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__ Served By Leased Wire Of The . ^ ^ -- associated press 1 11 ^ . /ITT . . + d W REMEMBER s tumngtim iiimnutg s>tar ™ir _ —TT77 --------_ — ■ - VOL. <6^ :-— WILMINGTON, N. C., MONDAY, AUGUST 16, 1943 FINAL FniTTON FSTARLISHFD 1SR7 East May Get Gas Increase In Two Weeks OPA General Manager Teiis Of Plans To Raise Allotment must exercise care Public Told Shipments To Seaboard To Be Stepped Up Soon WASHINGTON, Aug. 15. _4/P)_The Office of Price Administration held out the “hope"’ tonight that Eastern motorists might get a half gallon increase in their basic gasoline ration of 1 .1-2 gal lons a week, but said .they would have to earn it by their own driving economy in the next two weeks. Chester Bowles, general manager of OPA, told of plans to divert to tne eastern shortage area the fuel expect ed to be saved daily through the ration cut from four to three gallons effective at midnight in the Midwest and {Southwest, Then he added in a (Blue Network) broadcast: ‘At the present time East Coast gasoline inventories 1 ?-e only about 30 ner cent of fup i94i level. The fact is that we cannot eliminate the bon on non-essential driving a"d we can not increase the ‘A’ ration in the East unless we are mighty careful during the next two weeks. Must Live Lp lo Ban "We’ve got to step up our ship ments of gasoline east according to schedule. And. in addition, you folks here in the East must live up to this ban on non-essential driv ing. If we fail to do this, we will find ourselves in the same old pre dicament—with dry tanks and thou sands of trucks and industrial work ers’ cars stalled by the roadside.” In addition to the cut to three gal 1 Ions per “A” coupon in the states I west of the Appalachians and east I of the Rockies, there will be a top I limit of 480 miles per month in 1 stead of 720 miles for "B” card ■ holders in that area. A Meanwhile, some 30,000 busses and 23,000 taxicabs are to be re fm lieved tomorrow from the 20 per W cent emergency mileage reduction ordered last spring in the 12 north eastern states, part of West Virgin ia and the District of Columbia. In mentioning the prospective half-gallon increase for "A” card holders in tne E'ast, Bowles said that he hoped that this could come "In early September.” The size of the increase bore out previous unofficial suggestions that Easterners not get too excited about what was coming. Translat ed into driving terms, that two quait weekly increase comes to about eight miles, enough for about mile away 1P t0 3 gl'°Cery half a Bowles set September 1 as the fate toeing ‘he pleasure driv reSPn1(lhlb-tl0n in ,he nor‘seast but ed onh iS«1Ze? th3t U COl,Id be rais‘ d only if observance were good OpTenfr’6 stock‘building period, ure H,- • Cement of the no-pleas bated 'fnr^w0 continue una telenhn* itha t,me under orders tne t0 branch officaa yes erw' S°me areas had let up on rule riafe hearing that the Tb!n d bc rescinded. cized a,P3ieneral manager criti as thoughtless” the objec 'toniiiijccl on Page Three; Col. 2) - Draft Of Fothers Seen Certain By October 1, Unless Congress Moves WASCHINGTON, Aug. 15.— (Aft—Unless Congress inter venes, some hitherto draft proof fathers of children born before September 15, 1942, ap pear certain to be drafted into the armed services October 1, the War Manpower Commis sion believes. Lawrence Appley, WMC ex ecutive director, acknowledged at a press conference yester day that this is likely. While hope has been expressed in some quarters that induction of fathers might be delayed gen erally beyond October 1, Ap pley observed that induction on that date “looks definite.” Simultaneously WMC issued new draft orders designating several additional jobs as non deferable. The commission al so acted to prevent workers throughout the nation from moving from one town to an other to take a new job with out WMC’s permission. BRITONDECLARES LUFTWAFFE HURT A i r Marshal Coningham Says Northwest Air Force Supreme AT TACTICAL AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS IN SICILY, Aug 15.—!/P)—Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham declared today that the German air force “has been knock ed out of the skies as far as we are concerned” and that maximum help to Allied ground forces was now the aim of the Northwest Afri ca tactical air force. However, the commander told war correspondents at a press con ference that “we are getting out of the fine weather area” in the push northward. "What has been done here in the air cannot be done in Europe,” he said. “We have had months of the most perfect weather here in the Mediterranean. Our armies are rather inclined to take for grantd the kind of air support we are giving, but they must learn to do for themselves some of the work we have been doing.” Coningham said another month