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North Carolina’s Oldest Daily Newspaper
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By The Wilmington Star-New*
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stories appearing in The Wilmington Star.
MONDAY, JANUARY 25, 1943
With confidence in our armed
forces — with the unbounding de
termination of our people—we will
gain the inevitable triumph — so
help us God.
—RooseveltV War Message
Our Chief Aim
To aid in every way the prosecu
tion of the war to complete vic
tory. _
— THOUGHT FOR TODAY
Whatever be one’s lot it is best, as
someone has wisely said, “to make the
most of the best and the least of the
worst.’’
—From “The Lutheran.”
-V
Chile
The nineteenth Latin American country to
unite with the United Nations, Chile places
in the balance against the Axis almost illimi
table resources of vital materials for war.
From the Peruvian border southward to
Cape Horn, Chile unrolls in a narrow ribbon
for 2,600 miles through three distinct zones—
the mineral-studded deserts of the north, the
agricultural midlands, and the forest belt of
the south. Throughout its entire length, this
marginal strip of South America, averaging
about 100 miles in width, is edged by the Pa
cific ocean on the west and by the towering
Andes on the east.
In the north, stretches of gray and yellow
green sand and rock indicate the famous ni
trate country,' with by-product and additional
resources in iodine, sa<*, borax, and sulphur.
In this region are also copper, iron, manga
nese, gold, silver, and other ores. Farther
south are sizable coal deposits.
Nitrate provided the chief source of national
income during the first World war. Although
copper exports now amount to more than
half the total value of mineral shipments, ni
trate shipments to the United States last year
were estimated at more than 800,000 tons.
Half way down the coast, Chile becomes in
sular as well as continental. This insular do
main, the Patagonian archipelago, comprises
a loose mosaic of islands and islets extend
ing to the tip of the continent. Gulfs, bays
and inlets abound. Patagonian channels, in
general, are deep with steep shores.
The sea has much influence on Chilean life.
It modifies the extremes of climate, offers
many good harbors and anchorages, changes
the course of ships by the strong “set” of the
Humboldt current, shapes plans and fortunes
by its winds and tides and fogs, is the where
withal of sizable fishing and whaling industry,
provides routes for the shipment of strategic
materials. It gives access to needed ma
chinery, textiles and petroleum, sustains a
coastal trade amounting to 1,600,000 tons in
1939. Moreover, the sea serves for boundary
all of Chile’s twenty-four provinces, except
three, extend from the Pacific to the interna
tional frontier.
Of the country’s twelve cities with 25,000 or
more people, five are ports. Through all ports
in 1940 passed imports valued at $101,422,000,
and exports amounting to nearly $140,000,000.
Compared to the ease of using the sea gate
way, the mountain wall to the east is a formi
dable barrier pierced by few passes. Moun
tain-bred rivers, seeking a ready-made out
let, head for the coast. | Some peter out in
desert region. Midland rivers are the biggest,
and are navigable for about 850 miles.
Nowhere is there a community far from
the coast. A railway zigzags along the shore
line, the longest link in the nation’s 5,750 mile
network. Coastal and interior highways fit
for motor traffic total about 20,000 miles.
A chain of naval wireless stations operates
from coastal sites. Cables linked with the
country’s telegraph system connect the chief
ports with the outside world by way of the
Panama Canal, and by overland linkage with
cables terminating at Buenos Aires.
$ A
| Outlook Brighter
The Axis still occupies much more Russian
territory than has been retaken in the Red
counter-offensive. Total victory in North
Africa is still to be achieved. Nazi-occupied
countries in Europe are still under Hitler’s
heel. The Japanese still have the upper hand
in the Pacific. These are indisputable facts.
They point to a long-drawn-out and bitter
war.
On the other hand, the Nazis are not hold
ing in Russia, but retreating with tremendous
losses in men and war tools. The fighting in
North Africa, save where French troops are
unable to hold in the central Tunisian up
lands, is going against the Axis. And the
Japanese, despite repeated desperate attempts
to regain lost footholds in New Guinea and
Guadalcanal, and expeditions intended to in
crease their conquests, are steadily losing
their grip and suffering losses in men, planes
and ships that even they, with their vast re
serves, cannot well overcome.
