"Served By Leased Wire Of ihel - + *4 v 414 _ -- \
saStf] Mtltttttujtmt fBiimmg i^tar
- :—T-f'iP&k WILMINGTON, N. C„ MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 1942_ FINAL EDITION ESTABLISHED 1867.'
powerful U. b. rleet
Is Striking Savagely
At Solomon Islands
Combined Sea-Air Forces
Smashing At Japs In
Paciiic, Aleutians
rFX ^ARTHUR’S
uS)QUART£rS, Austra
f \-AR)—The power
f \ rifted States Pacific fleet
of the south
a‘f pacific flotilla struck
^‘ continuing blows to
t with -other forces” of
he Alies at Japanese bases m
h Solomon islands m Amer
ica’s first £reat offensive of
thun Washington, the Navy
department reported tersely
£ the attack on the Solo
TmuhIs whs continuing but was
^STith "considerable enemy
M-Uice" The Navy said it was
"nitoo early to announce results or
estimate our own or enemy losses.
».e Washington communique
- dosed that Australian units also
LVe in the battle with our forces.)
Flambouyant Japanese broad
..asts that li transports and 17 oth
' -Anglo - American” warships
,vere sunk or damaged suggested
that the great naval battle was cov
ering an invasion to drive the ene
my irom the southeast Solomons.
901) miles northeast of Australia.
The fight was at the northern boun
dary of the exotic Coral sea where
a United States naval task force In
May inflicted the first major naval
1 defeat in history upon J apan.
I Thousands of miles to the north,
I a task force of the Pacific fleet
had bombarded Japanese ships and
installations at Kiska, one of thre
bleak, fog - shrouded Aleutian is
lands strung out to the southwest
of Alaska on which at least 10,000
Japanese have established them
selves.
Only the scantiest details of the
major engagement off the Solo
mons came Irom Allied sources.
The results of the battle, now in its
third day. lay locked in the smok
ing steel throats of the huge naval
guns.
i The operations are progressing
favorably in spite of opposition by
'enemy land-based pircraft and gar
risons.” a communique relayed
here from Pearl Harbor by Admir
al Chester W. Nimitz, commander
•Continued on Page Two; Col. 4)
econScIystem
1ST BE REVAMPED
league 0{ Nations Commit
tees Report On Problems
Oi Post-War Rebuilding
—
PRINCETON, N. J„ Aug. 9—W
—The League of Nations economic
and financial committees reported
today that post-war reconstruction
would require the building of a new
system of economic society “from
the foundations.”
Making public the opening sec
tion of a report on future interna
tional cooperation dealing with the
problem of relief and reconstruc
tion, the committees said it was
probable that the rejuvenation of
ar - torn countries would depend
rgely on the ability and willing
,countries whose productiv
> had not been directly curtailed
,v'ar t0 furnish supplies and
scaleC”S °n the largest possible
frr^Ci ^neeit.in® representatives
nations at the institute for
d need study was under
forml?"Shlp °f Henfy F- Grady,
A drafta8S'Stant secretary of state.
iem,‘ j reP°rt on post-war prob
drawn up earlier in London
Continued on )>aEe xuo; Co,
PILING
■NTO CHADBOURN
I Estimated 300,000 Pounds
L n Warehouses For
Sales Today
Ausust 9— An
loaf to!;,;, Pounds of golden
house floo? *s 011 tbe local ware
tor the J* .here tonight, waiting
Monday 1,.'n'n^ °f the first sales
t „ " n,0rninfr
Lea, Wins«t “
oeclaretj tI supervisor of sales,
h placin" ' farniers ars apparent
they j,av“ *'ery pound of tobacco
"’amhou«P ?laded and tied on the
°ne farm!.Uction b,ock
said, ■■ summed it up when
®o"- anri e know prices are good
iny oliann 6 aren t goin t0 take
Tobacco • w,th them falling”,
bourn jn i!> moving into Chad
,n" ^ -b£bv traetors^ri,ekS
Ti'o s- C Aug.,9—UP)—
"1ils border. belt tobac
,tonl'nued ... ..
1 Pa*e Two; Col. 7)
REDS FALL BACK
BEFORE MAIKOP
Fighting Desperate Defen
sive Action; Admit
German Progress
MOSCOW, Monday, Aug. 10.—(A5)
Russian troops fighting desperate
defensive actions were giving way
today before both of Germany’s two
drives aimed at the Caucasus oil
center of Maikop, it was indicated
in the Russian midnight communi
que.