of perfect flying conditions could be expected in the Mediterranean, while meteorological records show ed that in Europe generally “on only two or three days out of five 1 can the ground be seen from 6,000 j feet. “Without a spell of what once j was called “Hitter weather’ we can not do in Europe what we have done here,” the marshal continued. “The German army is learning to fight without air covering. We are not. That is to be expected, because I expect not only to have our tremendous air superiority to the end of the war, but to see it increased.” naaDorating on ms view mai me German air forces had ceased to be a decisive factor in the Medi terranean war, Coningham said the Germans were at present able to operate planes effectively in the defense of Western Europe against attacks from Britain, but that its once formidable power in this thea ter was gone. He described the German air losses as “astronomical.” While Nazi planes remain very good, the German personnel ap pears to have suffered “a com plete loss of fighting spirit,” he said. He said the crewmen were “not efficient and their wastage of machines is terrific.” “Their new Junkers-88 (bomber) has a device for throwing in gas which appears to have increased the -plane’s speed about 60 miles an hour,” he said, but added that the speed-up quickly burns out the twin engines. He said the Messerschmitt fighters had new en gines. At present, he estimated, half of Germany’s air power is engaged on the Russian front and the other (Continued on Page Five: Col. 4) Uiur chill Back In Quebec After Meeting With FDR Aug, 15.—(A?)—Prime t, -n I6’’ Cnurchiil of Britain re 0, pn,ed today tQ the scene of the Lr C war conference after a Lf inary n'eeting with Presi StatesROOSeVelt “l the United Chureliilj came from the Roose vSreT 3t H>’de Park. N. Y., daughter v,PUme, minister and his President haIC been visiting the three ri-t.and Mls‘ Roosevelt for Washinrtn8’ !!-e White House at ann0Ur,p °n dlsclosed in a brief iRc““nt- The President ine he. ^ Washington before com Houae added Week” the White Wai- 'C.!uSltins of the conduct of the ■npi-oere0 !fellminary, have been of staff n/Dhere.between the chiefs since FriaBntain and Canada and of Britain 3yJnisht’ between those C "iahnd the United States, over, the lA, , rehearsals about to begin i ,i,dress show is about m this history-saturated < provincial capital. And there is lit tle room for doubt that it will be translated, at the times and places which secret Allied strategy dic tates, into those “major develop ments in this war” upon whose threshold Mr. Roosevelt says the United Nations stand. Here in Quebec it is generally ac cepted that the developments are most likely to come in the Medi terranean and perhaps in western Europe in the form of daring in vasions of the Axis’ continental fortress. Reporters crowding around as Churchill descended from his' six car special train got in one ques tion: “What do you expect to ac complish?” “What they call in the United States, no comment,” the ruddy prime minister replied, grinning and holding up a cautioning fore finger. | (Continued on Page Two; Col. 4) £ Submarine Pickerel And Destroyer Maddox Head The List NO DETAILS REVEALED Commanders Of Two Larg est Ships Are Missing In Action WASHINGTON, Aug. 15. —(IP)—Six U. S. war ships, battling the Axis thi'oughout the world, have gone to the bottom in the last two months the Navy reported today. The submarine Pickerel and destroyer Maddox topped the list of lost vessels which also included the gunboat Plym o u t h, submarine chaser PC496, mine sweeper Senti nel, and submarine rescue vessel Redwing. No details of the Pickerel’s loss were given by the Navy which did not even name the ocean in which she made her last war patrol under com mand of Lt. Com. Augustus H. Alston. Jr., reported miss ing in action. May Have Hit Japs However, it was presumed that the Pickerel was one of the under sea craft which have been taking a heavy toll of Japanese shipping and cutting enemy supply lines throughout the Pacific. Only yes terday the Navy in a report on the submarine war against Japanese shipping reported the sinking. of seven enemy ships and damaging of five others, bringing to 309 the number of Japanese vessels of all types sunk or damaged by subma rines since the war began. Bombs or torpedoes from Axis planes sank the Maddox in a sharp battle off the coast of Sicily July 10. Her commander, Lt. Com. Eu gene Sylvester Sarsfield, was re ported missing in action. Underwater explosions, which might have come from either tor pedoes or mines, destroyed the sub chaser PC 496 on June 6 and the rescue ship Redwing on June 29 in the Mediterranean. The mine (Continued on Page Two; Col. 6) SUPPORTNEEDED FOR LOCKER IDEA Freezing Units For Urban And Rural Residents May Be Reality A freezer locker