The situation, then, in the global war and
on the hundred and more fronts, is not as
grave as might appear by referring to the
Atlas and measuring territory under enemy
control. The fact that counts most is that
the Axis has lost its striking power. When
once it was using a sledge it now seems to
have nothing more powerful than a tack ham
mer.
The persistent and effective bombing of Ger
many’s war industrial centers and Axis-operat
ed rail lines is breaking up Hitler’s replace
ment system. The activities of planes, sub
marines and surface craft in the Mediterra
nean are hampering his attempts to get an
effective force into operation in North Africa,
despite the eastern Tunisian posts he controls.
The blasting of Japanese bases and particu
larly, of late, Rabaul, which is Tokio’s sec
ond strongest outpost, second only to Truk,
and Japan’s inability to get its new airfield
at Munda into heavy operation, is placing a
handicap upon the Oriental enemy’s opera
tions in the Pacific.
These things do not show on the maps, but
they certainly reflect a brighter, more heart
ening, outlook. They may even justify the
thought which has taken deep root in public
and some official thinking that the war may
be brought to a successful conclusion in 1943.
At the same time, and in the way that a
baseball team plays the harder the moment
it sees the other team weakening, these en
couraging signs ought to signal greater effort
on home fronts all around the world, wherever i
the United Nations extend, that the victory j
may be hastened. In no case, at no place,
should they bring complacency or a slacken
ing of effort.
-V
Don't Forget Montgomery
General Alexander, whose planning has
been rewarded with the capture of Tripoli,
is mentioned in London dispatches as possible
commander in the next major United Nations
offensive. It detracts nothing from his splen
did exploit in Africa to note, however, that
without General Montgomery, the commander
in the field, General Alexander would have
found his task more difficult and even, per
haps, impossible.
There is generally too great a predisposi
tion to undervalue the work of the men who
actually fight battles, the ’men upon whom
rests the execution of plans drafted at head
quarters and who must make instant decisions
according to the trends of fighting, of which
headquarters cannot have foreknowledge.
Throughout the 1,300-mile pursuit of Rommel
out of Egypt and across Libya, Montgomery,
with the general battle plans drafted in Alex
andria, had often to change his tactics and
his route to prevent the wily Nazi commander
from fanning his forces out for effective coun
ter-thrusts.
If he had lacked ability to meet emergen
cies, if he had been unable to keep his supply
and communication lines functioning properly,
General Alexander would have lost precious
advantages and Rommel might have saved a
great part of his forces to fight another day.
As it is, the tattered remnant of his army is
somewhere in that corridor called “bomb al
ley” seeking a junction with Axis forces in
Tunisia.
This inclination to minimize the execution
of orders from above in successful war opera
tions was illustrated in our own war with
Spain, at the Battle of Santiego, when the
Spanish fleet in Cuba was wiped out. The
man who fought that battle was ^Commodore
Schley, but credit for the victor?/ was claim
ed by, and went to, Admiral Sampson who
at the time was cruising at a distance on his
flagship and had no part in the conflict. True,
plans had been drawn for dealing with the
Spanish fleet if it attempted to escape. But if
a man less capable than Schley had the exe
cution of those plans in hand when the at
tempt was made the enemy ships might have
escaped. It was Schley’s prompt action, and
his clear vision of the need, that won the Battle
of Santiego.
By the same token we believe that credit
for winning this victory in Africa belongs to
General Montgomery, even though it was his
superior who planned it.
-T-V-- '
Help the Doctors
So far in this war, the doctors have quietly
endeavored to comply with military as well
as civilian needs. Out of a total of 155,000
medical men in the nation, over forty thousand
are giving their skills to the military services.
And the heroic job they are doing in faraway
4
comers of the world is well attested to by the
recent comment of Admiral Ross T. Mclntire,
Surgeon General of the Navy: "On Guadal
canal scores of doctors and hundreds of mem
bers of the medical corps operate American
field hospitals under continuous fire. . . . We
have suffered heavy casualties among our
medical personnel in these operations.” The
Marines are no exception. The doctors are
everywhere that battles are being fought.
As far as civilian health is concerned, one
of the toughest problems is the nurse and the
general labor shortage. But the doctors re
maining at home are taking steps to alleviate
this shortage, even as they are working out
a definite program of civilian medical care.
