North Carolina Newspapers

rrn THE WEATHER Complete Service H generally fair Friday and Saturday. of the Associated Press A.'D.1867 Stair OL. XCIX-KO. 337. - Aj Tvr Unanimous uecisiuu wu UJ Committee Alter inree Days' Deliberation PGURES BASED ON CHICAGO food Administration Works Out Prices for Different Grades at the Terminals HOPE TO STABILIZE MABKET w Prices Will Permit of 14 Ounce Loaf for Five Cents Washington, Aug. 30. The iriieat was fixed at $2.20 a bushel n, j? 4.1, 1(117 .nnsv-n -rAn--. by the wheat, fair price committee, leaded by H. A. Garfield, whose adin?s. reached after three days' deliberation, .were submitted to and approved by President Wil- oil. I iie annouiiceiiieiii was maue from the White House. Approved Unanimously. Labor representatives on the com- hittee voted first for 51.84 and the iarir.ers for $2.50. After long discus sion the compromise at. $2.20 was ap rroved. unanimously. The committee -ally agreed late this afternoon lifter several days of voting. At one time today k looked as if it would be sable to come to a conclusion, 4jut :t before six o'clock a compromise ws reached and the last vote was unanimous. On the base of ?2.20 at Chicago, the food Administration worked out to Light differentials for the various I wades and classes and for the several terminals. The ' price " fixed tonight is twenty jfeats higher than that named for the iSlS crop by Congress in the food con trol bill. The ?2 price set by Congress as taken into consideration by the committee in considering a fair valu ation for this year's crop. To Keep Prices Down. In a statement aceomnanvlne- ty,a I-ancement of the price President son declares it is the hope of the "JM Administration, and his own as tnat the fivincr nr ,jh toi;ize the market and keeD Driees I'USn the mnrtorata l... J -r v. . u. i. uuuiius iur ail Price of flour a nri ko i- - 'lent declares, will be kept down. irie COmmittac I- . ., I 111 report to tne icent. gave as the three r.hfff nnn- iaerationsthat nr juw I 1111.1 itO UC11U" Stt.hV.ll0Wln8: The fact that f Inited States is at war. the K Lne Proaucer, and the necessity- of redlining v, enrnnr!io.; . I IT? in ,U I.11G UUBl ui nv 8 the COnsnmop All V, 5feea in their Hi,c;nn. .i... J? j1" Permit of a fourteen 4 J f f bread for five cent, al an'L! a!r pront hoth to the flour -Lurer and the baker. Top Pp,ce D'fferentlaJLu. &5TeEe fiffere'al8 worked out S 1 ritavministratlon tonight are: Tter hJo frd winer, $2.24; hard 1 vr' l20; red winter baC !nn? oV ' aaric isorrnern ick, iV(i 1 rvd sprln&. 2-18; hump aic j'-.onambur rtururn, J2.24; durum ni'j' .r'V Jed durum, $2.13; red "'ft Vh'ul ' , rd white basic, $2.20; X-:ofea;,''18: White clul. 52.16. v. J ,iw grade Ls three cents less; -V-1.1.B less; iso. 4 ten cents 4?IVvm"ket ba8is: Chicago. Gal- 1-7 and r urleans' hasic; Kansas 'i- r.i muaha' flve cent less than Witl . and Minneapolis, three I s 'York t "u'' lwo cents less; - . I'M f.M ir. A Itimorp T z more than basic; e- r,,- , Philadelphia, nine cents Thha,. nve cents more. I1, rprt Z:. 5rales are No. 1 hard win- Pnler and northern spring. .A'a4hBet 1:,1,fflnl . I-'ernniPT,t "s are nxea on iniSrr"L purchase only, the Food I T,ri'ion V ' LIirousn its wheat cor ntroi STn,tl3r orsanized, expects Th ",ai"i wimout aim- ,0vertimen- w,poration will make all under allied purchases and :'r miii"Pr, cosideration plans to buy ti,, . , L rves as oroRer be- 'r'e corr,n.frm,nal and the flour mills lfvirt, a, ',n wm become purchaser :.'o3. -v 311 of the country's wheat rrs of th e committee said to- r!tici?m ' "-Peered a great deal o V felt ,i farmers, but that "-ry nf tv ol lne war ma- rinn,rl, eminent ana willing rst of .v, 1 1 of hls Profits in the .1 o of the cc 'airs ; r -mmon good. .ittPe !ment to the President the m in n . V. cne tactors consid- Chief among s. t mounting cost of liv- .''sifleraf. f Proluction W8''le attention. . E came in for of "ill! HIT - - . - -...ito aim Clio studied data supplied by ft. 5efixinr,TUee'8 wor ended with :htt "; p"ce- One member, R. '1 din ' t '-narieston. S. C wa ill COMMITTEE FIXES $2.20 BASIC PRICE PER BUSHEL TO BE ALLOWED FOR 1917 WHEAT CROP Most Desirable Camp Site East of Mississippi River LOYAL RUSSIANS REPULSE ATTACKS Gap Made by Desertions West of Fokshani is Being Filled Up With Other Men KERENSKY GIVES WARNING Says Cowards