Newspapers / Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, … / June 14, 1942, edition 1 / Page 6
Part of Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
The Sunday Star-News Published Every Sunday By The Wilmington Star-News At The Murchison Building R. B. Page, Owner and Publisher Telephone All Departments DIAL 3311 Entered as Second Class Matter at Wilmlng Ion, N. C., Postoffice Under Act of Congres of March 8, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES BY CARRIER Payable Weekly Or In Advance Combina Time Star News tior 1 Week _„3 .25 | .20 3 -3: 1 Month _ 1.10 .90 1.6< 3 Months _ 8.25 2.60 4.5E 6 Months _ 6.50 6.20 9.1C 1 Year _ 13.00 10.40 18.2( News rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of StarNews BY MAIL Payable Strictly In Advance Comblna Star News tion l Month_3 -75 3 -60 3 -90 8 Months _ 2.00 1.50 2.75 6 Months _ 4.00 8.00 5.50 1 Year_ 8.00 6.00 10.00 News rates entitle subscriber to Sunday Issue of Star-News Card of Thanks charged for at the rate of 25 cents per line. Count five words to line. THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Is entitled to the exclusive use of all news stories appearing in The Sunday Star-News. SUNDAY, JUNE 14, 1942 With confidence in •ur armed forces — with the unbounding de termination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph — so help us God. —Roosevelt’s War Message Star-NewsProgram To aid in every way the prosecution of the war to complete victory. Public Port Terminals. Perfected Truck and Berry Preserving and Marketing Facilities. Seaside Highway from Wrightsville Beach to Bald Head Island. Extension of City Limits. 35-foot Cape Fear River channel, wider Turning Basin, with ship lanes into industrial sites along Eastern bank south of Wilmington. Paved River Road to Southport, via Orton Plantation. Development of Pulp Wood Production through sustained-yield methods through out Southeastern North Carolina. Unified Industrial and Resort Promo tional Agency, supported by one county wide tax. Shipyards and Drydocks. Negro Health Center for Southeastern North Carolina, developed around the Community Hospital. Adequate hospital facilities for white. Junior High School. Tobacco Warehouses for Export Buy ers. Development of native grape growing throughout Southeastern North Carolina. Modern Tuberculosis Sanatorium. TOP O’ THE MORNING That we are alive to-day Is proof posi tive that God has something for us to do to-day. —A. R. LINDSAY. -V A Merited Award The honorary degree conferred upon Dr. George M. Cooper of Sampson county by the University of North Carolina Is richly merit ed. Dr. Cooper has been identified with the health service of his native county for many years and was its first health officer. Dr. Frank P. Graham, president of the university, set forth Dr. Cooper’s services and attributes so well in his brief remarks when awarding the degree it is appropriate to quote them in full: “George Marion Cooper, of Sampson coun ty, nationally distinguished as a public health officer, quiet and unassuming but relentlessly effective, he has as state health officer served for a longer period and in more fields than any other person. He has been a leader in practical programs for the medical care of the poor and has worked courageously to lift North Carolina from the disgrace of its high birth mortality of children and mothers. His work, pioneering in America, both for the im provement of the health of school children through free dental and tonsil clinics, and for the improvement of the health of mothers and the birth of children, has become and will continue to be an example to his and other nations and a benefaction to this and succeeding generations.” It is such men as Dr. Cooper who confer lasting benefits, not only upon the people of their own communities, but on the race as well. Their work never ceases, even though, in the fullness of time, they are withdrawn from the earthly scene. The Star extends its felicitations to him and hopes that he may long enjoy the fruits of his faithful service. -V '\ Saving Aluminum Inasmuch as more than a thousand pounds of aluminum are required for a war plane, and aluminum is scarce, substitute materials are being used as far as possible and with excellent results. These materials are wood, plywood, plas' tics, steel and fabric, and they are finding their way into planes in increasing quantities One benefit of this program is that the fumi ture industry is making many sub-contractec parts. The substitutions apply widely to train er planes. The decision has been reached tha twin-motored traintrs will be made of wpod This involves much redesigning, and addi tional work, but will tend to save great quan tities of aluminum. Rubber Salvage Drive President Roosevelt, in his brief radio broadcast on Friday night, left no room for doubt in any mind that we must save and reclaim every scrap of rubber we possess if we are to overcome the handicap the sur ; render