Churchill Accused Of Muffing Chance
By Failure To Open Front In Africa
Laborite Says Battle In Libya Would Ease
' Strain On Reds
LONDON, Nov. IS.—</P)—The Churchill government
was accused in House of Commons debate today of muffing
its chance to ease the German pressure on the Russians
by failing to open a diversion warfront in North Africa.
Laborite Emanuel sninweu,, one
of the most persistent critics of
the British war effort who was
mentioned recently as a possible
recruit to the cabinet and was
disclosed today to have refused
to accept office in May, 1940,
formed the spearhead of attack.
The debate touched on virtually
every aspect of the war effort,
even to the labor situation in the
United States, which was pictured
as possibly facing a general strike
-because of “the inexperience of
•trade union leaders.”
- The debate was the reply to the
message of King George VI yes
terday opening a new session of
’ parliament.
- “Why has the offensive in Libya
been delayed?” Shinwell demand
ed “It has been expected many
months.
“It would in effect have created
a second front. It would certainly
have distracted the Nazis and cre
ated difficulties for them. Let the
government answer that question.
“Next week or next month an
-offensive in Libya may not be as
• effective.”
If the failure to move once more
into Libya in duplication of the
great offensive of General Sir
Archibald P. Wavell last winter
is due to a lack' of equipment,
Shinwell added, then obviously it
is idle to speak of invasion else
where.
In September the British at
Cairo were freely predicting that
the desert or western Egypt and
1 eastern Libya would be “boiling”
WIDESPREAD AID
EXPANSION SEEN
(Continued from Fife One)
or joint U. S. -British use, as
necessary, of the bases already
there.
Other steps, it was said, might
include:
(1) —Operation of American con
voys through Gibraltar to Britain’s
Mediterranean ports, thereby cut
ting the time of deliveries for
■ Egypt which now are routed
around Africa to Red Sea ports.
(2) —U. S. Army delivery of
Dombers across the Atlantic to Bri
tain. This would be merely an ex
. tension (which some air officers
- long have expected and which oth
ers describe as unnecessary) of
the Army’s present inland ferry
command that now flies planes
from factories to Atlantic coast
departure points. The theory under
. lying these prospective enlarge
ments of military and naval work
in the Atlantic generally was
summed up in this way:
Since American merchant ships
now can be armed and sent into
' previously restricted zones, the
Army and Navy must give protec
tion to those ships wherever they
..go; moreover, the government
' must make the widest possible use
; of the new freedom of movement
-to increase efficiency in deliver
: ing war supplies.
Increased efficiency will result
ifrom reduction in time by cutting
route mileage, elimination of trans
shipment problems where possible,
and simplification of procedure by
having the Army and Navy take
■over operations which they can
-handle more effectively than the
British.
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it
with new war in October but ac
tion there still has been minor,
largely reconnaissance.
However, Wavell did not move
against the Italians last year until
Dec. 9, when he struck their flank
at Sidi Barrani and ultimately
drove them nearly half the dis
tance to Tripoli, then fell back last
spring when much of his forces
was diverted for service in Greece
and the Germans reinforced the
Italians.
Shinwell asked whether defense
of Britain’s Oriental empire rep
resented the government’s idea of
a second front and, if so, whether
this strategy Was approved by the
Russian government.
He called a recent statement by
Lord Croft, undersecretary of war,
that Britain should concentrate on
defense of the Eastern empire,
an “inexcusable” declaration
which “would be fatal to victory.”
Insisting that he was not ac
cusing Churchill and several oth
ers in the government of "har
boring subversive thoughts,” Shin
well added, "we are not so sure
of all the others.”
A. V. Alexander, first lord of
the admiralty, made the govern
ment’s reply to Shinwell, but it
tapered off into a heated but ob
scure exchange over why Shinwell
had declined to accept a post in
the Churchill government.
Shinwell, Alexander said, seem
ed to have chosen the role of a
“self-appointed critic who receives
the applause of the less-informed
to work in self-imposed discipline
and silence.”
The prediction of a possible gen
eral strike in the United States
came from Austin Hopkinson, In
dependent, in support of his state
ment that despite the United
States’ contribution, Germany
“has a greater production and
uses that capacity better than we
do.”
He said that "trade unionism in
the United States . . has in
creased at a tremendous pace and
hasn’t got the experience that Brit
ish trade unionism has got. The
result may be leading up to a
general strike simply due to the
inexperience of trade union lead
ers.”