Who Throw Down Their Guns Will Be Put to Death New Advances Made by the Italian Forces. (Associated Press War Summary.) While the Russians west of Fokshani again have deserted their posts, there by permitting the Teutonic allies to make further gains, in the regions of Ocna and Kezdi-Vasarhely they are giving battle to the invaders and on both sectors have repulsed strong at tacks. Between Ireshti and Fokshani a majority of the men comprising two Russian regiments deserted their trenches and fled but the Russian com manders have taken steps to restore the former status of the line by filling the gap with loyal men. Following the reports of fresh dis- affection among the Russians on the east Bukowina front, which came prior to the commencement of the retro grade movement in southern Moldavia, Premier Kerensky in a speech at the closing session of the Moscow confer ence let it be known again that order was.tpjje. .brought, out of the chaos-by putting to death of the cowards who threw down their arms in the face of the enemy. The possibility that the rule of "blod and iron" already has begun with the desertions before Fokshani is indicated in the latest Russian offi cial communication which says that one of the .cowardly regiments was "dispersed." As is usual when the Ger mans see a faltering among their forc es, they have thrown into the battle line in Moldavia some of their tried attacking troops. On the Bainsizza plateau of the Austro-Italian theatre General Cadorna is giving the Austrians no rest, keep ing up his intensive attacks along the entire front. New gains of consider able importance in the general scheme of the Italian commander-in-chief s of fensive have been made and at several points where the Austrians have etrlv- pactions during the current year, ed to hold back the Italians or to re- -"c Price Of flnur l, j. .... ! i i capture lost positions, they have been repulsed. More than 500 new prison ers have been taken by the Italians. On the front in France and Belgium no important engagements hav- tak en place. ANGRY CITIZENS DRIVE PACIFISTS FROM TOWN Members of People's Conference for Democracy ,and Peace Not Allow ed to Hold Convention. St. Paul, Minn., Aug. 30. Five mem bers of the People's Conference for Democracy and Peace who went to Hudson, Wis., today to arrange for holding the council's national conven tion, were placed on a truck by an angry crowd of 1,000 citizens, escorted to the depot and placed on a train bound for St. Paul, according to a tel ephone message received from the sher iff at Hudson. Plans Virtually Abandoned. Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 30. Plans for holding the convention of the Peo ple's Conference of America for De mocracy and Peace at Hudson, Wis., were yirtually abandoned tonight by Louis P. Iiochner, executive secretary of the council", who returned here shortly before midnight from Hudson, where he was escorted to a train by citizens. PRIVATE ALLISON MORTALLY WOUNDED BY HECTOR H. RICH Member of Company P Shot While Leaving: Home of Young Lady. Asheville, N. C, Aug. 30. On the eve of his departurefor a training camp, William A. Allison, a member of Com pany F, North Carolina National Guard was shot and mortally wounaea to night by Hector H. Rich, a local bar ber. The shooting is said o have been the outcome of ill reeling oausea Dy the fact that both men were paying attention to a young lady of this city. It is stated that as Rich was leaving the young lady's house shortly after ten o'clock Allison approached and was shot by Rich. The bullet struck Allison between the eyes and he died four hours later at a local hospital. Rich walked to police headquarters af ter the shooting and was locked up. He is said to have stated that Allison had repeatedly threatened his life. Checker Tournament Ends. Charlotte. N. C, Aug. 30. The tenth annual tournament of the Southern Checkers Association was concluded here today, F .B. Fishburne, of Colum bia, S. C, winning the cnampioiship of the South. Second place weijt to, WILMINGTON, K. AS THE Estimate Said to Have Been Plac ed Upon Fayetteville by a High Army Official HAS INSPECTED LOCATIONS Camp Practically Certain to be Placed at Upper Cape Fear City to be Permanent POU STANDS BY NEWSPAPER Declares Proposition to Increase Their Burdens Unjust (By Parker R. Anderson.) Washington, Aug. 