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Today an d Tomorrow ________ BY WALTER LIPPMANN - The Quality Of The Command The reverse in Libya is a grim reminder that battles are not de cided merely by the quantity of material and the courage of troops. There is also the quality of the command. It is the most critical of all the factors in war. Yet in nations which do not fight until they are attacked, in nations which do not take seriously the business of war until they are actually at war, the selection of commanders who know how to win battles is rarely achieved except by the cost ly method of trial and error. The records which men make in the long years of a defensive peace to not, as so many British ar.d Amer ican wars have shown, give a clear indication of how they will meet the test of battle. Indeed, the primary advantage of nations like Germany and Ja pan, which have a warrior caste, is that their commanders under stand the war they are going to wage before they begin to fight it. It is this undersanding of the kind of war they mean to fight which enables them to use an in ferior quantity of resources to mo bilize a superior quality of striking power at the point which they have selected. We, on the other hand, bound down by the rule that we must strike nowhere but must de fend everywhere, must plan to aim at sheer quantity of material and men rather than at quality specifically prepared for a spe cif'c purpose. The commanders in the field and at home are men who prepare for preparedness in general, rather than men like Rommel who prepare for the pre cise tactical situation in the place where they mean to fight. This qualitative unpreparedness is almost certainly the result of the fact that at the outset of a war of this kind the aggressor has a small compact territory to defend (which no one is prepared to attack, any way), while his opponents nave vast scattered territories which are military liabilities in that they have to be defended and yet fur nish no force of their own. In this global war, for example Russia is great man power and an arsenal, though not a self-suffic'ent arsenal. China is man power but not an arsenal. Britain is small man power and a very consider able arsenal. The United States is man power and an arsenal. But, except on the Russian front, the compaigns of the United Nations have had to be for the defense of regions like the south Pacific, Bur ma and the Middle East, which are military liabilities, originating al most no military power of their own, dependent upon power pro duced elsewhere and laboriously moved to the theater of war. * * * This situation has confronted the governments, Mr. Churchill and Mr. Roosevelt with a series of di lemmas as to which front to rein force. The front they did not rein force was the one most likely to be attacked: the front they did reinforce was likely to become a place where precious m i 1 itary forces were locked up and left in cold storage. Political considera tions of a most compelling kind —from Australia, the Netherlands Indies, Malaya, India — have pre vented them from taking the pure ly military decision to concentrate all the available forces somewhere for the counter offensive. Thus none of the fronts has been held with decisive strength, and Hong Kong, Singapore, Java, Ma nila, Burma and Libya have fallen one after the other. Our enemies have had no such dilemma. They could flick the battlefield, ignoring all others, because they were op erating in our territory and not in their own. • * * But while this explains a great deal, including our qualitative un preparedness for the kind of war fare w’e have had actually to con duct, the explanation does not jus tify us in taking an indulgent and resigned attitude. The U n ited States, leaving Britain’s failings to the British, was qualitatively un prepared at Pearl Harbor: with war imminent the commanders were not alert to the kind of at tack which our own war games had demonstrated tvas feasible and therefore possible. Tne United States was qualitatively unprepar ed in the Philippines or, hours after war had begun, the lesson of Poland would not have been ignored and the air force would cot have been lined up <»n the ground where it could be destroyed The United States was qualita tively unprepared for the subma rine war in the Atlantic, or the Navy Department, w h i ch had plenty of money, would have real ized two years ago the need tor the quick production of s large number of escort vessels The United States is qualitatively an- i prepared for the Aleutian cam-! paign, or the Navy Department would not countenance the com placent explanation that the Jap anese are there to save face alter their defeat at M_dway For while the occupation of the islands may not be a matter of the first im portance, the inspired comment is positively alarming in its frivolity. • * * The defeats we have been suffer ing are not wholly attributable to insufficient equipment, and v/e shall deceive ourselves dangerous ly if we hug the delusion that they There’* a Bargain in Sentinel Radios For You at Thrif-T-Siores, Inc. 25 So. Front St. can be retrievd by the sheer quantity of material we can pro duce. Our defeats are attributable in part to tbe fact that at the high est level of the United Nations command the political leaders Jpave had to compromise their strategic decisions: they had not prepared the people to understand that to become strong somewhere it is necessary to make political sac rifices elsewhere. Our defeats are attributable, then, to an excessive desire not to hurt the feelings of likable men and to a club spirit which protects and even promotes men who have failed and are clearly inadequate. In war the lives of men and the fa»e nations depend upon com petence, and it is impossible in a war of this kind to hurt the enemy mortally if we are too amiable to hurt the feelings of men who ought to be weeded out. -V Bethel Methodist Minister Is Conference Lay Leader NEW BERN, June 24. — After serving for some time as associate lay leader of the North Carolina Methodist Conference, W. J. Smith of Bethel is now the conference lay( leader, succeeding Dr. W. K. Greene, of Duke University, who resigned the post in accepting the presidency of Wofford College in South Carolina. Mr. Smith’s election took place Fala Sacrifices For Rubber Drive Fala, President Roosevelt’s Scottie, gathered up all his rubber toys at the White House and sat by wistfully as they were put aside for the executive mansion’s con tribution to the nation’s campaign to collect scrap rubber. I Monday at a meeting of the con ference committee of lay activities held at Goldsboro. His successor as associate conference lay leader will be named at the annual con ference next November. 3 RED CROSS DELAYS ANNUAL ROLL CALL Will Combine November Campaign With War Fund Drive In ’43 WASHINGTON, June 24— UP) — The Red Cross has postponed its usual November roll call and has combined it with a war fund drive to be conducted in March, 1943, Chairman Norman H. Davis an nounced today. The action had the full approval of President Roosevelt, who wrote Davis that “The nation can look forward to the month of March 1943 as Red Cross month.” Davis said the decision to make a combined drive followed requests that the Red Cross reconsider its policy of not participating in com. bined campaigns. He emphasized that the Red Cross would not change this policy but, in view of the need to conserve manpower and effort, had decided to com bine the two drives next March. “With the pressure of maritime work I feel the Red Cross has made a wise decision to combine the November roll call with its There’s a Bargain in Metal Porch Chairs For You at Thrif-T-Siores, Inc. 25 So. Front St. Tired? Nervous? Run-down? Try these Amazing New Mm ms Don’t risk Vitamin-Starvation! If you ever need extra vitamins and min erals, get them now. Thousands have found new vitality this easy, low-cost way. Wartime is no time to feel all-in, jittery, half alive! 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Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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June 25, 1942, edition 1
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