Newspapers / Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, … / June 7, 1942, edition 1 / Page 4
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The Sunday Star-News Published Every Sunday By The Wilmington Star-News At The Murchison Building R. B. Page, Owner and Publisher Telephone All Departments DIAL 3311 Entered as Second Class Matter at Wilming ton, N. C., Postoffice Under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES BY CARRIER Payable Weekly Or In Advance Combina Time Star News tion 1 Week_3 .25 3 -20 3 -35 1 Month _ 1.10 .90 1.50 3 Months _ 3.25 2.60 . 4.55 6 Months _ 6.50 5.20 9.10 1 Year _ 13.00 10.40 18.20 News rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of StarNwws__ BY MAIL Payable Strictly in Advance Cocnbina Star News tion 1 Month_3 .75 3 .50 3 -90 3 Months _ 2.00 1.50 2.75 6 Months _ 4.00 3.00 5.50 1 Year _ 8.00 6.00 10.00 News rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of Star-NewB Card of Thanks charged for at the rate of 25 cents per line. Count five words to line. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS is entitled to the exclusive use of all news stories appearing in The Sunday Star-News. SUNDAY, JUNE 7, 1942 With confidence in *ur armed forces — with the unbounding de termination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph — so help us God, —Roosevelt's War Message Star-N ewsPr ogram To aid in every way the prosecution of the war to complete victory. Public Port Terminals. Perfected Truck and Berry Preserving and Marketing Facilities. Seaside Highway from Wrightsville Beach to Bald Head Island. Extension of City Limits. 35-foot Cape Fear River channel, wider Turning Basin, with ship lanes into industrial sites along Eastern bank south of Wilmington. Paved River Road to Southport, via Orton Plantation. Development of Pulp Wi od Production through sustained-yield methods through out Southeastern North Carolina. Unified Industrial and Resort Promo tional Agency, supported by one county wide tax. Shipyards and Drydocks. Negro Health Center for Southeastern North Carolina, developed around the Community Hospital. Adequate hospital facilities for white. Junior High School. Tobacco Warehouses for Export Buy ers. Development of native grape growing throughout Southeastern North Carolina, Modern Tuberculosis Sanatorium. TOP O’ THE MORNING A Christian is a sinful man who has put himself in school to Christ for the honest purpose of becoming better. —BEECHER. -V Excise Taxes The supposition is that the House Ways and Means committee will take up consideration of excise taxes tomorrow as a means of in creasing the nation’s revenues. The Treasury Department has made repeated requests that these levies be substantially increased, but no action has been taken because the question of a general sales tax has not been definitely set tled and as long as it looms as a possibility there would be no sound reason to jump the taxes on, say, alcoholic beverages, gasoline and tobacco. Excise taxes are in effect sales taxes. To raise the one and impose the other would work an injustice upon the taxpayers. What the decision of the committee will be, of course, is unforeseeable. But it may be said that with gasoline rationed and neither liquor nor tobacco essential to life, with rec ognition of the need for sacrifice of personal indulgences in the interest of the war pro gram growing, the treasury is not liable to gain much new revenue from the first item but could effect at least a partial reform in the people’s habits by placing such a heavy tax upon the other items that nobody could pay it; in which event it would also profit tittle. __\r_ Unemployment Compensation “All that glitters is not gold,” as North Car olina workers have learned to their sorrow. Not all workers, of course, but some 40,000 of them who have lacked continuous employ ment even in these days of shrinking idleness. This is revealed by the Unemployment Com pensation Commission in a report on the du ration of unemployment, which shows that over 40 percent of North Carolina workers who were unemployed in 1941 were out of work and drawing insurance payments for as long as 16 weeks. From the sample of a quarter of all claim ants, used as a basis for the study, it is esti mated that this situation applied to over 40, 000 workers. As the majynum benefits al lowqfl by law is 16 times the weekly amount In a given year, it is not known how much longer than 16 weeks these workers remained without Jobs. The study by the UCC bureau of research and statistics also revealed the tendency of claimants with lower earnings records to re main unemployed longer than those from the higher income groups. Furthermore, almost three-fourths of the workers who exhaust their benefit rights do so in one spell of unemploy ment. This means a lapse of about eight months must follow before they are eligible to file another claim. These conclusions are drawn from a sample of 23,790 cases, representing approximately one-fourth of unemployment