30. It was learn ed at the War Department today that one of the highest officials in the army, who has inspected the camp sites at Fayetteville, had made a report say ing Fayetteville is the most .desirable camp location east of the Mississippi river. This officer reports that tere is more water around B'ayetteville than any other city in the State and in addition there is 170,000 acres good sandy loam soil suitable for drill purposes and also accommodations for a rifle range, something the War Department is ex- f , S , . "paUSae,Ll 18 ex llmy &Hxlo"s to e- he pes f the Fayetteville people therefore are higher than ever before and they are confident that at least one of the reg ular camps for training the draft armies will be established at that point. AU of, the National Guardsment jiow fn "t'faTrirrig" in "this country will' bo in France within sixty days frm the time they arrive at tneir training camps. Those cities which have been awarded National Guard camps will more than likely be without soldiers after the Guardsmen entrain for France. The camp which the government ex pects to establish at Fayetteville will be of a more permanent institution. The drafted men will be trained at this camp and as fast as one consignment i-s ready for service others will take their places; in other words, if Fay etteville gets a camp she will have troops there until long after the war ends. Secretary Baker congratulated the Fayetteville committee on this point and told them they are extreme ly lucky in not getting the camp which the city was originally recommended for, but which was switched to Char lotte at the last moment for some un known reason. ' Pon Stands by Newsnapecs. Representative Pou is one man from North Carolina who s going to stand by the newspaper publishers and re fuse to vote for the heavy tax which a number of congressmen are endeav oring to place on newspapers. Mr. Pou said today that there never was -a more unjust proposition than the proposition to increase the already heavy expenses of the newspapers at this time. Mr. Pou pointed to the fact that pub lishers are already carrying a heavy burden and have profited little, if any, from the war. He believes it a grave injustice to place any additional tax upon newspapers now except that which ls placed upon all other corpo rations of the country. Mr. Pou pointed to the fact that prac tically every publisher in the United States has been most libera! in hand ling reading notices and other litera ture to make the Liberty Bond a suc ce3s. He ventured the prediction that not a single newspaper in the country charged the government a penny for this service. He declared there was every reason in the world why the government should encourage the newspapers. They have built up a bus iness on the assumption that they would be given a reasonable Dostal rate and in the meantime the newspa pers of the country, he thinks, have done more than any other one thing to help make the United States the biggest and greatest country in the world. GARFIELD TO OUTLINE HIS POLICY TOWARD COAL CONTROL Washington, Aug. 31. A statement outlining his policy toward coal con trol will be issued soon, possibly to morrow, Dr. H. A. Garfield, fuel ad ministrator, said tonight. Dr. Garfield held an hour's conference today with directors of the national association of coal operators, some of whom ater ex nressed the opinion that the fuel ad ministration misrht suggest a , number of changes in the present scale of pric es to smooth out inequalities. The operators will make no state ment' as to their position until after Dr. Garfield has announced the coal administration's policy. STEAMER VERDI PROBABLY SUNK WITH LOSS OF 6 LIVES An Atlantic Port, Aug. 30. Word has been received here indicating that the British 7,000 ton steamship Verdi has been sunk with the loss of six of her crew. The Verdi left here for an English port in August with cargo but no passengers. Her crew numbered 112. A cable message to the owners of the Verdi refers to all the members of the crew having been saved with the exception of six, but gives no de tails, . . L. 0H FRIDAY 4 1NG, nrnnrrp ntuntio ys mm that AROUSED DANIELS Navy League Now Convinced Na vy Department Did Not Ham per Probe at Mare Island ACCEPTS BOARD'S REPORT Expresses Regret Over Its Manner in Referring