The Germans, striking powerful
blows with mechanized armies, ad
mittedly made progress both in the
area of Kropotkin, 60 miles north
of' Maikop, and in the region of
Armavir, 60 miles northeast of Mai
kop, where the Russians said they
were fighting “heavy defensive en
gagements.”
The Germans,were throwing great
masses of men, guns and machines
into action as the struggle for the
possession of the vital Caucasian oil
fields gained in fury. Russian sol
diers were under orders to stand
their ground or die, but on several
sectors of the 250-mile front Ger
man numbers and mechanical su
periority appeared to be overcoming
the Russians.
(The German high command is
sued two special communiques an
nouncing the capture of Krasnodar
and Maikop, two key cities on the
approaches to Russia’s oil reserves.
The Germans also said their drive
had carried them to the northern
foothills of the Caucasus mountains.)
While the prize in the Caucasus
was oil, other Russian armies were
battling as courageously to protect
the industrial region of Stalingrad.
In this area'the Russians Were more
successful. Savage German attacks
being met by Russian counter at
(Continued on Pate Two; Col. 8)
2 KILLED,5HURT
IN PLANE CRASH
Big Army Bomber Falls In
Heavy Swamp Near Ra
leigh Golf Course
RALEIGH, A.ug. 9— (/P) —Two
men were killed and five injured
today when a medium Army bomb
ing plane crashed in the middle of
a swamp near the Raleigh airport.
As fire and smoke started en
gulfing the wreckage, several of
the injured began dragging their
comrades from the plane. Em
ployes of the airport and golfers
from a nearby course arrived
quickly and lent aid in taking the
men through more than 100 yards
of jungle-like underbrush and to
ambulances.
The crew was from the 315th
bombardment squadron, 21st Bom
bardment group, MacDill Field,
Fla.
John R. Rarrat with next of kin
at 2725 West 39th Place, Chicago,
died in a hospital. The other
killed was not positively identi
fied.
ine injured were nrst j-iieui.
Frank E. Warneken, Jr., in com
mand, of 206 McKinley avenue,
Grossepointe Farms, Mich.; Sec
ond Lieut. Elmer John Gedeon of
4621 Denmark ave., Cleveland;
Lawrence D. Glover, of Route one,
Hartford, Wash.; Michael A. Mag
nota, Jr., of 812 North Barrion
street, Elbion, Mich.; and Pvt.
Morris L. Clark of 207 Murcer
street, Durant, Mich. The names
were released at a hospital here
after the Army had given its per
mission.
The bomber was similar to one
that crashed last month near
Smithfield, killing seven, among
them Pfc. S. R. McDonald, for
mer sport seditor of the Raleigh
News and Observer.
Several small trees were snapped
(Continued on Page Eight; Col. 6)
WEATHER
FORECAST:
NORTH CAROLINA—Little change
in temperature, few widely scattered
thundershowers Monday.
(Meteorological data for the 24 hours
ending 7:30 p. m. yesterday);
(By V. S. Weather Bureau)
Temperature:
1:30 a. m. 77; 7:30 a. m. 78; 1:30 p. m.
86; 7:30 p. m. 79; maximum 88; minimum
76; mean 82; normal 78.
Humidity;
1:30 a. m. 88; 7:30 a. m. 90; 1:30 p. m.
62; 7:30 p. m. 82.
Precipitation:
Total for the 24 hours ending 7:30
p. m„ 1.06 inches; total since the first
day of the month, 2.54 inches.
TIDES FOR TODAY:
(From the Tide Tables published by
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey):
High Low
Wilmington _ 8:33a. 3:23a'
8:57p. 3:30p.
Masonboro Inlet - 6:16a. ^SOa.
6:36p. 12:22p.
Sunrise 5:30a; sunset 7:05p; moonrise
4:06a; moonset 6:09p.
(Continued on Paee Two: Coi. 8)
! m More Islands In Aussie Encirclement
. Tokyo has announced that Jap naval units had occupied strategic points in the
Kei, Aru and Tanibar islands in the Arafura sean orth of Australia. Allies have re
ported bombing Kei islands but have not mentioned others. Circles mark areas where
Japs now have bases north of Australia, including the new claims: Timor Arafura
sea;-New Guinea and New Britain and the Solomon islands.