insurance claim ants whose benefit years ended during 1941. The average duration of payments was 10.4 weeks. Although in 28.5 percent of the cases, less than five weeks compensation was paid, well over half the claimants, 56.4 percent, re ceived benefits for 10 weeks or more. Since the 1940-1941 benefit year came under the 1939 formula of the UCC law, the average weekly payment in the cases studied was on ly $5.42. -V Victory At Midway Admiral Nimitz, in command of the United States Pacific fleet, is admirably restrained in his report of the fighting around Midway is and, but it is apparent that once more, as in the Coral sea, the American forces arrayed against a Japanese invasion force have been successful, and on a larger scale. The Japanese obviously had sent a strong naval unit with airplane carriers and troop transports with the intention of winning a quick victory and wiping out this American outpost in the possession of which it would create a definite threat to Hawaii and even the western coast of the United States. Instead of surprising either the marine force stationed on Midway or the Pacific fleet, they were met with a withering counter-attack which, in the three days of the fighting, left the Tokyo armada limping from the fray. Without specifying the number of craft de stroyed or damaged, Admiral Nimitz is con tent to say that the enemy suffered heavy damage to battleships, plane carriers, cruisers ana troops transports. This was the first time a strong Japanese force had penetrated so far eastward. Midway is only 1,150 miles westerly from Hawaii—a short distance indeed as distance is measured in this globe-encircling war. “The brunt of ! the defense,” as Admiral Nimitz; fragmentary j reports put it, has been borne by the air branch of the Navy, the Army and the Marine Corps, and: “They have added another shin ing page to their record of achievements.” No claim is made of a major Japanese dis aster, but there has been a magnificent Unit ed States victory. The most heartening aspect of the news is that the Americans were ready. That they would win any engagement in which they could contact the enemy in equal strength goes without saying. There is no reason to doubt that the American forces can take care of the Yellow Peril at any time in equal com bat. In the past the Japanese have been able to strike before we were ready and so gain advantages which will prove difficult to over come. But that phase of the war is past. Japan tried to "slip one over’’ in the Coral sea and was repulsed with heavy losses. Now, she es says to capture Midway island and is again repulsed because our forces were “in the know” and waiting. It is too much to believe that at last, after six months of preparation, the armed forces of the United States are in position to meet any threat of Japanese attack within the area of their operation? The belief does not appear to represent dangerous overoptimism. The enemy will hit hard time and again. It would be dangerous only to think that these blows will not come. Surely we are justified in assuming that when and wherever they come, our combat forces will be, not only alert, but ready to drive them back. -V South Of The Rio Grande A common peril is steadily drawing the United States and Mexico into close affilia tion. Until Mexico began to feel the hand of Hitler as typified by his U-boat campaign there had existed a feeling of aloofness in varying degrees, according to the adminis tration in power at Mexico City, since long before the Mexican war. In recent years, and particularly in the last year with Camacho as president, the relations between the capitals and the peoples of the two countries have im proved, but still underlying all negotiations there has been a film of suspicion and dis trust that could not be eliminated. Then came Mexico’s entry into the war and Washington’s quick offer of necessary aid against the common enemy. That there will be a new kindliness no less than friendship between the governments and peoples of the United States and Mex'co in days to come cannot be doubted. Mexico’s dependence upon this country is too great and our attitude so gratifying that there can be no cold-shoulder ing on either side. This, of course, will be helpful during the war period. It will be infinitely more helpful in the peace era that follows, Ijnd, whatever the measure of our war help to Mexico may be, the aid we can give her after the war will be of vastly more importance. If the new world which emerges from this war sets up new objectives, as it must, our aid to Mexico will not be limited to exploitation of her nat ural resources, as in past periods, chiefly for the enrichment and benefit of corporate in vestments. It will be concentrated in largest measure on lifting the veil of illiteracy from the great masses of Mexicans outside the chief cities. Mexico’s greatest need has been for edu cation among the peon classes. If we should do nothing else besides introducing general educational reforms south of the Rio