All that they need is cooperation on the part
of the public. Securing this cooperation is not
made easier by the activities of hysterical
extremists who would arbitrarily ration doc
tors like bicycles, with the ultimate aim of
socializing medicine.
-V
Banks on the Job
Small business must be saved if the free
enterprise system is to be saved. No one
knows this better than large business. How
to keep small business afloat in the growing
flood of restrictions on the supply and distri
bution of materials, is a grave problem.
Senator Murray of Montana, chairman of
the Special Senate Committee on Small Busi
ness, has pointed out in effect that the banks
are carrying the main burden at present in
keeping small business alive. The local
banker, more than any other agency, is in a
position to aid the local business in meeting
financial and operational difficulties.
Consultation with the banker often spells
new life for an enterprise otherwise faced
with extinction from the exigencies of war.
And every enterprise thus saved is as valua
ble to the cause of freedom as a military vic
tory. Conversely, every independent enter
prise that closes its doors is in the nature of
a defeat.
CONGRESSIONAL
'SUTTLETIES'
The Inside On The Washington Scene
Of Interest To The Carolinas
BY HOWARD SUTTLE
(The Star-News Washington Bureau)
DRY DOCK FOR WILMINGTON
WASHINGTON.—Efforts of Senators Josiah
W. Bailey and Robert R. Reynolds and Repre
sentative J. Bayard Clark to obtain a govern
ment-financed dry dock for Wilmington have
apparently at last borne fruit.
Although its exact size and specifications
are not yet decided, officials of the Navy De
partment and Maritime Commission are un
derstood to have agreed to lay plans for a
dry dock to be constructed for"the North Caro
lina port city, Senators Bailey and Reynolds
and Representative Clark have been so ad
vised.
It was understood, however, that present
plans do not contemplate dry dock facilities
sufficiently large to enable treatment at Wil
mington of the new Liberty vessels construct
ed at the yards of the North Carolina Ship
building company.
Because of this uncertainty, J. T. Hiers,
secretary of the Wilmington Port Commis
sion, has been in Washington the past week
seeking to ascertain definitely just how far
the Navy’s Bureau of Ships plans to go with
reference to creating facilities that will make
the New Hanover port city adequate for maxi
mum utilization in the war effort.
Mr. Hiers will doubtless be unable to in
fluence the Army’s services of supply divis
ion, headed by General Brehon B. Somervell,
to declare Wilmington a port of embarkation.
It is possible, however, that the North Caro
lina port city may be accepted as a sort of
sub-port to the port of embarkation at Charles
ton.
Certainly General Somervell and Navy offi
cials are pleased with the cooperation ren
dered by Wilmington leaders and with their
eagerness to be of greater aid. This spirit
has influenced Washington to at least give
more consideration to the Wilmington port’s
possibilities and will doubtless mean more
shipping—but how much more is still a matter
of conjecture.
OIL BARGE TERMINAL SET UP
When* the trans-Florida pipe line is opened
about February 1, bringing an additional 35,
000 barrels of petroleum for shipment to South
eastern and Eastern points over the inland
waterway, Wilmington will become a terminal
for inovement of oil into the interior.
Senator Reynolds expects that opening of
the pipe line will provide a measure of relief
to citizens of the petroleum famine area, but
warned North Carolinians not to expect any
substantial increase in gasoline rationing al
lotments.
The winter has been unusually severe and
supplies of fuel oil have run very low through
out the Southeast and East, the Senator point
ed out. "It will, therefore, be necessary to
utilize all posible facilities to make more ade
quate the fuel oil supply and thus prevent
citizens whose homes are heated by oil from
becoming ill from exposure.
Then, too, Senator Reynolds said, the petro
leum demands of the military, increasing as
the United Nations launch greater offensives,
must be met.
ARTHUR FARMER DECORATED
When, a squadron of 14 enemy bombing
planes attacked the merchant ship whose arm
ed guard crew included Coxswain Arthur L.
Farmer, of Wilmington, the New Hanover lad
“courageously” manned his gun, remained at
his post throughout several raids and aided
in bringnig down inflames two of the attack
ing bombers.
Because of his bravery in these encounters,
Coxswain Farmer, son of Mrs. Katie Teresa
Cox, of 110 North Eighth street, has earned
the Navy’s Silver Star decoration.