Chinese Increase Push
In Province Of Kiangsi
CHUNGKING, China, Aug. 9.
— GP> —Supported by the Sky
Dragons of U. S. Brigadier Gen
eral Claire Chennault, Chinese
troops were reported tonight in
creasing their pressure against
the important Japanese strong
hold of Linchwan, in Kiangsi
province, while striking at Jap
anese forces in widespread areas
of China.
Front-line dispatches did not
elaborate on reports that the
United States airmen under Gen
eral Chennault had attacked
Linchwan but they have repeat
edly raided the city.
Chinese troops from Hu wan.
12 miles southeast of Linehwan,
have joined the attack. Hu wan,
the Chinese said, was burned
and evacuated by the Japanese
a few days ago.
Fighting also was reported in
the vicinity of Likiatn, 20 miles
northwest of Linehwan, where
the Chinese and Japanese faced
each other across the Fu river.
Thirty boatloads of Japanese
dead and wounded were said to
have gone to N'anchang from
the battle zone in the past few
(Continued on Page Two; Col. 6)
Body Of J. W. Bostian
Recovered From Canal
The body of J. W. Bostian, 21,
of Lake Village, who drowned in
the inland waterway late Friday
aftemoon, was recovered yester
day afternoon after about 24 hours
of grappling by authorities.
Bostian, in company with three
other persons, was riding in a
small boat which capsized in the
wake of a larger craft as it passed
them, it was learned. The others in
the party escaped witout injury,
but Bostian was not seen after the
craft tipped over.
The body was taken to Landis
last night where funeral services
will be ehld today at the Trinity
church there. 3
RAF PHOTOGRAPHS
BOMBING DAMAGE
Pictures Show Raids On
Germany To Have Big
Effect On Enemy
T n / 7D\ ’DAT?
connaissance photographs taken ;n
v/estern Germany disclose that the
recent big British raids caused
damage “which is certain to have
far-reaching effects on the enemy's
production of armaments and
munitions,” the Air Ministry News
service said tonight.
The announcement came on a
day of quiet on both the offensive
and defensive British aerial fronts.
Bad weather kept the RAF at
home last night. A single Nazi
plane dropped bombs harmlessly
on the East Coast last night and
was destroyed, while a few other
enemy planes flew over the north
and east of England, causing some
damage and a small number of
casualties, the government said.
Two enemy fighters dropped
bombs harmlessly on the south
coast this morning, an air and
Home Security ministries com
munique reported. During the
afternoon another pair of Nazi
planes machine-gunned and bomb
ed another point on the south coast,
(Continued on Paffe Two; Col. 2)
, ■ -V
Elite Guard Formations
In Finland Are Inspected
BERLIN, (From German
Broadcasts)—Aug. 9— (.IP) —
Kenrich Himmler, leader of
the Elite guard and chief of
the Gestapo, inspected Elite
guard formations in Finland
last week, it was announced
tonight. He was the guest of
President Jlisto Ryti and other
members of the Finnish gov
ernment, and on a visit to
headquarters of Baron Carl
Gustaf Mannerheim received
from the Finnish field marshal
the Grand Cross of Liberty
as a special token of the fight
ing alliance of the Finnish
army and the SS “Viking”
division, which includes Fin
nish volunteers, the DNB
agency said.
V.
FILIPINOS CONTINUE
BATTLE FOR HOMES
‘High In The Mountains
And In Jungles/
They Fight Japs
WASHINGTON, Aug. 9— CP) —
Operating from points “high in the
mountains and far in the jungles,”
fighting Filipinos are continuing the
battle against the Japanese forces
which have over-run the island,
President Manuel Quezon, president
of the commonwealth of the Philip
pines, said today.
Speaking over the Columbia Broad
casting System, President Quezon
said that "my Filipino countrymen
have fought beside your boys.” He
did not. however, state whether or
not he believed any American troops
to be participating in the guerrilla
fighting which he said continued in
the Jap-occupied islands.
Calling attention to the fact that
the Atlantic Charter was signed by
President Roosevelt and British
Prime Minister Churchill a year ago
this week, Quezon, who now lives
with his family near Washington,
called it a “worldwide charter.”