Grande, after the war is over, we will have done something of inestimable value for that na jtlon and people. Gaining In Libya The British are reported to have gained armored superiority over the Nazis in Libya. General Rommel, the wily fox of the German forces, is said to have lost 340 tanks, fully half of his armored strength. He is still at tempting to use the gap in the British lines as a means of escape if he is forced to turn westward, as he probably wall be. The British problem, therefore, is to close this gap in time to annihilate Rommel, and not in the German sense. The thing which brings greatest general gratification in the present state of affairs in Libya is that the British are definitely on the offensive. Lieut. Gen. Neil M. Ritchie, British field commander, started an offensive at Knightsbridge, 15 miles southwest of Tobruk on Thursday night, and has sustained the at tack successfully since. It is by offensive ac tion only that the British may hope ultimate ly to win the Battle of Libya. Now that they have the more powerful armored strength it would seem that the thrust from Knightsbridge might be developed into a major engagement and that the Nazi forces could be completely defeated. That Libya is among the most important battle areas in this war is no longer to be questioned. With enemy forces in control Hit ler might reasonably hope to force his way into the Middle East, put Suez out of com mission, close the Red sea to allied shipping, and after taking the oil fields of Iraq and Iran, move against India, even if he failed to conquer the Caucasus. On the other hand, if the British can drive the Nazis out of Libya, Hitler’s chances of a final victory would wither on the branch. What the British are doing to Rommel’s Nazis, therefore, is directly connected with Hitler’s defeat. More power to them! -V Congressional 'SUTTLETIES' The Inside On The Washington Scene Of Interest To The Carolinas By HOWARD SETTLE (The Star-News Washington Bureau) WASHINGTON, June 6.—President Roose velt is expected to resort to a radio fireside chat” within the next few days for a dis cussion with the American people of trans portation, rubber shortage and petroleum sup ply problems. The chief executive’s so-called "sixth sense,” wherein he is credited with being able to analyze the public mind, has apparently prompted him to join certain members of congress, including North Carolina s Senator Josiah W. Bailey, in efforts to create among the people a clear understanding of the sit uation which has caused government war agencies officials to propose a nation-wide gasoline rationing program about Juiy 1. Tne program has been suggested by Price Control Administrator Leon Henderson to conserve rubber. President Roosevelt’s intention to discuss the situation over a nation-wide hookup has not yet been officially announced. Sources close to the White House revealed, however, that powerful support of proposals to relax gasoline and rubber restriction programs has caused the president to look with favor upon such an address. Conference The Thursday outburst in the senate against the nation-wide rationing proposal and the transportation of gasoline through rationed states for unlimited consumption in unration ed areas has already caused the chief execu tive to assemble in conference at the White House Production Director Donald Nelson, Price Czar Henderson, Petroleum Coordina tor Harold L. Ickes, Transportation Coordina tor Joseph B. Eastman and other interested officials for a discussion of future plans. While the White House conference was in session, a group of more than 100 congress men staged a protest meeting against any nation-wide extension of the current South eastern and Eastern gasoline famine until congress is “fully informed.” Several mem bers attending denounced the price control chief as a would-be “dictator’ and “smart aleck.” To Build Pipeline Although the house killed the Mansfield bin to provide for construction of a pipeline and barge canal across Northern Florida, the pipeline, which may be ordered by the presi dent under the already-enacted Cole emer gency pipeline act, is virtually assured. Arrangements are already being made, in fact, to transfer from virtually dorment lines of the West the pipe necessary for construction of the line. The presidential order is almost certain to be issued shortly, probably in time for the chief executive to reveal it in his statement concerning the future of the gaso line-rubber-transportation situation. The Mansfield bill was defeated by a coali tion of Democrats and Republicans who have consistently fought the proposed Florida ship canal, a New Deal proposal whose approval the administration has continuously sought. Some members charged that the barge canal proposal was ‘‘a sugar-coated Florida ship canal, which we’ve killed every time it was brought to the flood.” Continue Bailey Probe As Senator Bailey reconvenes the commerce commtitee Monday to continue a study of feasibility for greater use of