i
THE MORNING STAR, WILMINGTON, N. C, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1917.
TWO
GEN. GRONKHITE
Virtually All Increment of 45,000
Now Encamped at Petersburg
With 18,000 Soon to Arrive
ItfEGROES TO ASSEMBLE ALSO
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NOW AT CAMP LEE
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Wlrwt Sunday in Virginia's Cantonment
Passes Quietly and Men Attend
Religious Services in Large
Numbers.
Petersburg, Va.. Sept. 9 Major Gen
eral Albert Cronkhite, formally assum
ed command at Camp Lee here today,
(relieving Brigadier General "Wm. Hall.
Coincident with General Cronkhite's
taking over the camp it was announced
tthat virtually all the first increment
Wf the 45,000 men who will train hero
ifor the new national army are in.
Vamp.
More than 2,000 men comprised the
kfirst contingent and preparations are
under way for the second force which
rwill arrive September 19, about 18,000
ktrong.
Negroes in Second Increment.
The first drafted negroes to come to
Camp Lee will be in the second incre
ment anfl will be incorporated into a
provisional regiment, it is understood
jhere. Various white and negro organ
fixations already have Joined efforts to
provide for reception of the negroes
(and for their comfort in camp. At
Wearly all negro churches today the
ieubject was brought before the congre
gations. Sunday Passes Quietly.
'-. The first Sunday passed in camp by
khe men was observed with religious
Services in the tent of the Y. M. C A.,
tohih were lareely attended. Asso-
workers and ministers from.
Petersburg conducted the services,
Jwhich were held in the morning, late
afternoon and again at night. For the
most part of the day the men were
given the freedom of the camp and
come were allowed to leave, coming to
Petersburg. They have no military du
ties as yet, the officers being content
jat present with letting them become
Accustomed to their surroundings.
Men from West Virginia and Penn
sylvania continued to arrive today,
what was believed to be the last of the
five per cent quota reaching the can-
tonment at six o'clock. These were
trom West Virginia. None of the men
have been equipped except with essen
tials such as mess kits. Hikes will be
held daily to keep the men in training
but no regular drilling will be started
ifor several days.
125 MOTOR AMBULANCES
TO BE SENT TO RUSSIA
This Is Part of the Program of the
American Red Cross in Aiding the
Armies In the East.
Washington, Sept. 9. As a part of
its prog'ram for rendering effective
assistance to Russia, the American Red
Cross is to ship at once to the Red
Cross Commission in Russia, headed
by Dr. Frank Billings, 125 motor am
bulances and automobiles.
This is the third Red Cross ship
ment to be dispatched to Russia since
the arrival of the Commission there
less than two months ago. Drugs,
medical supplies and surgical appara
tus with a total value of nearly $400,
000, have already been sent.
Ambulances are needed with the
Russian armies almost more than any
other form of relief. On the eastern
front there are now only 6,000 vehicles
for the transportation of the wound
ed, while on the. French front, only a
third in length, there are 75,000 am
bulances. The automobiles now be
ing shipped by the Red Cross will
equip one Russian Army corps with
five complete ambulance sections.
Each' section will include fifteen mo
tor ambulances, one auto-bus' for
transporting slightly wounded, one
kitchen trailer, and one dressing sta
tion car. In addition, each section
will have two touring cars for the use
of officers; three light' delivery trucks,
one repair car carrying necessary
tools and extra parts, and one extra
car for gasoline fuel.
For the present, personnel for ambu
lance sections will not be sent to
Russia, but the machines will be oper
ated by Russian drivers under the di
rection of the Red Cross. Should it
lae necessary later to send American
drivers, they will be recruited from
volunteers in the United States.
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LEGAL AID WORK
PROPER STATE FUNCTION
DURHAM MAN HONORED
Amons 23 Americans Decora,t9? By
French Government.
Paris, Sept. 9. Twenty-Three Amer
ican ambulance men have been decor
ated by the French government with
the war cross during the last week for
their work in the recent heavy fight
ing. They include Lansing M. Pay
men, Durham, N. C. v
The citations recite the bravery of
the ambulance men under fire on va
rious occasions, recording here and
there the destruction of their ambu
lances and referring to gas attacks
though which they worked. '
WTXIj not materially hurt
cotton export business
wasningian, eepi. y. license re
strictions recently placed on the ship
ment of cotton from the United States
wilj not materially diminish the vol
ume of exports -and should have no
appreciate enect on prices to the
grower, the Department of Agriculture
announced today.
