixson urged the protection,
through governmental or state agen
cies, of agriculture in the Southern
cotton states by warehouse systems
modelled, after that of South Carolina,
under which a farmer may store his
crop and obtain a certificate of storage
on which he can negotiate a loan.
National Marketing Committee.
Speaking in the interest of the Na
tional Market Committee organized at
Washington last autumn to seek legis
lation to create a National Council of
Agriculture, Representative William S.
Goodwin, of Arkansas, told the South
ern Commercial Congress here today
that billions of dollars worth of Amer
ican farm products annually go to
waste. "So long as one bushel of po
tatoes is unmarketed or a hungry man
is unfed," he said, "we have an imper
fect distributing system."
Representative Goodwin said that
the ultimate consumer pays one dollar
for the same agricultural products for
which the grower receives but 35 cents,
the 65 cents being consumed by clumsy,
inadequate distributive methods allow
ing waste and decay. He predicted that
if a market could be found for all agri
cultural products, railroad dividends
would be the order of the day, increas
ed employement on railroads and farms
would follow and Immense increases
would be rolled up in the national
wealth. He urged amarketing system
modeled after the German or Danish
plans, with national, state, county and
townships co-operating to bring pro
ducers and consumers nearer.
GERMAN SHIP dAPTlRED.
Thought to be the Last Merchant Ship
of That Nation Free in Pacific.
Melbourne, via London, April 27. It
is announced officially that a British
warship has captured the German trad-,
ing steamer Elfriede, believed to be the
last German ship free in the Pacific.
Available shipping data contain no
record of a German vessel named El
Frlede ' ' 1 ' "
r