inland water ways and possibility for development of greater transportation facilities for movement of petroleum to the Southeast and East, Mayor Fiorella H. La Guardia, of New York, will appear to testify concerning gasoline and oil requirements of Gotham. The study is be ing conducted as the result of a resolution proposed by Senator Burnet R. Maybank, of South Carolina, and unanimously adopted by the senate. Governor Richard M. Jeffries, of South Car olina, is expected to either appear before the committee or file with Senator Maybank a full statement concerning the effect of the rationing program in the Southeast. Repre sentatives of Governor Spessard L. Holland, of Florida, are also scheduled to testify at the Monday session. Senator Claude Pepper, WE DON’T WANT TO BE OVER-OPTIMISTIC _ THE SH/f>/?/A/(7 S/TUAT/ON AT C#/r/CAL 77VS5 iSAPS A&F OAf MOV/r /At C///A/A. tee /Vaz/s 04 vea/t yet secrz/y TEE/0 0/(7 aEEEMr/YE i ... - ■ i ANP r/TEPE'E PLENTY OE NAPP wop/c anp etctht/nct at/eap sur HLA Serv ice, lac. of Florida, said Governor Holland is sending “experts who know the situation.” Ask Tax Reimbursement It was only a matter of minutes after Senator Maybank revealed his intention to introduce legisla tion providing for federal reim bursement of states for their losses in gasoline tax revenues because of the rationing program that Assistant Secretary of the Treas ury John L. Sullivan called the senator's office and made an ap pointment for a conference with the South Carolina solon and Sen ator Richard B. Russell, of Georgia, co-author of the meas ure. “Senator Russell and I insisted upon a square deal for all the states and all the people,” Sena tor Maybank declared. “If our states are to be deprived of reve nue because of gasoline rationing while gasoline is being sold in un limited quantities in other sec tions, then it’s only fair that we should be reimbursed by the fed eral government for losses in gas tax revenues suffered as a result of their discrimination.” The Maybank-Russell bill has the solid support of senators and congressmen from states in the rationed areas, including North Carolina. Favor Ellender Bill Of major interest in connection with the muddled gasoline-rubber transportation situation is the measure introduced by Senator Al len J. Ellender, of Louisiana, which he contends would make available 30,000,000 tires a year, mostly reconditioned, and keep at least 20,000,000 civilian passenger automobiles in operation perma nently. Hearings on the measure are scheduled to being Tuesday before the senate banking and currency committee, to which group has been referred all legislation per taining to the .office of price ad ministration. Senator Ellender said the per centage of new rubber necessary to make “camelback” recaps stick to rebuilt casings would be insignificant. He contends the program could be placed in effect on a permanent basis and make available to civilian motorists tires of sufficient quality to enable at least 8,000 miles of travel at a maximum speed of 40 miles per hour. The Louisiana senator seems sure he has the necessary evi dence to convince the banking and currency committee of the cor rectness of his contention. Barge Yard Sought Possibility for location of a yard at Wilmington for construction of wooden barges to be used on the inland waterway for transportation of heavy oil is being thoroughly investigated by Senator Bailey and Representative J. Bayard Clark. Until a final decision is reach ed concerning whether such barges will be built by the maritime com mission, army of inland water ways corporation, it will not be possible to file , a report on Wil mington’s town’s advantages as the location for such a yard. However, the senator and con gressman have discussed the mat ter informally with federal au thorities and believe they will be able to prevail upon the proper officials to give serious consid eration to location of a barge man ufactory in North Carolina. Curacao, Oil-Rich Island Without Any Native Oil ——— w _ Traditional Dutch towns in a flamboyant tropical setting; arid land that draws water from ship s holds instead of wells; a giant oil industry in a country that pro duces no oil—these are some of the incongruities of the West In dies islands of Curacao and Aruba, where it has been announced a protective United States force is to be stationed. “Curacao and Aruba (situated off the northwest coast of Vene zuela) are the largest and most important of the six islands of the Netherlands West Indies,” says a bulletin from the National Geographic -Society. “With their barren neighbor, Bonaire (now re ported an internment center for local German residents), they form the southern members of the widely separated island clusters known by the group name of Cura cao. The others—Saba, St. Eusta tius, and the Netherlands share of St. Martin—lie east of Puerto Rico, some 500 miles away. “Although often called a colony, the Curacao islands normally form a constituent part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands,” the