The award was made, according to the
Navy Department, “for conspicuous gallan
try. . . .in courageously manning his gun
during persistent raids which swept down upon
the convoy, he contributed to the withering
hail of fire Which disrupted 14 low-lying
bombers »nd shot two of them down in
flames.”
$500,000 ARMY IMPROVEMENTS
Contracts for expansion of Army facilities in
New Hanover county totalling approximately
$500,000 were awarded bv the War ^part
\
GROUNDED
*5%
MAT Ll
. HEKT
V? -
Civilian Defense
Timetable
BASIC TRAINING COURSES
New Hanover High school, room
109, at 8 p. m.
Monday night. Fire Defense A
Tuesday night General Course
GAS DEFENSE B
Classes to be held at the New
Hanover High school room 109, at
8 p. m. every other Wednesday
commencing Wednesday night Jan
uary 27, February 10 and 24. All
volunteers registered with O. C. D.
are urged to make plans to com
plete the course.
FIRST AID 10 HOURS
All volunteers registered with
O. C. D. are urged to make plans
to complete the course during the
week beginning January 25.
High school—Room 106, at 8 p.
m. January 25, 26, 27, 28, 29.
FIRST AID 10 HOURS
Each Thursday night, at Trailer
Camp Office at 7 p. m. Lewis
Weinberg, instructor.
NEGRO CLASSES
Will be announced at earliest
date possible.
ment here during the past few
days.
Specific sites of the expansion
were not made public. Neither
were exact figures of each con
tract.
Biggest slice of the total went
to R. F. Kirkpatrick, of Burling
ton, assigned the job of construct
ing temporary frame buildings,
utilities, a sprinkler system and
walkways.
Another contract for temporary
frame buildings went to T. A. Lov
ing and company, of Goldsboro.
P. S. West Construction company,
of Statesville, was authorized to
remodel barracks, a storehouse
and mess hall, while F. D. Lewis,
of Greensboro, was given a sewage
lift station assignment. The West
company also received a contract
for construction of a repair shop,
remodeling of a dormitory, remod
eling of a control tower and in
stallation of an induced-draft fan.
-V
The Literary Guidepost
By JOHN SELBY
“Guadalcanal Diary.” by Richard
Trekaskis (Random $2.50).
“Guadalcanal Diary” is the day
by-day record of the things Richard
Tregaski saw when our forces land
ed on Guadalcanal, and after. It is
not a polished and balanced book,
but a diary as the title indicates. It
was not written from behind the
lines, but from the lines. And Mr.
Tregaski is rather a different type
of correspondent.
He is a New Jersey man who
graduated from Harvard, worked on
The Crimson while in college and
on the Boston American afterward.
When he went to the International
News Service he had a good record
behind him, and one unusual quali
fication for foreign service. This was
a thorough knowledge of Portu
guese. His superiors sent him to
Hawaii, where nobody speaks Por
tuguese, but where war had begun.
Trekasgi did well in Hawaii, and
was chosen to cover the South Seas
offensive when it was plotted. The
ship that took him down was later
sent off on a less dangerous mission
and Treskasgis changed vessels so
that he could be in on Guadalcanal.
It was a good assignment for him
he is a very fine swimmer, has his
health, eats enormously, according
to his associates, and is six feet sev
en barefoot. He makes little of the
additional fact that he has nerve,
and was not annoyed when told that
if he were captured he would be
swarmed over by the Nipponese
dwarfs, who would use him as an
observation post.
Like Pepys, Tregaskis has a ge
nius for diary-keeping, albeit there
is little similarity of content between
the two. He, meaning Tregaskis,
mixed well. Boys from Carolina, Ne
wark, Boston, talked readily with
him. He remembered little things—
the fiwst casualty on Guadalcanal
was a youngster who chopped his
own hand with a machete, trying to
open a cocoanut; there was wild re
joicing when the men turned a cap
tured Japanese safe into an oven
and baked real bread. He also re
membered to get names and addres
ses, most of which are included with
the benediction of the censor, no
doubt.
But the heat and the hell are in
the book, too. The original landing
on the island was accomplished
with amazing ease; the trouble came
later, and plentifully. Perhaps be
cause Tregaskis has not tried for
a connected narrative, the sense of
immediacy is very great in his book.