Reports that reduction' in shipments
to the European neutrals will cut off
markets for 4,000,000 bales are brand
ed as absurd by the department, which
presents figures to show that the neu
trals last year took only 700,000 bales
MEN AT OAMP JACKSON TO
TRAIN FORTY HOURS A WEEK
Columbia, S. C, Sept. 9. With vir
tually the entire first quota of draft
ed men from Florida, North and South
Carolina quartered at Camp Jackson
today, preparations were under way
lomgnt to negin arms in company ior-
mation tomorrow. Forty hours of in
tensive instruction will be given the
new soldiers each week; regular army
officers said. -
According to records . at the receiv
ing station, 1,619 men had reported up
6. o'clock, tonight, ' "
In the September number of Case and
Comment, William V. Rowe, Esq., con
spicuous New York lawyer, discusses
"Joseph H. Choate and Right Training
for the Bar," and a portion of his arti
cle is especially interesting to laymen
where it bears upon the movement all
over the nation to bring back the law
to the people and the people to their
law, a movement that is finding ex
pression in the creation of the office
of public defender in a great many
places, as it has in Wilmington, where
under a recent act of the General As
sembly, such an office has been created
and a lawyer selected t
courts in behalf of poor persons caught
in the meshes of the law.
In order to get the proper setting for
what is said upon the subject of the
public defenuer, it is desirable to quote
from the article as follows :
"hen, too. we must hnar f
that the increased specializing and the
growing solicitor's business and best
work of the modern law office has nar
rowed down the whole development of
the law. What Rufusi Hhnate y,aa oii
ed 'that boundless Jurisprudience, the
common law, which the successive gen
erations of the state have silently built
up,' is distinctly the people's law,
growing with the unlimited, national,
individual and community life of the
pcopie or our Anglo-Saxon democra
cies. It does not grow through fric
tion in the Jaw office, or even in the
COUrtS OVer limited and narr-nw
cialired controversies originating in the
nigniy specialized practice of the new
day a practice wjjtch springs only
from the modern banking 'and the all
absorbing corporation life of Wall
stret and similar b
On the contrary, flowing from the life
oi me wnoie people, it can find its nat-
aim uui mai development only
through the larsre and small misoella-
neous controversies . of all classes of
the citizes, high and low, of the coun
try ai large, as they were formerly
presented in and out of cniirt thrnmri,
the medium of .the old-fashioned law
practice, in other words, this old gen
eral practice, with its charity and le
gal aid, cared for in the law offi it
self, promoted' at every point the nat
ural growtn or the broad unrestricted
law oi tne people. The stoppage of the
charity and legal aid work and of the
former generous amount of court work,
and the limitation of practice to of-
uce worK ana the modern special lines
of banking and corporation practloe,
removea tne people as a whole from
touch with their own legal system,
subordinated their rle-hts ir! tn nvAr.
legislation and patchwork statutes and
stopped a healthy growth of our Amer
ican common law.
"Our system, under our written con
stitutions, is intensely legalistic, and
our citizens must constantly appeal to
the law and lawyers for ascertainment
and vindication of their rights. In
these later years, while the legal aid
societies have attempted, as far as
practicable, to supply the service for
merly gratuitously furnished by the
lawyers themselves, the people, as a
whole, cannot afford, and can find no
opportunity to appeal to the law for
justice; and the result has been dur
ing these last twenty-five years. In in
creasing degree, the constant crushing
of the liberty and rights of the mass
of the people- beneath the weight of
our system. There' has been discon-
.essential, the people have not t?n able
to secure, through lawyers, this con
tact with their own legal system. It
is clear that the old normal and nec
essary development of the law,
through the healthy, general partici
pation of the people in the process, can
be restored only by restoring the peo
ple's opportunity for intimate contact
with the law through legal aid work.
That work, the burden of which was
formerly borne efficiently enough by
the old lawyers of another day, is now
deemed a very substantial part of our
legal system. In other words, legal
aid work ought not to be charity or
social service enterprise. It is under
our form of government, a proper pub
lic or state function, and must be a
free public service open to all citizens
who cannot" afford to employ a lawyer
and pay court fees. The people must
In this respect, come to their own. The
public defender movement to supply
legal aid to criminal defendants too
poor to pay counsel, is really and prop
erly a part of the work of the legal
aid societies, and should be so treat
ed, and be promptly taken over by a
state legal aid bureau in the judiciary
deparLment of each state. It will at
once be seen that this process will
quickly restore a broad, general, un
limited practice, covering all branches
of the law and every conceivable ques
tion; and that law students will in such
work find a renewal of their former
life and satisfied aspirations, after
nearly a generation of complete loss of
such opportunities for general experi
ence, which the students, for instance,
of Mr. Choate's day, found always at
hand."