to Alleged Labor Activities Washington, Aug. 30. In a statement today, the Navy League announced its acceptance of the report of the naval board on the Mare Island explosion and expresses regret that, in a former statement, it gave currency to an opin ion that the investigation was being hampered by the Navy Department under the influence of powerful labor interests. The former statement led to the bitter controversy between the league and Secretary Daniels. The league's statement also regrets that in referring to labor influence it was not made clear thit it did not re fer to the standard la,bor unions, but to "the Germanized E- W. W." The statement, issued with 'the approval of Col. Robert M. Thompson, president of the league, says theivbrganization is convinced there were ho "hampering instructions or restrictive direction as to the method of investigation." While the Navy Department was in vestigating the explosfOn which killed five and injured more than 30 in July, the league issued a statement declar ing a reliable informajit had told it that a time fuse leadlife to the black powder magazine had feen found but that the investigation s being block ed by p-.werful labor The issuance of the e a bittev controversy Daniels who at once cu fluences. tement caused th Secretary 11 connections with the Navy League; rdered all of its members excluded frop naval ships or stations and refusedjto accept for the navy contributionsjljfr comforts be ing mada-. er--amen:ify rtbstreaTftta-Tof women throughout the country. The official report of the Mare Island disaster, made puolic a iittle later, con firmed the finding of the time fuse, charged a criminal conspiracy by per sons unknown, but denied that the in vestigators worked under any rescric tions. The league's acknowledgment and expression of regrets now is expected to lead to a resumption of relations with the navy. FALLS HEIR TO FORTUNE IF HE MARRIES IN A YEAR Chattanooga, Aug. 30. Charles Hoff man, private in Company K, 52nd Unit ed States Infantry, at Fort Oglethorpe, has been notified that he has fallen heir to a fortune of $1,500,000 by the death of his uncle, Marvin Royce, of Detroit, Mich. Hoffman is 23 years old and has led the life of a soldier of fortune for some years. His father, Fred Hoffman, is a wealthy chair manufacturer of Detroit. A provision of the will of the deceased uncle provides that in order to secure the fortune young Hoffman must marry within a year. KILLS BROTHER-IN-LAW. Tragedy Takes Place In the Country Near Raleigh. Raleigh, N. C, Aug. 30. William Hicks, aged 21, shot and killed his brother-in-law, Calvin Faison, aged 28, this afternoon in the country near here. When overtaken by officers sev eral hours later he said that Faison was advancing on him in a threaten ing manner after he had rebuked him for mistreatment of Mrs. Faison, Hicks' sister. BROKEN FOR PLATE PUNT Daniels Speaks at Ceremonies At tended by Thousands Declares Plants at Charleston, W. Va. Will Be Realisation of Dreams of Statesmen for the Past Twenty Years. Charleston, W. va., Aug. 30. With ceremonies attended by thousands of people from several sections of the State, ground was broken on the 211 acre site in South Charleston this, af ternoon by Secretary of the Navy Dan iels for the government armor plato and projectile plant. On this site, the government will spend approximately $22,000,000. Previous to breaking the ground, former United Dtates Senator Wm. E. Chilton gave a resume of the big un dertaking. Governor John J. Corn well, of West Virginia, said the occa sion marked an epoch in the State and Nation. Secretary Daniels was introduced and said . the administration was ac tively engaged -in promoting the dream of statesmen for the past 20 years. "Agitation was started more than 20 years ago," said Secretary Daniels, "for government ownership of these plants. One of the principal reasons was the fact that three manufacturers with no tCoatlnued. on Page Twq.) i nun GROUND ARMOR AUGUST 31, 1917 WILL TAKE FINAL VOTE ON WAR TAX BILL BY SEPT. 10 Senate Enters Into Unanimous Consent Agreement Instead of Resorting to Cloture DAY OF SPIRITED DEBATE Simmons Upholds the Measure in Face of Strong Opposition. Amendments Offered Washington, Aug. 30. An agreement was reached by the Senate late today to take a final vote on the war tax bill