And the book will be good for the
Book-of-the-Month audience which
receives it
Raymond Clapper Says:
Proposal To Limit Army,
Increase Supplies Heard
By RAYMOND CLAPPER
WASHINGTON—A proposal mat
the United States limit its armed
forces, and supply munitions and
food while leaving our allies to
provide the bulk of the soldiers,
has been tossed in for considera
tion in Congress.
This suggestion is sponsored by
Senator Bankhead of Alabama, one
of the leaders of the farm bloc. It
is receiving sympathetic interest
from farm-bloc members, and Sen
ator Wheeler, the chief pre-war iso
lationist, indicates interest and
concern at the rate men are be
ing taken out of production into
the Army.
Senator Bankhead’s idea, as he
explains it to the Senate, is that
we have 7 million men in uniform
ar.d that to continue to draw, per
haps at ths rate of 400,000 men a
month, will endanger war produc
tion, both agricultural and indus
trial — although he is especially
worried about the loss of men from
the farms; Senator Bankhead has
offered a resolution calling for a
study of this situation by the Sen
ate Appropriations Committee with
a view to considering fixing a limit
for the armed forces. He offers
the suggestion that Russia and
China are populous countries and
are in contact with the enemy,
so that they could well furnish the
Oulk of the soldiers instead of our
w-uding troops thousands of miles
across the ocean. The United
es would concentrate on send
ing munitions and food.
If there is any public encourage
ment for such a proposal it is like
lv to gain strength in Congress.
Among other things, the shortage
of farm manpower provides very
real incentive for some readjust
ment.
This general idea also feeds m
the feeling of some in the war
agencies that we are raising a
larger army than can be shipped
abroad. Then thdre is another line
of talk from some of the United
Nations people to the effect that
the large American army is a new
form of military isolation and that
the Wa*r Department is thus eating
up equipment at home when we
would be doing more against the
Axis by mobilizing fewer men and
releasing more equipment to send
aoi oad. So there are numerous
pulls in the same direction.
The Army’s ansyer to all this is,
blunt and simple. It is that those
who want to cut down or hold down
the size of the Army are in effect
suggesting that the Army defeat
the Axis with smaller forces than
it considers necessary to do the
job.
The Army’s answer to all this is
search for the most direct ways
to defeat Germany and Japan they
must consider manpower, shipping,
v;ar production and every other
limiting factor, and then make
their best practical estimates of
w'l at is needed and of what can be
oone. They argue that the Army is
considering all these questions—
and with more complete informa
tion perhaps than others possess.
It makes sense.
The siege of Leningrad, and
what the Russians are doing, sug
gests that we have hardly begun
to tap our real reserves of man
power and grinding effort at home.
We are doing nothing compared
with what the Germans are doing
or the British, in utilizing our la
bor resources. We are still honey
combed with jobs as usual and
life as usual.
The submarine menace is as
great as ever. Almost ahead of
everything else for the time being
should come escort ships and all
that goes with anti-submarine war
fare. But the Army people know
that. They know that their aif
foice will be grounded unless gaso
line is tanked across the ocean in
"umcient quantity. They should
be as much interested in striking a
practical balance as any civilians
in the Administration or in Con
gress could be.
Thdse matters, and how much
“ "my we should raise, are ques
tions that public discussion can
ra se but cannot hope to answer.
Congress may ask questions and
serve some useful purpose in forc
ing officials to double-check 'heir
programs. But Congress can't ans
wer such questions.
-V
You’re
Telling Me
A fair sight indeed will be the
post-war conventions of veteran or
ganizations of the Waacs, Waves
and Spars.
» * *
“Food Hoarding Continues”—
headline. Who’d ever thought a
can of beans would ever become
a collector’s item? '
* * *
Even if there is a meat short
age, says Zadok Dumkopf, this is
no time for any pork barrel legis
lation.
• • ♦
Nazi propagandists would
have us believe Rommel is just
backing up for a flying start.
A flying start for home?
Interpreting
The War
By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER
If the Germans have found a way
to make practical use of ov. -_en j
operating a submarine's Dies°| mo_
tor while submerged, as they claim
then they have made one of the
greatest advances in undersea war,
fare since the modern submarine
was first developed about '0 yea”
ago. But great stress must be la-;fl
on the "if” in view of thorny pro',
lems involved in supplying and
ing oxygen equipment in place o(
standard electrical propulsion ma!
chinery.