of the Dutch East Indies imposed upon our war effort. With only a small stockpile on hand, imports cut off and synthetic rub ber in adequate quantities still some time ahead, it is imperative that the public sell all rubber in whatever form it may exist in the homes to be reworked into useable ma terials for warships, planes, tanks, gun bases, trucks and every item in the nation’s mechan ized war equipment. Because the need is pressing and the time short, Mr. Roosevelt has asked the states to conduct an intensive campaign for the ac cumulation of rubber, starting tomorrow and continuing for fifteen days, with service sta tions serving as collection depots and gaso line distributing firms transporting the stock thus collected to plants designated for re working it. No salvage crusade thus far inaugurated is more vital to our war program. Probably rubber is second only to steel in the produc tion of war equipment. If every single house hold and farm participates in the campaign to start tomorrow, we have assurance that it will be possible to produce sufficient war tools to beat the Japanese and the Nazis to their knees. We will be able to conduct bombing raids upon Japan’s manufacturing cities and capital. We will be able to join fully with the British in blasting additional Axis-controlled war industries out of existence and pour out a rain of destruction upon Berlin. We will, in fact, be in position not only to cut off the manufacture of replacement tools for Hitler and Hirohito but also break the spirit of their peoples and assure the victory upon which civilization’s survival depends. In this, the part that will be played by rubber cannot be exaggerated. It is indispen sible. And because we cannot hope to sur vive as an independent people unless we erad icate Hitler and every plank in his vicious governmental platform, we will fall short of our manifest duty if we withhold one scrap of rubber, even if it be but a leaky hot water bottle, now that its need has been plainly stated by the Chief Executive. U. S. 0. And You The United Service Organizations are about to start a campaign for additional financial help from the public. The point to be decided, in determining whether to contribute or be sorry forever afterward, is if the USO is an essential undertaking for the comfort of t h e men upon whom the nation must depend for security and independent existence in the future. In addition to this it must be deter mined if the men who alone can do this job are worth the comforts and conveniences of fered by USO. Do we want our own boys, we people of Wilmington, to find in the cities near camps to which they are sent, such recreation cen ters as have been set up here for the boys of other parents in other states who come here for training and service? Do we wnat to know that when they have a few leisure hours they ill find pleasant places where they may find wholesome relaxation and social contacts hich ^ould be lacking but for the USO? If we do, we will support the campaign with our dol lars as ell as our best ishes. President Roosevelt recently wrote to USO headquarters: Not by machines alone will we win this war. Unitedly, unstintingly and without inter ruption or delay, we have solemnly prom ised to give our men a mounting tide of guns, tanks, plants and ships We shall keep that promise, and one promise more—that we shall preserve for them, wherever they may be, the moral and spiritual values of the democratic ideals and freedoms for which they now are fighting. Because the USO is unitedly dedicated to that,high purpose, and because that high purpose is a vital part of the job of winning this war, USO should be support ed by everybody—cheerfully, generously, and now. Keep in mind, when someone calls on you this week, that it is not only a duty, but a privilege, to subscribe, and generously, to the USO fund. -V Health In The Army It may come as a surprise to many per sons that the health of the army as a whole is better than of civilians in the same age group. The fact, however, is vouched for by statisticians of the Metropolitan Insurance company whose talent for discovering unex pected things is well established. These statisticians place the credit for this upon the Army medical supervision, the care exercised in selecting men for military serv ice, and the freedom from epidemic diseases last winter. There has been an exceptionally low sickness rate in Army personnel and a record-breaking low mortality from disease. A statement from the Metropolitan says the death rate among Army personnel located in the United States is well below that for men of the same ages in the general population. For 1941 the death rate from disease among men undergoing Army training was little more than half that for 1940, “which itself established a record,” and was only about 40 per cent of the five-year average from 1936 to 1940. The statement adds: “Mainly on ac count of the absence of any serious epidemic last