not later than Monday, September 10, and the cloture petition filed yes terday was withdrawn. The Senate's agreement, formally en tered Into by unanimous consent, also provides for disposition of the war profits section not later than Wednes day of next week and of the. income tax provisions not later than the fol lowing Friday, September 7. It pro vides for earlier action if the debate ends sooner than expected. The agreement was reached after a day of spirited debate between Sena tor Simmons and Underwood on war profits, and after Senator LaFollette had blocked an effort to fix next Mon day as the day for a vote. If the de bate runs through Until September 10, the bill will have been under Senate jurisdiction just one month. It pass ed the House May 23. Anticipating possible adoption of cloture, many amendments wers intro duced late in the day. Senators Jlollis, Gore and Brady sponsored provisions to increase the war profits levy to rates ranging from 50 to 66 2-3 per cent and Senator LaFollette presented a substitute bill designed to raise about $3,500,000,000 principally from war profits, incomes and liquor taxa tion. Denouncing "money slackers," Sena tor Underwood said the committee's wax- prpftts-scheme- would worifcjnany injustices, exempt many large corpora tions' earnings and was "full of dark places." He opposed principally the graduated rates and the basis of cal culating profits. Senator Simmons attacked the Bank head substitute as an alleged exemp tion of such wealth from taxation. He said it was an excess rather than a war profits plan, while the committee proposal combined both. Exemption from taxation of divi dends declared by banks and trust companies out of surplus and undi vided profits accumulated or earned prior to March 1, 1918, was proposed in an amendment by Senator Pomer- ene. Anotner Dy senator nansaeii would put a tax on cigarettes, ranging from 2 cents on those retailed for not more than flve cents to 50 per cent on those sold at 25 cents or more. PROMINENT PARMER KILLED WHEN TRAIN HITS AUTO. Dave C. Goff Loses His Life on A. C L. Track at Rocky Mount. (Special Star Telegram.) Rocky Mount, N. C, Aug. 30. In an attempt to cross the railroad track of the Atlantic Coast Line before train No. 49, from Norfolk, at the Cokey road crossing, Dave C. Goff was instantly killed and his car demolished. Accord ing to eye witnesses, the accident was caused by Mr. Goff's failure to see the oncoming train before he moved onto the track at a moderate speed. The machine was dragged nearly a block after being struck by the train. Mr. Goff was dead when the train was brought to a standstill. He is a prom inent farmer of Edgecombe county and is survived by a family of four boys and two girls. DELIVERED TO SENATE Viscount Ishii Says His Country is in the War to Stay Will Fight Shoulder to ShouMcr AVIti America to a Certain Victory Address. Read in EnsrHsh, Frequently Applauded. Washington, Aug. 30. A message of fellowship and good will from Japan Was delivered to the Senate today by Viscount Ishii, ambassador on special mision, with an assurance that Japan is in the war to stay and to fight shoulder to shoulder with America to a certain victory. In a tribute to Thomas Jefferson and the American ideal of life, Viscount Ishii told the senators that the Ja panese ideal of national life, in its final analysis, was not so very far re moved from theirs. ' "We conceive of our nation as a vast family," he said, "held together not by the arbitrary force of armed men, but by the force of a natural development." The ambassador and other members of the mission were received on the floor of the Senate with formal cere mony by Senator Saulsbury, president pro tem., in the absence of Vice Presr ident Marshall. Ishii's address, read In English, frequently was interrupted by hearty -applause from senators and .spectators. MESSAGE FROM JAPAN AMERICAN WARSHIPS NOW ARE CONVOYING VESSELS OF ALLIES CHILD LABOR LAW ARGUED AT LENGTH Two Speeches Yesterday for Con stitutionality and One Against at Greensboro JUDGE BYNUM TO BE HEARD Prof. Parkinson Declares Congress, Power Over Interstate Commerce Unlimited When National Good is Involved. Greensboro, N. C, Aug. 30. Arguing the constitutionality of the Keating- Owen Child Labor law before Fed eral Judge J. E. Boyd here today. Professor Thomas