Mr. Rowe's discussion, while prima
rily for lawyers and law students, is
interesting to all citizens. The feeling
is growing that in order to make Jus
tice accessible to the lowly, especially,
it is as much the state's duty to pro
vide a guide for a friendless., penniless
defendant, to conduct him through the
courts and maintain his rights as a
citizen as it is to employ skilled men
to prosecute.
Only recently a distinguished Supe
rior court judge, who had been of
counsel in the celebrated Wilcox case,
remarked that his preparation of that
noted case had led him into the inves
tigation of very many old criminal
cases in North Carolina, from which he
ascertained the fact that at different
times in this state as many as nine
persons charged with murder, or other
capital offenses, had been convicted be
fore a Jury, sentenced by the courts,
which sentence and judgment had been
affirmed on appeal, and the defendants
duly executed for their "alleged crimes;
that it was afterwards fully establish
ed that these men, whose cases came
up in various parts of the state during
a long period of time, were entirely in
nocent and that the wrong persons had
been -hanged.
The judge's conclusions were that
the prevalent idea that innocent per
sons were never convicted in North
Carolina was all "poppycock."
One only need attend a few trials be
fore the police courts of any large city
to be fully convinced that miscarriage
of Justice is not only entirely possible,
but well within the range of probabili
ties. ,
A familiar case is that of a penniless
negro haled into court on a warrant
gotten out by warring factions in his
neighborhood. An array of witnesses
will testify to a state of facts tending
to establish his guilt of the offense
charged; another array of witnesses
will testify to an entirely different
state of facts, tending to establish in
nocence. If the defendant is without
money and, therefore, the aid of coun
sel, he is in a good way to face con
viction, even though his innocence
could have been-established if proper
available evidence had been produced
in his behalf. And his conviction is all
the more certain, - in the face of con
flicting testimony, if the defendant's
past record happens to be unsavory. It
is not unusual to see a certain class of
negroes, in the heat of passion, or
prompted by ill will, go before a mag
istrate, swear to a warrant charging
a fairly respectable negro with a given
crime and when the case is called ask
that the warrant be withdrawn, offer
ing to pay the cost and admitting that
they had no grounds upon which to ask
for conviction. Often the defendant
has spent a day and night in jail be
fore the warrant is withdrawn. If the
defendant had been without money or
counsel, as often happens in such cases.
It is easy to foresee what would have
happened to him, had these prosecut
ing witnesses gone out, drummed up an
array of witnesses, and proceeded to
convince the court of the defendant's
guilt.
The growth of the legal aid idea is
not realized and it will amaze one not
familiar with the work to learn of the
large numbers of societies organized
in a majority of the states of the
Union.
It Is the opinion of those who have
given thought to the subject that a
legal aid In Wilmington would prove
worth the attention of public spirited
men, and that one would make the of
fice of public defender yield a maxi
mum of service a thing that the in
cumbent of this office, W. F. Jones,
Esq., declares he is anxious to achieve.
STRIKING OPERATORS GO TO
"WORK, THEN STRIKE AGAIN
Alleged Fake TelegTam Signed "Feder
al Government" Received.
Burlington, N. J., Sept. 9. Five
hours after they had returned to work
the striking non-union telegraph oper
ators on the Pennsylvania railroad
again abandoned their keys late today
to resume their fight for higher wages
and improved working conditions
Their leader, John H. Praull, declared
they had been tricked into going back
to work by a spurious telegram pur
porting to come from the Federal gov
ernment. The text . of this message
as he gave it out was:
"Operators should return to duty at
once pending negotiations. Represen
tative will wait upon you at Burling
ton. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT."
(Signed):
Praull said he had no way of know
ing the telegram was not genuine and
hurriedly called the men together:
They agreed to resume work.
It was definitely established at 3
o'clock this afternoon, Praull staled,
that the message was not genuine and
the men were then directed to quit
work again.
COACH CROZIER RESIGNS.
Director of Athletics nt Wake Forest
to Pursue Medical Studies.
(Special Star Correspondence.)
Wake Forest, N. C, Sept. 9. Athlet
ics at Wake Forest received a severe
blow today when Mr. J. Richard Cro
zier, for thirteen years director of the
gymnasium and pioneer basketball
coach of the State, resigned to continue
his studies in medicine at the American
School of Osteopathy at KIrksville, Mo.
Mr. Crozier leaves on September 18
to aESume his new duties.