bulletin continues. “They are administer ed by a local governor and par tially-elected council, whose head quarters are at Willemstad, on the individual island si Curacao. “Following the German attack on the Netherlands in May, 1940, Curacao’s governor proclaimed the existence of a state of war. Short ly thereafter, British and French troops were reported to have been landed in the islands to forestall any German attempts to sabotage their vast oil industry. The French forces later were with drawn. “Curacao (210 square miles) and Aruba (69 square miles) produce no crude oil themselves. Yet they pour forth a steady stream of fuel, lubricating, diesel, and other oils, of high octane, and lesser gaso lines that feed the machines of war or peace. The answer to the apparent paradox is found in the islands’ three refineries, built to take advantage of the proximity of Venezuela’s rich sources of oil in the Maracaibo region, about 170 miles southwest of Aruba. Two of these refineries are in the world’s front rank. Aruba’s giant estab lishment claims a record capacity of 285,000 barrels of oil a day. Another plant on Curacao runs it a close second. “An ‘endless chain’ of tankers (Continued on Page Seven) -V Civilian Defense Timetable BASIC TRAINING COURSES lire Defense Mondays at 8 p.m., High School room 109. General Course: Tuesdays at 8 p.m., High School room 109. Gas Defense B: Wednesdays at 8 p.m., High School room 109. First Aid—10 hrs. Monday, June 8, 7:30 p.m. at Church of Cove nant, Market Street entrance. First Aid—20 hrs. Monday, June 8, 7 p.m. at Delgado Presbyterian church. MEETINGS Carolina Beach, Wednesday June 10, new City Hall 8 p.m., for all members of local Citizens’ De fense Corps. SPECIAL TRAINING Home nursing: Wednesday June 10, 7 p.m., at USO building 5th and Orange street. The Editor’s Letter Box The editor does not necessarily endorse any article appearing in this department. They represent the views of the individual readers. Correspondents and warned that all communications must contain the correct name and address for our records, though the latter may be signed as the writer sees fit. The Star-News reserves the right to alter any text that for any rea son is objectionable. Letters on controversial subjects will Dot be published. HOW ’BOUT IT, FOLKS? To the Editor: As a matter of form and cour tesy, this letter is addressed to you; but as a matter of service it is addressed to all Wilming tonians. Lack of fact information causes a lot of trouble in the world. Hordes of people are constantly migrating to some other section of the country, for the purpose of bet tering their condition; but m very many cases they fail to realize their expectations. They lacked fact information covering the con ditions in the zone to which ihey migrated. Lack of fact information con cerning the advantages possessed by Wilmington and the Cape Fear country which surrounds it, is causing those who live in a less favored country a great deal of social, physical and financial loss, because such ignorance is keep ing them out of the Cape Fe a r country. ■Such losses cannot attach to those outsiders, alone. They also fall heavily upon the residents of that favored country. Years ago, many of those outsiders knew Wil mington as a place to which they could send turpentine, rice, cotton, furs and bacon, for which th e y would receive molasses, flour and Rockingham plaids. Wften the above marketing con ditions changed, Wilmington slipped off the map, for very many people, and those people have never received adequate fact in formation as to what was left in Wilmington, and what was added to compensate for the disappear ance of the items of the old order. In tne “good old days,” people were want to just accept things as they found them, and seldom contemplated the conditions that produced them.'Climate, soil, ship ping facilities, geographical pos’ tion, surrounding country and gen eral potentialities were given little consideration. And now that the population of the city has been practically dou bled, by the advent of war condi tions, almost unlimited possibili ties for profitable investments and operations have been added, to say nothing of the increase in most desirable building sites in attrac tive additions. It is time something were done about broadcasting this informa tion concerning the advantages of the Cape Fear country, of which Wilmington is the capitol. The out sider has a lot of things needed by the Cape Fear country, and that good country possesses what hun dreds of thousands of outsiders need and would utilize, if they knew where to find it. What are you going to do about it? This is intended as a personal question to every reader. What are you going to do about it? D. Sam Cox. Wilmington, N. C. Tune 6, 1942. 4 Fdir Enough mom NEW YORK, June 6 , one forget the interesting per, ality of Joe Padway, the c. ’. e ' counsel of AFL and gene>.