I. Parkinson, of Co lumbia University, declared that the "power of Congress over interstate commerce, is unlimited when the na tional good is concerned." ' ' He said that the employment of child labor is an "evil which may not be sustained successfully; a growing men ace and one whose effects have been glaringly displayed since physicians have begun to test out the manhood of the nation for the selective draft army." Professor Parkinson, who aided in the construction and passage of the Child Labor law, replied to the conten - tion of those opposing it that the actI"oiei:uon oel"5 supplemented, wnen was for other purposes than the dis couragement of child labor in the cot ton mills and other large industries of the country. He declared frankly to the court that there was no other object in the minds of its friends. Three speeches were made today in the case. District Attorney W. C. Hammer spoke briefly in support of the law; W. M. Hendren, of Winston Salem, spoke against the1 constitution ality of the act, and Professor Parkin son in support of it. One additional argument remained to be made when court recessed late today. Judge W. P. Bynum, of Greensboro, representing the plaintiffs, will close the argument tomorrow. Mr. Hendren, arguing against the constitutionality of the act, ridiculed the presumption that Congress should set the task for itself of helping a state in its competitive manufacturing struggle with another by means of the police regulative sort. "If Con gress is to start into the work of equalizing economic conditions," he said, "then it might begin with the equalization of the interest rate of 3 per cent in New York and 6per cent in North Carolina." Mr. Hendren declared he was neither federalist nor state's rights advocate in any rabid degree, but pleaded for an open, frank attitude toward constitutional limita tions. "If the people believe that Con gress should have the power it seeks to weild through this law let that body by covert act violate the Intent of the constitution as it stands,' he said. In view of the fact that the law goes into effect September 1, it is expected that shortly after the argument is con cluded tomorrow Judge Boyd will ren der his opinion, either holding that the law is unconstitutional and grant ing a restraining order to stay the op eration of the law or else deny the pe tition for an injunction. In either event, it is stated that the case will be taken to the Supreme Court of the United States. BOND AND CERTIFICATE BILL IS AGREED UPON Eleven and a Half Billion Dollar Meas ure Will be Favorably Reported to House Next Week. Washington, Aug. 30. The $11,538, 045,640 war bond and certificate bill will be favorably reported to the House Saturday in virtually the same form that it was presented t the Ways and Means committee by Secretary McAdoo and will be passed probably next Wed nesday. Republican opposition to the measure disappeared today when administration leaders agreed to minor compromises. Tentative arrangements are that the bill shall be reported to the House with tliese outstanding provision: Bonds to bear 4 per cent interest; bonds, certifi cates of indebtedness and war savings certificates to be subject at least to income supertaxes, but not to normal inrnme or war Drofits tax, interest rates on war savings certificates and certificates of indebtedness to be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury; for eign bonds taken in exchange for loans to be re-sold at not less than their purchase price and the Secretary to make no deposits of monies accru ing from bonds or certificates without obtaining interest. NEW OFFICERS GRADUATE. Members of 1918 Class at West Point Receive Diplomas. West Point, N. Y., Aug. 30. Advice as to their responsibilities toward the conscripted men they will soon com mand was given to the newly made of ficers of the military academy grad uating class here today by Secretary Baker. The men are of the 1918 class but were given their diplomas ten months ahead of time. Cyril C. Courture, of New York, who was the honor man of the class, was not given his diploma pending the out come of a court martial to hear charges of breach of the regulations made agalnet him. In the same plight was John T. Bell, ofPetersburg, Va. AVHOIiE NUMBER 39,157 Fleets of Merchantmen Being Reg ularly Escorted on