“And employers,” Laborite
James Griffiths interjected.
“I agree that employers in
America on the whole have the
most promitiye ideas. There are
exceptions,” Hopkinson said. I
CIRCUS WORKERS
IN WEAR - ANIC
(Continued from Page One)
and on many occasions screamed
at circus-goers who approached
the elephants with peanuts.
Workers under Walter McClain,
trainer for the herd of 36 sur
vivors, reported that apples which
were fed to the animals possibly
contained the fatal dose of arsenic.
McClain was reported to be in
a highly nervous state as the re
sult of the mysterious poisonings.
Circus officials would not allow
reporters to approach him for a
statement.
Peggy was a young elephant, 25
years old. She died in a railway
car en route from Augusta, Ga.,
where the * circus played yester
day. She had been ailing for
nearly a week. She was stricken
along with the others in Atlanta,
Ga., a few days ago, but she ap
parently had recovered and re
joined the circus at Augusta.
Another elephant was missing
from the circus’ performances to
day—the beast, ill, was reported
to be tottering in a railway car
next to Peggy’s. --
* Coaker, the teamster, was in
jured when he attempted to stop
the fight of the pachyderms. He
was crushed between two of them,
which had been butted by a third.
His two elephants, Mancella and
Emma, were attacked by Judy,
a larger and more pugnacious ele
phant. At the moment he sought
to dash between them and un
tangle a bit of rear harness and
end the fight, Judy lunged into
Marcella, knocking her against
Emma, and pinning Coaker be
tween them.
When the two big beasts were
pulled apart, the teamster lay on
the ground, unconscious. 1
BRITISH OFFICER
INSPECTS SCHOOL
(Continued from Pace One)
ble, the British have nothing like
it in the way of industrial plants,”
he said.
He also expressed a high opin
ion of the American soldier. The
captain said, “the American ' - oops
are first-class, magnificent. I
would give anything to lead Ameri
can troops.” He could not under
stand the various stories regarding
low morale in the American
Army.
The captain has returned to
Washington but, before leaving, he
expressed a favorable opinion of
Camp Davis, particularly the offi
cers and men of the Barrage Bal
loon Training center.
trapezium, trapezoid
A trapezium is a four-sided fig
ure, or quadrilateral, no two sides:
of which are parallel; a trapezoid
is a quadrillateral in which only
two sides are paaJleL
SHIP ARMS MEASURE
APPROVED BY HOUSE
(Continued from Faso One)
setts, the majority floor leader,
asked Mr. Roosevelt to tell the
membership what effect in his
opinion, an adverse vote would
have upon the foreign and domes
tic situations.
Mr. Roosevelt complied in a let
ter which Rayburn read to a tense,
stilled and packed chamber, a mo
ment before the vote was taken.
The failure of Congress to re
peal the sections of the Neutrality
act in question, he said, "wo^ld
be definitely discouraging” to
Great Britain, to China and to
Russia, all "fighting a defensive
war against invasion."
Further, he said, it> would
“cause rejoicing in the Axis na
tions,” would "bolster aggressive
steps and intentions in Germany”
and other countries under the
leadership of Adolf Hitler.
"Judging by all recent experi
ence,” he said, "we could, all of
us, look forward to enthusiastic
applause in those three nations
based on the claim that the United
§tates is disunited as they have
so often prophesied.
"Our own position in the strug
gle against aggression would be
rope and in Asia but also among
definitely weakened not only in Eu
our sister republics in the Ameri
cas. Foreign nations, friends and
enemies, would misinterpret our
own mind and purpose.”
He turned next to the domestic
labor situation and the threatened
the steel industry,
strike in coal mines owned by
“I am holding a conference to
morrow in the hope that certain
essential coal mines can rerrfain
in continuous operation,” be said.
“This may prove successful.
“But if it is not successful, it
is obvious that this coal must be
mined in order to keep the es
sential steel mills at work. The
government of the United States
has the backing of the overwhelm
ing majority of the people of the
United States including the work
ers.
“The government proposes to
see this thing through.”
Rayburn emphasized the last sen
tence, and the House, which had
interrupted sporadically with short
bursts of applause,....broke into an
-Ovation, which"way qqlv increased
•when., Rayburn.;.himself shouted
declaration that:
“I am willing to follow or to
lead in any movement that will
keep defense production going.”
The vote was taken immediately
with leaders of both sides anxious
ly keeping a tally. Half way
through the list the trend of the
voting was plainly discernible, and
leading proponents of the legisla
tion were smiling at each other
in obvious relief.