winter, the illness rate, as well as the death rate, among the troops was far lower than the preceding year. In fact it was just ; about half.” Furthermore, we are told, the death rate from accidental injuries also has tended to ■ fall below the average of recent years. The worth of this reaches far beyond the \ » present war period. The men who have learn ed during their army experience how to guard their health will not be likely to forget the rules when they complete their military serv ice. On the contrary, they will continue to practice the rules themselves and see that they become the practice in their households. The nation will emerge from this terrible war not only a safer but a healthier land. Congressional 'SUTTLETIES' The Inside On The Washington Scene Of Interest To The Carolinas By HOWARD SUTTLE (The Star-News Washington Bureau) WASHINGTON, June 13.—Believing that such a gasoline rationing program has been in ef fect in the Southeast is not necessary, Senator Josiah W. Bailey, chairman of the commerce committee and head of a recent study which resulted in definite action designed to alleviate the transportation problem, hopes to bring about a more liberal distribution of motor fuel to North Carolina motorists. Under authority of a resolution introduced by South Carolina’s Senator Burnet R. May bank, Senator Bailey’s committee has conduct ed hearings designed to determine possibility for greater utilization of the inland waterways in movement of petroleum and to ascertain the extent to which more equipment may be added to the overall transportation setup. The North Carolina senior senator believes, from information gathered at the hearings, which closed Thursday, that the permanent rationing program proposed to begin July 15 may be liebralibed, at least for the Southeast and Middle Atlantic, if not for New York and New England. He feels that the committee study is the “beginning of concerted action to solve the problem of moving gasoline to the shortage areas.” HEARINGS BRING RESULTS That the commerce committee hearings have already accomplished definite results is ob vious as various government agencies act to provide safe transportation of gasoline and oil to the shortage areas . Briefly, the Maybank resolution and subse quent hearings may be given partial credit for actions as follows: 1. A nation-wide scrap rubber collection campaign, outlined by President Roosevelt in his Friday night radio “fireside chat.” 2. Assurance of a pipeline across northern Florida as a means of more expeditious move ment to the Atlantic inland waterway of pe troleum brought to the Florida west coast by Gulf waterway barges. 3. Construction of wooden barges to be used in movement over the waterways of heavy oils, thus releasing more tank cars and steel barges for transportation of gasoline and light fuel oil. 4. Construction of a pipe line from Long view, Tex., to Salem, 111., for movement of gasoline to the East, thus releasing more fa cilities for transportation petroleum to the Southeast. 5. More equitable distribution of transporta tion equipment to make still more facilities available to the Southeast and East. 6. Possibility for development of more transportation facilities through use of a re cently-discovered substance known as “ma reng,” which, its inventors say, may be used in lining wooden containers, such as box cars and barges, to enable their use in transporting gasoline and light oils. 7. Legislation, proposed jointly by Senators Maybank and Richard B. Russell, of Georgia, directing the federal treasury to reimburse rationed states for gasoline tax losses. SCRAP RUBBER DRIVE IMPORTANT Of particular importance is the scrab rub ber collection campaign, upon the results of which will depend the government’s decision concerning a proposed nation-wide gasoline ra tioning program to conserve tires. “It’s very important that North Carolinians cooperate,” said Senator Bailey, “for with more than 90 per cent of our normal rubber supply cut off by the Japanese when they took over the East Indies, we will be dependant upon this scrap rubber as a means of immedi ate relief.” Every service station in the state becomes a scrap rubber collection depot at noon Monday. Stations are authorized to pay one cent per pound for the scrap, which will be transferred by oil truck to a central depot for shipment to processing plants. The rubber collection will continue through June 30. The rubber re covery corporation, RFC subsidiary, will fi nance the drive. President Roosevelt has asked citizens to go into their attics and cellars, barns and store houses and uncover all the scrap rubber they can find. Old boots, overshoes, tires, tubes, hot water bottles, syringes, atomizers, hose and worn out rubber accessories to farm equipment are expected to pour into filling sta tions in large quantities during the next 15 days. START PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION Construction of the trans-Florida