Mr. Crozier, after playing profes
sional baseball for several years, came
to Wake Forest College in 1905 as di
rector of the gymnasium and imme
diately built it up into the present
compulsory institution of physical cul
ture. In 1905 he likewise organized
the first athletic association, and in the
following year Introduced basketball
into Wake Forest and North Carolina.
In connection with hns athletic work
Mr. Crozier took the medical work of
the college, and won the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Medicine at the
commencement of 1915. Since that time
it has been his plan to continue Kfts
studies as son as a favorable oppor
tunity presentesd itself.
His resignation at the present time,
however, came as a surprise to. both
students and faculty. No successor has
as yet been secured.
MORE CORN BREAD MUST BE
CONSUMED, DECLARES HOOVER
Says At Present Price It Is Cheapest
of Nutritious Poods.
Washington. Sept. 9. Corn meal
even at the present high prices Is the
cheapest of nutritious foods, Herbert
Hoover announced tonight in a state
ment urging more general use of meal
for making bread.
"There is twice as much nutritive
value n a dollar's worth of corn meal
as in a dollar's worth of wheat bread
at the present prices," said Mr. Hoov
er, and corn must play a very im
portant part" in the conservation of
wheat products. There are four bush
els of corn raised in this country to
every; one of wheat and corn meal is
asgood for food as ie wheat."
Increased use of fish as a food is
urged by th6 administration. Ameri
cas fish consumption, it is shown, is
1 pounds per capita annually against
65 in England; 57. in Canada; 52 in
w-n 44 la Norway; 39 in Denmark
and 37 in Portugal..
ROYA
HIGH CLASS MUSICAL COMEDY
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TH
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Supported By Jack Russell, Lud
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Superb Chorus
Seven Good Looking Girls AU
New Bills Never ' Before Seen
Here. Newest Songs of the Pre
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SECRET KINGDOM
Second Thrilltag Chapter In
Three ' Reels Today and To
' morrow
Mnflnee Dully S-10-15e
Nlefcts 730 and ft 15-25
MANAGER LEWIS ANNOUNCES
A. & E. FOOTBALL SCHEDULE
Raleigh, Sept. 9. Manager Lewis
announced the official ,football sched
ule today for the A. and E. eleven.
The first four games on his schedule
are to be played? in Raleigh while five
others are to be played on the home
grounds of the opponents. A. and E.
will have one of the hardest seasons
this fall that she has ever had, he
said, and one of the best teams in the
South.
. Italian Killed; Others Wounded.
Milwaukee, Sept. 9. One Italian was
killed, another was probably fatally
wounded and two police officers were
slightly injured late today when an at
tempt was made to break up a patri
otic open air meeting in the Italian
section. The two Italians who were
shot are members of an alleged anar
chists club -which later was raided and
literature said to have been of an in
cendiary nature was seized.
BROKE UP LABOR PARADE.
Two Soldiers of Ninth
Wounded.
Illinois An
.Springfied, , Ills., Sept. 9. Two men
were shot and wounded and others
were beaten with revolver butts this
afternoon when the Ninth Illinois In
fantry broke up a labor parade, plat
ned as a demonstration of sympathy
with striking street car conductors
and motormen. A leader of the parade
was knocked down while carrying aa
American flag. Several arrests were
made and soldiers are patrolling thi
streets.
High Top Shoe Taboo.
London, June 10. The woman's shoe
with the high top is tabooed. If it is
seen any more on London's streets its
upper will be of some fabric other than
leather.
He's a Villain
And you'll hate him terribly. He
will make you good and angry,
then when he is defeated, you'll
be just so much more delighted at
his downfall. He is Harry Carter,
the master crook that directs the
big city gang, in
"The
Gray Ghost"
To miss a single episode of "THE
GRAY GHOST" is to miss the
BEST serial ever filmed. See it
this week. See it every week at
the
NEXT
FRIDAY
BIJOU
DO NT
MISS IT
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Famous Players-Paramount Pre
sent FANNIE WARD
Supported By Jack Dean
In the Most Unusual and Thrill
ing Photodrama In Which She
Has Appeared Sine "The Cheat"
"The Crystal
Gazer"
Playing Three Roles A Mother
and Her Daughters In a Thrill
ing and Absorbing Expose
Fake 3Iedium.
Matinees 5-10c
jMght 15c
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THE FATAL RING1
t t ett Perl
3 Remem&er wnere i --- .
1 White Last Week? Look
Thns ,
THE GOLDEN
HEART"
Two Reel Drama of
KATZEHJAMMER KfBS
The Roartn and Original K
Cartoon
Marine ea Sc