Trips Across the Atlantic BIG DECREASE IN LOSSES U-Boat Sinkings of Convoyed Ships Average Less Than , One-Half of One Per Cent MANY DEVICES ARE USED Submarines Forced to Remain Sub merged at Great Depths Washington, Aug. 20. Ameri can naval forces are convoying merchant craft across the Atlan tic, it was disclosed officially to day at the Navy Department, and examination of records shows that the loss of convoyed ships by sub marines has averaged less than one-half of one per cent. Details Withheld. Details of the convoy system are withheld. It was stated, however, that American war vessels are regularly es corting fleets of British, French, or ftthpr nlliarl m Ar rH a n't m on arrra tHa 1 4. . , ' t the danger zone is reached, by the de stroyers and other patrol craft. American naval officials belie've that6 an effective system for checking the submarine menace is being built up gradually but certainly. . Many devices and many methods enter Into the task. Among other things depth bonbs are proving effective. Official reports indi cate that American destroyers have accounted for several U-boats with these weapons. No announcement of such incidents will be made, however, unless absolute proof of the fact is available. No U-boat has been captured by the Americans. Reports from London that the submarines are working now far ther at sea than formerly were con firmed by the Navy Department. H may be that new boats of greater size and better sea-keeping qualities lend to this extension of the zone of activi ties, but it is regarded as more proba ble that the increased and increasing vigilance of the anti-submarine forces is mainly responsible. U-Boats Forced to Stay Submerged. The effect of the increasing patrol, ot the employment of airplanes and of the add. tion to new devices to the anti submarine weapons, has been to force the U-boats under, water to a greatei :md greater degree. Their eff ectivenest is limited in proportion. They can not run down a merchant ship of average speed if kept under water. They can operate only against ships that almost stumble upon them. And all the time" they are under water they are consum ing the stored power of their storage batteries, decreasing their range of un derwater action and compelling tnem to come UP at night and lie idle on the surface while their oil engines are used to re-charge the batteries. The decision of the Navy Department to spend $350,000,000 on new destroy ers and destroyer building facilities, approved yesterday by President Wil son, is baseT on the effectiveness of the swift fiRhting machines as . proven by Admin; Sims forces. How Depth Bomb is Used. American experts have developed a depth bomb for use against submarines that is deadly at considerable range. The bomb, containing high explosives, is dropped from a destroyer over a spot where the presence of a submerged U-boat is indicated. It is timed to ex plode at a certain depth. If the ex plosion occurs below the U-boat and within a reasonable distajice, the hull of the underwater craft cannot with stand the-pressure, but is crushed like an egg shell. Sign s of the destruction inthis way,. appear on the surface in the shape of oil from ruptured fuel tanks, bits of floating wreckage and the like. It is very difficult, therefore, to be certain of a hit as the Germans on more than one occasion released oil purposely, turned loose wreckage prepared in ad vance and done everything else possi ble to create the impression that a boat has been sunk. Airplanes are being used in conjunc tion with the destroyer work of the Allies along the French coast and in the channel. So far, the American de stroyers have not worked with air craft. Block U-Boat Bases. The under-water radius of the aver age U-boat is less than 150 miles under most favorable conditions? To get that distance it would have to travel at a rate of very few miles an hour. It Ts argued, therefore, that if by means of aircraft, destroyers and all other agen cies for the detection of submarines a zone 150 miles or less in width could be drawn about the German bases of the entrance of the North Sea In which a submarine could com to the surface only at rare Intervals, th Germans would not be able to operate on a scale to threaten supply lines except . insid that zone. . .J tten4 th meetings. Sam-Hill, of, Cliarlo.ttv