- ? sel, during their thieving of the filthy racket dissu-e 1 union conducted by Gecrae v a and Willie Bioff, I sho rt r relate the latest feat of tr T - ’ perous altruist, who recent the effrontery to appear r congressional representatives • American people and tell ths~- .* law's they might pass and v;..- . ' he would not stand for. Mr. Padway, born in E;.. came a pioneer in the ; r . pioitation of the union mote- .. Milwaukee and landed in V. ton with a rich practice as counsel for seven in:.: - . unions of the AFL and spew - sel for others. As general eev'-.V’ . the AFL he was the attcurs erai of that rich and power: government of the America- -V-l * and sat in cabinet meetir.:« U AFL along with his client. torious underworld thie: . eteer, George Browne. He laborated in bargaining r.tr • ■ with Willie Bioff. M. P.. - of prostitutes, whose backgrc • an old brothel keeper w&= - *’ throughout the union rack* also represented, as genera’ r."„' sel, the bartenders' union, w>: w Miami, was the private ra -- r A1 Capone’s brother-in-law. - Coughlin, and. in Chicas , -■ ’b racket of another grc-”.p r- ,v Capone mob. Revise Constitution George Scalise, of . service racket, als . hi- r; old M. P„ paid Padway ?: “revise his constitution’’ ar.i pas. way indorsed that racketeer's ary. cation for a presidential pardon" n t long before Scalise was •-rflb'y shown to be a front man for si.’ another group of the Car ne nv and sentenced to Sing Sine. Among the seven international unions which provide Padway w:;h the means for living the mere piety, and well knowing Brownes ternational, with headquarters :s Indianapolis, whose president that fine and pious elder statesrs# of the AFL, Mr. Dan Tobin, a ;:>, ber of the AFL cabinet or ex--> tive council. Notwithstan line ; , abundant life is the Teamsters' In character, Mr. Tobin nevertheless forebore to throw- the crook xr .,{ the cabinet because he placed rep eal unity within the council a .? decency and the honest treatment of rank and file workers. Like Wil liam Green, Tobin was content so let politics take her course with the result that publicity and United States Attorney Mathias Correa -f New- York had to remove Browne from the necks of helpless workers. Mr. Tobin is a fine American with the reservation that he does r«t trust the public courts and 1ms de nounced as a lower form of vermin than the unspeakable scab any member, however sore oppressed, who dares to exercise his American right to appeal to the courts for justice. Although Mr. Padway, as a lawyer, is an officer of the court, he finds it within his ethics to rep resent tills organization, whose pres ident has expressed this preference for private union courts which may be conducted by racketeers acting in the role of judge, jury and de fendant. Charged Dictatorship In Cincinnati, of late, a group of rebellious members of 11 local to ou sters’ unions, subsidiaries of Mr. Tobin’s international, and having 10,000 members, brought suit and grave charges against Mr. Bi- I Farrell, who had been sent in as trustee by Mr. Tobin following > :n» trouble many years ago. A trustee in such cases occupies a position similar to that of Adolf Hitler'5 governor general in Poland or Czechoslovakia. He is set over ti» rank and file without their vote or consent and is accountable * n!y to the ‘ international headquarters, In deed, in the teamsters’ union there is a constitutional question wlio’tw even Mr. Tobin, having once nan:« a trustee, may remove him "t - him to account. The (’in ;rtV rebels charged that Mr. Farrell V a dictator, that he had not ly accounted for vast sums -1 ll;;- : money and. most heinous of ail am. that he had authorized numbers o’ his subjects to cross the pi- •' *'nel of other unions. For a few terrible days it a|-!>?-r ed that the intimate affair- A group of Mr. Tobin’s subject uni'-*5 might be exposed to the courts so Mr. Padway ri; Cincinnati and saved the A, suit and the charges wer* ; withdrawn and elections w-re dered, but only with a stip-i-#’-’-" by Mr. Padway that the r- 1 - * tioneers refrain from impu'- : character of Mr. Farrell oi resentatives with reminis' i r allegations, however trio . For these brief but talent ices the court allowed Mr. ! $5,000, payable out of the enri of the local workers wlm gagge dby his insistence tli:’ - h so fine as Brocky Farrell grown wealthy with the je _ spared such pain of soul as l: A be caused by public scrutu 1 conduct. A COURAGEOUS QUEEN No government 'in exile „ en a hurdler example of c° ■ than that of Queen Wilhelm oppressed people has baffle'1;* ^ beset the forces' of cruelty ’1' ^ sterner spirit, a more resoutc ‘ ingenuity than her people House of Orange-Nassau h8i ways been a focus of free £ fighting since the black daM a Spanish dominion. And alwa.'= ^ Dutch have won out. — Lout ^ (Ky.) Courier-Journal. ;-v-, ;he The state of Vermont c|l0se,j;e hermit thrush as its officia1 bird.
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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June 7, 1942, edition 1
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