pipeline will be made possible by a $3,700,000 RFC loan to the American pipeline company. It is ex pected to be completed and in operation in slightly more than three months. Because old pipe is to be transferred from the west, to priorities will be necessary. Wooden barge construction is already under way, but activity in this line is expected to be increased substantially. There is a possibility that one of several proposed new yards for construction in inland waterways barges may be located in North Carolina. Priorities on the material for the Longview Salem pipeline must be obtained before work o n the project may begin. However, machin ery for obtaining the necessary purchase or ders has already been set in motion. The trend toward more equitable distribution of existing transportation facilities is demon strated by the Thursday order of Petroleum Coordinator Ickes calling for early transfer for more oil barges from the Mississippi-Ohio Missouri-Warrior service to the Atlantic wa terway. Senator Bailey is insisting that similar action be taken with respect to railway tankers before final decision is reached concerning the pro posed permanent rationing program. “Mareng” as a possible saviour of the situa tion is still an unknown quantity, as far as the extent to which it may be utilized is con cerned. The substance is now being used to line containers for shipment by plane of gaso line into China for use by the air force of Gen erals Joe Stilwell and Chiang Ki-shek. ASK TAX REIMBURSEMENT The treasury department is frowning some what upon the Maybank-Russell proposal pro (Continued on Page Seven) BLACK SEA__ Interpreting The War By KIRKE L. SIMPSON Whatever he may say, it is a reasonable guess that Adolf Hitler is very far today from the jubi lant mood in which he trumpeted the opening of his great “crusade"’ in Russia just short of a year ago. Twelve months later the self ap pointed savior of mankind is fully aware that he has caught a tartar in his march with ‘no precedent” eastward against Russia “to safe guard Europe and thus save all.” There was a precedent a f t er all. a Napoleonic precedent. The second “Little Corporal” has been perilously close, by his own ad mission, within the past 12 months to the fate that befell Napoleon. Not Out of Woods He is not yet out of the woods. He still has the Russian bear by the tail in a dance of death that involves millions of men. He can neither let go nor go forward notably with his “crusade.” Th e other end of the Russian bear, the business end, is snapping savage ly at his heels at every gyration. That is the situation on Ger many’s eastern front a week from the anniversary of Hitler’s attack on Russia. And to match it a storm of British-American making is brewing in the west of which German victims at home ha v e heard the first ominous rumblings in thousand-plane British bombing of such cities as Cologne and Es sen. For the six months that fol low the night of June 21-22 this year, every night must be one of increased danger and terror for Germans as the hours of darkness lengthen. Britons have known that grim waiting night by night where every added moment of darkness meant added peril, but never as Germans must now endure it. No German can doubt that the Cologne and Essen raids were but tokens of the horror to come. What the up shot of that might be for Hitler before the winter turns the long est night corner in December none can say with certainty. Nor can any say when Allied guns as well as bombs may again be joining in the dreadful chorus on the continent, in the west the ships, the planes, the men are ga thering within the fortress that is Britain. The Nazi warmaker can turn from his Russian front to meet that growing threat. Terrible Reality Two-front war even now is a ter rible reality for Hitler. For th e weeks since he thumbed his east ern army against Kerch isthmus in an effort to regain the initia tive in Russia, his troops have been floundering in blood, still chained to a fundamentally defen sive role. The intensified siege of Sevasto pol in the Crimea is primarily a defensive operation. That long Russian-held Black sea base is far behind Nazi front lines. It is a galling thorn in the south flank of a broad-based Nazi attempt to roll around the Rostov corner into the Caucasus. The Russian bulge driven into the German front south of Kharkov is an even more menacing threat to the north flank. German failure to remove both threats within a reasonable time would make a general Nazi ad vance all but impossible. New Ger man attacks below Kharkov and Sydney Harbor Not One But Really Many In One Japan’s attempted sea attack on Sydney by several small “suicide” submarines brought the enemy submersibles into one of the most beautiful and commercially valu able harbors in the world, says a National Geographic Society bulle tin. In scenic beauty, Sydney harbor often has been compared with that of Brazil’s striking capital at Rio de Janeiro. As