“It applies to the nations and the
peoples of all the world. It is a
charter for Europe and for America,
for Africa and for Australia, and—
let us be clear on this—it is a char
ter of freedom for the peoples of
Asia and all the Far East,” he said.
20 LIGHTERS SUNK
BY RAF IN AFRICA
Action Takes Place During
Last Three Weeks Off
Lybia And Egypt
CAIRO, Aug. 9— UP) —British
bombers, keeping up a continuous
assault on Field Marshal Erwin
Rommel’s supply lines, have sunk
20 Axis self-propelled lighters off
the Libyan and Egyptian coasts in
the past three weeks, the Middle
East news service said tonight.
In carrying capacity the lighters
“were the equivalent, at the most
conservative estimate,” to at least
1,500 three-ton trucks, the service
said.
The RAF bombed Tobruk har
bor Friday night, the service said,
starting fires in the jetty area and
among ships.
British general headquarters
said “enemy positions in the north
ern sector were engaged by our
artillery” Friday night.
On Saturday, it added, a light
bomber scored two hits on a small
enemy vessel, while RAF fighters
shot down three Messerschmitts
over Malta.
-V
TWO PLANES DOWNED
VALLETTA, Malta, Aug. 9—(IP)
—Two German fighters were shot
down over Malta when a consider
able number of enemy planes, ap
proached the island today, the
RAF announced
AERIAL ‘MARKERS’
FOUND BY AIRMEN
U. S. Fliers Locate Ingen
ious Pointers To Air
Fields, Factories
MITCHEL FIELD, N. Y., Aug.
9—Iff).—The existence of ingeniously
constructed markers which pointed
the way for enemy air attack on
vital eastern air fields and air
plane factories was disclosed today
by the First Ground Air Support
Command.
All of these subversice guides
have been eradicated and the dang
er to the war bases averted, said
Colonel Dache M. Reeves, com
.manding the Air Support group
which is a tactical unit of the First
Air Force.
The fate of those who built these
potential devices of. destruction
was not specifically detailed except
that the announcement said that in
each case investigation was made
by First Air Force Intelligence of
ficers and the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and the "proper ac
tion taken.’’
Photographs showing clearly the
subversive guides for enemy
bombers were released along with
the announcement, which describ
ed their location only as in the
eastern part of the United States.
One of the markers utilized a
natural footpath which had existed
in a quiet country section for
yearsg It appeared innocuous yet
500 yards from the end of the lane
a large “V” was made by baring
a section of earth and from the air
the combination became a perfect
arm#— pointing dead at an eastern
air base.
A large field was ploughed from
one end to the other except for a
middle section which was left fal
low in another case. This untouch
ed section — dark against the
ploughed background — formed an
arrow aiming at a nearby airplane
factory.
(Continued on Page Eight; Col. 2)
United States Will Link
Up With Burma Direct
By Radio-Telegraph Net
NEW YORK, Aug. 9— (TP) _ —
Direct radio telegraph service
between the United States and
Bermuda will he inaugurated
tomorrow by R. C. A. Com
munications, Inc., Radio Cor
poration of America announced
today.
The radio message circuit
will link New York with Hamil
ton. In the past, telegraph
service with Bermuda had
been operated by wire and
cable via Canada.
12 alHd”vessels
SUNK DURING WEEK
Destruction Of Ships In At
lantic Brings Announc
ed Total To 419
BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Destruction of 12 allied and meu
tral merchant vessels by Axis sub
marines operating in the Western
Atlantic was disclosed in official
announcements last week.
At least 62 seamen and passen
gers were killed and 52 others were
reported missing. More than 740
persons, however, were rescued
by United Nations’ craft and safely
landed at Caribbean and United
States ports.
Sinkings since Aug. 2 included
six Unted States merchantmen,
two Norwegian, one British, one
Russian, one Panamanian and one
{Continued on Page Eight; Col. 1)
RIOTS AND BLOODSHED
EXPLODE OVER INDIA;
GANDHI UNDER ARREST
---* - T
SECRECY SHROUDS
SABOTEURS’DEATH
No Details Available As To
Disposition Of Bodies
Of Executed Men
WASHINGTON, Aug. 9 — (£>)—
The same strict secrecy which sur
rounded eight Nazi saboteur special
ists during their trial for life before
a military tribunal continued today
to shroud six of them in death
and the two who didn’t die.