The final tabulation showed 189
Democrats, 22 Republicans, and
the one American - Labor party
member voting for the measure.
A total of 53 Democrats, 137 Re
publicans, one Farmer-Labor and
three Progressives voted against
it.
Of the 53 Democrats voting “No”
only 11 were southerners, so that
the southern bolt was not so large
as the administration leadership
had feared. There was no cer
tainty as to just how many of
the negative votes were due to
the strike situation.
After it was finished, and the
result flashed to the White House,
President Roosevelt sent his per
sonal thanks to Rayburn and Mc
Cormack. He was, a presidential
secretary explained, "naturally,
pleased with the result.”
Secretary ot State Hull, who also
had made an appeal for the legis
lation, said of the House vote:
"It was an exceedingly wise and
timely decision."
me legislation was requested by
the President on October 9. The
House complied to the extent of
approving legislation which would
repeal only the Neutrality act’s
clause forbidding the arming of
merchant ships. To this the Sen
ate added language rescinding the
prohibition on sailings into com
bat zones or to the ports of bel
ligerent ports.
Still another development with
a possible bearing on the vote was
a statement issued in early after
noon by Gen. George C. Marshall,
Army chief of staff. In it he
emphatically denied that the War
department was preparing an A.
E. F. to go to Africa or "other
critical area.”
Reports of such an expedition
had arisen from a disclosure by
department officials that Selective
Service trainees and National
Guardsmen were being asked if
they were willing to enlist for reg
ular three-year terms in the Army
and serve overseas.
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HE LOST
His head bandaged and his face
swollen, Michael Capano Is shown
after he and Percy Monahan. 1
buddy, attempted escape from
Camden, N. J., county jail. The
two prisoners got out of their
cells, overpowered one guard and
tackled a second before 40 cops
and firemen beat them into sub
mission.—Central Press Photo.
Types Of Cargo-Vessel
Ordnance, Crew Listed j
- _A_ ^ ■_
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13. — (A>) —
Three major types of guns are ex
pected to be used in arming Ameri
can merchant-ships.
Secretary of Navy Knox has said
that, depending on their size, some
ships will be given five-inch guns,
others four-inch and still others
three-inchers.
Some of the five-inch guns will
be dual-purpose, for both surface
and anti-aircraft firing. The ships
also will be equipped with machine
guns, effective against low-flying
planes. Manning these weapons will
be crews of 10 to 16 men under com
mand of a petty officer. They will
stand constant lookout against at
tack.
That, generally, is the way it was
done in 1917-18 also, but the problem
of defense today is expected to be
somewhat different and may pro
duce improvements as experience
OPM Orders Redaction
In Civil Truck Output
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13.— UP) —
January production of light trucks
for civilian use must be held to 35.9
per cent below January of this year
under an OPM order issued today
The order extended and sharpened
the curtailment program begun id
August. It was eased to a degree,
however, by providing that manu
facturers of both passehger auto
mobiles and light trucks might in
crease truck production above the
quotas !f they cut passenger car out
put correspondingly.
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SECRET TREATY
Four Foreign Relations
Members Walk Out On
Tax Discussion
WASHINGTON, Nov. 13.—(M—
Resentment against secret consid
eration of a reciprocal tax waiver
treaty with Great Britain led four
members to walk out of a meeting
of the Senate Foreign Relations
com ittee today.
Senator Vandenberg (R.-Mich.)
said the four—himself and Sen
ators Johnson (R.-Calif.), Capper
(R.-Kan.) and Clark (D.-Mo.)—
quit the meeting in protest against
“absentee rule” over the commit
tee’s procedure.
Vandenberg had moved that the
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with regard to treaties be lifted.
He contended the members should
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brings results on which to base
them.
According to naval officials, the
principal change is the new subma
rine tactics, apparently made pos
sible by very advanced sound de
tecting devices, of firing torpedoes
at night after lying in wait for con
voys even though the ships at which
the torpedoes are directed cann }t
actually be seen.
During the World war, 384 armed
merchantmen made 1,832 trans
Atlantic trips, according to records
published by Josephus Daniels,
World" war Navy secretary. Of those
ships, 29 were torpedoed and sunk,
two were sunk by shellfire. A total
of 193 attacks were repulsed suc
cessfully and 34 encounters were de
scribed as resulting in “probable
damage'' to the subs.
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