a hard working business center, it is Australia’s leading port, normally handling be tween seven and eight thousand ships and a net tonnage of more than eleven million in a year. The city is about 1.650 miles in sail ing distance from the nearest re ported base of the Japanese fieet, in the Louisiade islands, off the southeast tip of New Guinea. The entrance to Sydney harbor (Port Jackson) lies through two jutting headlands, separated Py a water gap about a mile wide. Known as “Sydney Heads,” these promontories are sandstone cliffs that rise well over 200 feet above the water’s level. From the harbor’s mouth to the end of the bay is about 13 mile-. The harbor is actually a drowned valley, only about two miles across at its widest. The water area covers about 22 square miles, while the coastline approaches 200 miles as a result of innumerable inlets. Because of these indentations, the harbor has been likened to a giant fern leaf. Many of the inlets have deep water, making them useful as harbors within a harbor. Port Jackson’s water maze cuts so deeply into the land on whicn Sydney grew up that sea and ships have become an integral part of the city. “The sea reaches up among the buildings,” says one description, “and ships appear at the ends of streets, looking as em bedded into dry land as houses.” The people of Sydney, who num ber more than a million and a quarter, are especially fond of water sports. In normal times, clerk and banker, factory work er, surgeon and social leader join ed in turning the harbor and its many beaches into a week-end playground. Fishing, swimming, sail racing and boating of all kind„ were popular, with craft ranging from sleek, expensive yachts to small, salt-faded canoes. The chief shipping center of the harbor is at Sydney Cove, some four to five miles from the “Heads” entrance. Nothwest of the cove, where the waters narrow between the northern and south ern shores, stretches one of trie world’s largest and longest steei- . arch bridges. It was at the head of Sydney Cove that the first British settle- 1 ment in Australia was establishea m 1788. Originally a penal colony, ! the city later was expanded by free settlers and gold seekers. Be tween 1861 and 1901 the city made ■ a spectacular jump in population i from less than 100,000 to nearly l 188,000. * j the tremendous and sustained Nazi attack on Sevastopol imply desper ate efforts to clear both . flanks. Prime Minister Churchill warned Hitler sarcastically weeks ago, be fore the Kerch operations reopen ed the campaign in Russia, that time was passing there, time Hit ler could even less afford to lose now with the west girding for of fensive action, than he could last year when a few lost weeks in the Balkans stood between him and a possible decisive victory in Rus sia. 4 -V OUR FLAG There are birds and beasts and dragons, Bars and coast of arms galore That depict the nations’ ensigns, Which their people well adore; But the standard that gleams brightest In the sunshine’s golden light Is our sacrosanct labarum When it breaks upon the sight. It’s the flag that signals freedom, Wheresoe’er it is unfurled, For its peerless hosts e’er battle For the birthright of the world. No proud monarch’s crested trap pings, Howsoe’er they came of old, Shall encumber its pure colors, Nor its vibrant bars enfold. When, the studded sky above us, Banded by Aurora’s light, Overarches all the nations, It illumines mundane night. It gives hope to every people, Beckons kindly those whose cries, Neath the heel of pale Oppression, Heave their gloom - begotten sighs. In a ruthless tyrant’s serfdom Its brave men will not enroll, For they serve alone their Home land In the freedom of the soul, As their fathers did before them When this planet once they trod: Yea, their flag would dip to no one Save the Majesty of God. When the Navy rides at anchor, Or peals forthe the gunners’ blast, And you see the Spangled Banner As it flutters at the mast, It’s the star-lit sky above you In the mirror of the sea: It is heaven waving victory To the righteous and the free. The above was written by an American Chaplain in France aft er seeing the flags of many na tions assembled in numerous re views and processions in which he participated. There the Star Spangled Banner seemed to speaK a new message to the world. The original text is slightly altered. E. F. K. -V-. Civilian Defense Timetable BASIC TRAINING COURSES , Fire Defense A.: Monday at 8 P m., High school room 109. General Course: Tuesdays at 8 p. m., High school room 109. Gas Defense B: Wednesdays at 3 p. m., High school room 109. SPECIAL TRAINING Fire Defense B: Monday, June 15 at 8 p. m., Fire Department aeadquarters, 4th and Dock street Required training for Auxiliary Firemen and Rescue Squads only. Fdir Enough Hid NEW YORK. June 13 - The CIO council of Fort Wayne. Ind.. in lts campaign to suppress these dis patches, has sent three commun. ications to Washington. One ad dressed to George W. Gillie, the