The German radio reported Satur.
day night that a new type of
marine which would operate on com
pressed oxygen was under construe
tion. An inventor identified only a,
"Andre” was credited in th» broad,
cast with having found a way to
compress the gas to a decree 4oo
times greater than heretofore possj.
ble. The gas, the Germans sav, j,
fed into the regular Diesel engines
of the submarine which arc, how-,
ever, equipped with special cy|jn.
ders.
Much skepticism arises from the
fact that the Germans made the an
nouncement at all. If they were
building such a U-boat they mi'lit
be expected to keep quiet about it
until they could employ its revolt:,
tionary characteristics to good ad
vantage in combat — to use it as
a "secret weapon.”
The broadcast may have been de
signed, however, to alarm the Al
lies, already seriously concerned ov
er U-boat successes in the Atlantic
and to cheer up the German peer,It!
who may need a propaganda shot
in-the arm to counter Axis setbacks
in Russia and Africa and in the air
war over Germany.
The advantages of a submarine
which could be driven under the
sea by other than electrical ■ power
are enormous. Standard American
subs, like those of other nations, are
driven on the suffice by Diesel ra.
gines which simultaneously charce
huge banks of storage batteries ito
furnish the power for propoision
when submerged.
There are four disadvantages t„
this system:
The batteries weigh many tons,
They occupy about one fourth o(
the total space inside the hull.
When salt water comes into contact
with them, a constant danger, they
give off a highly poisonous gas.
When a submarine is driven at full
speed while submerged the batter
ies run down quickly, and even at
slow speed they are exhausted in a
few hours.
These factors limit the amount of
torpedoes and other "pay cargo
whic ha submarine can carry and
also circumscribes its operations.
Thus, in dangerous waters a sub
marine normally stays down by day
to prevent discovery, but surfaces
at night to charge Us batteries.
Scientists seeking a method of us
ing internal combustion motors
while a submarine is submersed
have had two primary problems:
The first was how to store the
oxygen in sufficient quantities to
provide adequate fuel for submerg
ed operations on long voyages or
else how to make lightweight oxy
gen plants, built into the subs,
which could extract and purify the
gas from the air.
Second, what to do with exhaust
gases. Assuming that they could be
blown out of a submerged submarine
under great pressure, they would
still leave a tell-tale wake of bub
bles on the surface of the ocean.
That would destroy the submarine's
most valuable characteristic — its
ability to hide from surface and air
craft
The German radio suggested a
possible answer to the first of these
problems by claiming that inventor
“Andre” had found how to compress
oxygen to a degree 400 tomes great
er than heretofore possible. That
would mean that a one cubit foot
container could hold as much of the
gas as a 400 cubic toot container
previously held.
Hut this is only a partial solution
to the problem. The radio did not
say how heavy the containers have
to be to bold the highly compressed
gas without danger of explosion nor
how many containers were required
for a long voyage.
The Germans claim that elimina
tion of batteries in the new typ
sub saves 60 tons of "eight an
much space. If that is true, it "ou
be a great gafn in submarine con
Struction, but it implies almost ■_
believable strength combined
light weight in the oxygen ,u’1'
But the Germans whipped a
insuperable engineering did-. ^
during World War 1 to pro<l««
successful type of submarine. . ■
over, in the present war the ^
man subs reputedly arc mr 1,1'a ,
ed over the U-boats of V !'<*
in their ability to descend to ?r
dephths.
Thus there can be no qiii.-tion
the great technical ability of
enemy in U-boat design. ){
This very fact, however, '
relied upon by German propas*
ists to lend the color of !:ut ,
claims of a formidable rev. urt1'
sea war craft which in fact does
exist.
-V
Factographs
Would-be military experts c*”j
seem to agree on when the ‘
conflict will end. Some ol eu> 1 ur
been predicting ■•>. short
quite a long time.
* * •
re W"
No special snow trams ^
ing operated by the Canadian
tional railways this season ^o .
ter sports centers in the ^l{ri0
tian mountains, but result11 frJ
service will be available u
enthusiasts
I