Office of War Information offici
als said that details of the dispo
sition of the bodies of the six who
were executed in the district jail’s
electric chair Saturday must come
from the White House Sources
there said Presidential Secretary
Stephen Early, From whom such
an announcement would normally
be expected, probably would not
be available today.
Thus, an official curtain was
drawn over the likely resting-place
of the half dozen who landed from
U-boats on a mission of sabotage
but met instead swift and deadly
justict.
But Berlin knew that Heinrich
Harm Heinch, Richard Quirin,
Edward John Kerling, Herbert
Hans Haupt, Werner Thiel and
Hermann Otto Neubauer were dead.
The British radio took care of that
last night, broadcasting the news
in several, languages to the Nazi
dominated European continent.
Snug in iron-barred safety,
George John Dasch and Earnest
i Peter Burger continued to live
today. The help they gave the
Government in sealing the fate of
the other six brought commutation
of their death sentences —Dasch’s
to 30 years and Berger’s to life,
both at hard labor.
L
NEW YORK, Aug. 9— (A5) —The
Rome radio, heard here by CBS,
offered the first Axis comment to
night on the execution of the six
(Continued on Page Eight; Col. 3)
vandenbIT asks
STUDY OF EVENUE
Calls For President To ‘Put
Best Minds In Country’
On Finance Plan
WASHINGTON, Aug. 9— (Ah —
Senator Vandenberg (R — Mich)
ruged today that President Roose
velt put “the best fiscal minds of
the country” at work immediately
on a plan of war financing that
would c o m b i n e taxation with
government borrowing in one com
prehensive program.
Declaring that only haphazard
attempts had been made thus far
to meet the threat of inflation in
herent in extensive government
borrowings from commer cial
banks, Vandenberg said he thought
work on this question ought to be
begun now, “not next month and
not after the election.”
“By the time the next tax bill
gets before the Senate,” the Michi
gan Senator told reporters, “Con
gress will have spent nine months
on an eight billion dollar segment
of a fifty billion dollar program.
Meanwhile, the Treasury with its
voluntary bond purchase program,
(Continued on Page Eight; Col. 5)
To Lead Commandos
R.-lUWWHHUW.WW. , . ....
Col. Robert T. Frederick lias
been named to command an Amer
ican-Canadian force of super-com
mandos just ordered into intensive
training at Helena, Mont., and
made up of picked specialists in
parachute and marine landings.
PICKED DIVISIONS
SENT TO ENGLAND
U. S. Forces Now Taking
Over Some Defense Area
In The British Isles
WITH THE U. S. GROUND
FORCES N ENGLAND, Aug. 9—
(/P)—The American Army is sending
“picked combat divisions” to Brit
ain and “the sooner a second front
could be opened the better,” Major
General M. W. Clark, commanding
general of U. S. Ground Forces in
Britain declared today at his first
press conference.
American troops already have
taken over some defense areas and
have been fitted into the British
plan to repel a Nazi invasion, the
general said, and then added:
“But obviously we are not here
to sit on the defensive.”
Shipping, he said, is the only bot
tleneck in American plans, and not
ed that his “exceedingly large
staff” quartered with him in an old
castle, is “ready to handle troops
as fast as they come and they are
coming by thousand upon thou
sand.”
As continental Europe awaited
with increasing agitation a threat
ened Allied invasion, the Russian
news agency, Tass, reported from
Geneva that a German motorized
infantry battalion, a field artillery
platoon and four m'dget tanks had
arrived in Vichy, capital of unoc
cupied France.
Quoting “reliable sources” in its
dispatch, Tass said the officers and
men wore French uniforms, and
that the’ arrival was believed to be
connected with growing unrest in
France.
General Clark, who at 46, is one
of the youngest generals to hold
a key position in the American
army, said that the arriving
American troops have been train
ed in amphibious warfare and are
ready to invade the continent at
once if necessary.
. “We could profitably use six
months more training, but this
(Continued on Page Two; Col. 3)
Nation Only Beginning
To Hit Stride, Says FR
President Roosevelt advised the
, nation today that “great progress
has been made in the battle of pro
duction, but, in terms-of what will
be required to defeat our enemies,
we have only just begun to get into
our stride.”