local Congressman, asks him to initiate a "Congressional investiga tion of Pegler," Another asks Francis Biddle, the attorney «en. eral, to "investigate the policies" activities and connections of Will liam J. Gross,” who runs these essays in the Fort Wayne News. Sentinel, of which he is editor The third went to Senator Robe't M. La Follett, Jr., who has bet", running a sort of left-wing dies committee in the Senate for a lono time, suggesting that Gross be in’, vestigated by the La Follette com mittee because, as a good news paperman should, he got hold of a copy of the “Investigate Pegler" resolution by means known to hint self but not to the CIO council. Commenting on- the resolution ed itorially, Gross alleged that Parke L. Kreachbaum, the secretary of the coucil, a position which' the communists in union politics al ways try to control, had been ac tive in the communist pro - Axis organization known as the Amer ican Peace Mobilization which picketed t he White House and damned President Roosevelt as a warmongering British imperialist until last June 22. when Hitler struck mother Russia, whereupon it changed its name to the Amer ican People’s Mobilization, went all-out for American intervention and continued to damn the Presi dent until Pearl Harbor because he didn’t immediately ask Con gress for a declaration of war. The News-Sentinel said Kreach baum lived at 812 Archer Ave„ Fort Wayne, said this had been the local address of the party line Peace Mobilization and said fur ther that Kreachbaum's wife, Lina, had acted as local executive sec retary of the so-called Mobiliza tion. Accused of Attack For printing tnese allegations about Kreachbaum. the News-Sen tinel and Gross were accused oi attacking “the entire labor move ment’ but, as Gross pointed out, the council, in demanding an apol ogy and retraction, very pointedly did not deny anything that Gro had written about Kreachbamii's activities. I know nothing about Kreachbaum or his politics and 1 have never met Gross, but gather that he was a straight-out. anti communist, anti - Nazi American noninterventionist until Pearl Har. bor, and many editors and most other citizens were. If I ever had any correspondence with Gross before this fight with the communist influence in tht Fort Wayne CIO it was about nine years ago when he told our syn dicate that someone would have to tone down the Pegler stuff, and I wrote back that he was no ed itor but a grocer and said that if I could have |iy way I would yank the stuff out of his papei myself. I am pretty sure he is the fellow and if he was. he wrote back that my letter had given him a belly-laugh and that was the end of the row. Well, now that you have the background, I want to point cod that this proposal to La Follctte means much more than you naigh suspect, because it is a duty a newspaper to obtain and Pliri news and here is this communis influence in the CIO steaming up a lot of America citizens, who are mostly genuine hoo'iers and he tuckians, to charge Gross with » violation of a law that forbids employment of anti-labor PP>CS. ( That charge rises out of the fac that when the tau commas —■ ed on Gross to demand retractioi of his remarks about Kreachbaw. and suppression of the Pegler a communist copy, he refused to them how he got his hands on a copy of the original resolution Gross got it from some America. citizens who happen to be me bers of certain unions and "* he refused to name them 0 committee, one of the umonee • called them Gross’ stooges. “With a laugh and in a tone j mock seriousness.” says Gross, said: ‘Ah, my operatives! On the basis of this remark ■ CTO council now tells La Folk; that Gross ‘admitted quite braz ly that he had four operative. ; the Fort Wayne labor movemem and says these individuals clea come under the category of labor spies” as established n committee. . os:c There is no evidence that ne i his informants, but even »■ .; the sake of argument, we con that he did and that the.' a regularly on his payroll as ^ mants on union matteis. ^ maintain that Gross is "ll ,, ^ rights. In the activitiy he acting in his capac.tv of J» j ■' jr, seeking information of PuDI1 terest. In the present case ne , be performing a public sen ^ unusual importance becaus ^ communist party has no'' identified by Attorney Genet ,, die as an organization Pjea® tt. destroy the American g°ve‘ If editors are forbidden or even to accept from m of unions information cone -- . union affairs, then the lav. union espionage is a 1 ' J tect the communist conspiraL to muzzle the press on the ■ to the country. h:eC:, I am getting hot on iblS s j. so I will give it another soon. -v-' -a d the The ancient Hindus divide diamond and ruby in‘° r,y castes. The true Orient-1 - , was a Brahmin: the rubn’...i, Kshatriya; the spinel, a Va' '. ind lastly, the balasrubv. a -ll•’
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 14, 1942, edition 1
6
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75