His statement was read by El
mer Davis, War Information direc
tor and keynoted brief addresses by
top government and labor officials,
calling attention to the presentation
tomorrow of the first of the new
Army-Navy production awards to
management and workers of 20 ma
jor war plants. The program was
carried by the Columbia Broad
casting System.
The President asserted that to
“win this war, an unceasing flood
of weapons and materials must
pour forth from the factories, ship
yards and mines of our country.”
An Army-Navy production flag fly
ing above a factor or mine, Mr.
Roosevelt said, "will bear witness
that management and labor there
(Continued on Pare Two: Col.
&
Big Cargo Plane Service
Across Atlantic Planned
LOS ANGELES,Aug . 9— m —
TWA is planning a trans-Atlantic
air schedule designed eventually to
send 24 huge cargoplanes daily
across the ocean in the service of
the U. S. Army.
The airline said a regular five
plane daily schedule will be inaug
urated shortly. As soon as equip
ment and crews are abailable.
transocean flights every hour on
the hour will be started.
Brig. Gen. Harold Lee George,
commanding officer of the Army
Air Transport Command, author
ized the announcement, Charles
Hammond, TWA’s western person
nel director, said.
At the same time it was reported
the company’s stratoliner planes,
formerly operated between Los An
geles and New York, have been
flying the Atlantic for several
month® 3
•
W
FRENZIED MOBS RISE
Loot Shops, Battle Police,
Burn Houses In Cam
paign Of Violence
‘DO OR DIE' IS I SLOGAN
Disregard Leader's Advict
On Passive Resistance; ;
Many Strikes \
BOMBAY, Aug. 9.—(/P)—.
Mohandas K. Gandhi’s new
do-or-die campaign to cast off
the British rule in India ex
ploded into bloodshed and
riotous violence today.
Frenzied mobs, rising at
their leader’s call, looted
shops, battled police, stopped
trams and burned buses and
police posts in heedless violation of
i Gandhi’s own cautious counsel tc>
stick strictly to passive civil dis*
obedience.
The British Government of India,
alert to the challenge to public or
der in this vital pillar of an embat
tled empire, promptly arrested 72
year-old Gandhi and all his prin
cipal collaborators in the National
ist-All-India Congress Party, and
met the outbreaks with tear gas
and direct gunfire.
The All-India Congress Party and
its committees were officially des
ignated as unlawful organiations
dangerous to the public peace.
Greatest of all the unruly ast
semblies in Bombay was a mass
Ji Park n the heart of the city Ob
Ji Park in the heart of the city Olj
lufo.
Police broke up the gathering by
using smoky, short-lived tear gas
for the sixth time since morning,
but not before speakers read and
distributed to the crowd this mes
sage from Gandhi:
“Every man is free to go to the
fullest length under Ahimsa (non*
violence) for complete deadlock by
strikes and all other possible
means.”
(Continued on Page Two; Col. 7)
MAIKOP^ CAPTURED
IS GERMAN CLAIM
Nazis Say Oil Region Tak
en And Foothills Of
Caucasus Reached
BERLIN (From German Broad
casts) Aug. 9—GP)—Mechanized de
tachments of the German army
stormed and captured tonight the
town of Maikop, center of the im
portant oil region on the northern
edge of the Caucasus, the hig>.
command announced in the second
of two special communiques issued
since noon.
The first of the two claimed Nazi
troops had taken the Cacasian
city of Krasnodar about 60 miles
northwest of Maikop. The regular
communique said Axis troops had
reached the foothills of the Cau
casus on a 250-mile front.
(Krasnodar which had a popula
tion of about 225,000 in peace times,
lies on the navigable Kuban river,
and is an important railway junc
The special communique said
German infantry divisions, sup
ported by the air force, broke
through strongl fortified positions
(Continued on Page Two; Col. 6)
CD Needs
Auxiliary Firemen: 173
(MEN ONLY)
Duties: Similar to regular
firefighting forces.
Training: General course,
Fire Defense A, and B, First
Aid, 10 hours.
Enlisted to date: 27. Quota:
200.
Enlistments yesterday:
Red Cross _ 16
Air Raid Warden _ 1
Medical Corps _ 1
Control Room__ 1
Auxiliary Firemen.. 1
| TOTAL. 20