unit for resi dents, both urban and rural, in New Hanover and surrounding counties may become a reality if sufficient support of the project is gained within the next few days, R. W. Galphin. county agent, an nounced Sunday. _ Decision to make application to the federal government for a freezer unit for this area was reached at a meeting of a locker committee, Saturday, when it was revealed that 300 such units would soon be made available for distri bution throughout the nation. Mr Galphin explained that the local project must be underwritten at once, inasmuch as the govern ment will honor requests for units only from sections where much demand is evident. Individual partitions will meas ure 17x24 feet. The rental fee. cur rently payable, is $50. Should the project fail consummation, the ad vance payments will be refunded. A number of farmers have al ready subscribed to the idea. The (Continued on Page 5; Column 3) -V WEATHER FORECAST: North Carolina: Continued warn! f9* (^a'> (Eastern Standard Time) (By U .S. Weather Bureau) Meterological data for the 24 hours ending 7:30 p. m.. yesterday. TEMPERATURE: 1*30 a. m., 80: 7:30 a. m., 82; 1:30 p. m.. 75: 7:30 p m. 80. Maximum 93; Minimum 7o; Mean 84; Normal 78. hcmIDITY; 1*30 a. m.. 94; 7:30 a. m., 73; 1:30 p. m ‘ 79; 7:30 p. m.. 92. ’ PRECIPITATION: Total for the 24 hours ending 7:30 p. m 77 inches. Total since the first of the month, 3 77 inches. TIDES FOR TODAY; (From the Tide Tabies published by tt S Coast and Geodetic Survey). u* High Low Wilmington - MXg 4:54a Masonboro Inlet- 7 :52a 1:51a Sunrise 5:34a. m.; Sunset 6:58 p. m.; Moonrise 7:52 p. m.; Moonset 6:20 a. m> Cape Fear Kiver stage at FayetteviUe on Sunday, at 8 a. m., 10.30 feet. V- ’ iFnemy Freighter Hit f y Americans In India; Akyah Hit By RAF Unit NEW DELHI, Aug. 15.—(/P)— Heavy bombers of the Tenth U. S. Air Force scored two direct bomb hits on a Japanese freighter south of Rangoon Fri day, causing an explosion and fires, raked her with their guns and left her in a sinking condi tion, an American communique announced today. In other operations in the Burmese theater RAF Welling tons operating in the Akyab is land area bombed the town of Akyab and scored direct hits on a power plant, a British com munique announced. Other American bombers, op erating in the Bay of Bengal, attacked two enemy launches and dropped bombs on Pagoda Point. RAF Beaufighters attacked 90 sampans in a sweep along the Irrawaddy river, between Mag we and Prome setting a num ber of them afire. Both the American and Brit ish operations were accomplish ed without the loss of any air craft, the communiques said. AMERlCANSCLOSE IN NEAR BAIROKO Pincers Tightens On Jap anese Troops On New Georgia Island ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Mon day, Aug. 16.—(iP)—An American pincers is closing on Japanese troops south of Bairoko on New Georgia in the central Solomons, a communique said today. Forty-eight Japanese planes were downed in the entire battle area, the bulletin added. Nineteen barges were destroyed or damaged by the Allies off the New Guinea coast. Enemy planes fried two raids on Allied positions along the western end of the battlezone. attacking Wau, inland from Salamaua in northeastern New Guinea, and Woodlark island off the northeast ern New Guinea coast. The as saults were ineffective, the com munique said. Twelve enemy bombers escort ed by 25 fighters made the stab to ward Wau, a rear base for the Allied ground forces moving against Salamaua. They were in tercepted near Marilman, and 11 of the bombers and Siree of the fighters were said to have been shot down. Three Allied interceptors were reported missing. In another series of intercep tions over Vella Lavella island, northwest of the New Georgia bat tlefront, and elsewhere in the Sol omons, American fliers destroyed 34 enemy planes, 12 of them dive bombers and the rest fighters. “Seven of this total,” the com munique said, “were destroyed over Kahili airdrome when our fighters caught an enemy forma tion returning to base.” Subse quently the American airmen strafed many planes caught on the field, a central enemy airdrome on Bougainville island. The Solomons air action, which included a bombing raid against Villa airdrome on Kolombangara island, and another against ene my barges off Choisful island, cost the Americans only two planes. In the New Guinea fighting zone around Salamaua. Allied heavy bombers poured 99 tons of explo sives on the Komiatum sector. The attack was made in the face (Continued on Page Two ;Col. 1) Reds Cut Way Into Karachev In Big Fight Vital Outpost To Bryansk Falls To Crushing Soviet Drive CITY WRAPPED IN FIRE Bitter Street Battle Rages After Russians Enter Bastion . LONDON, Aug. 15.—(IP)— Overcoming some of the fier cest resistance encountered since the start of its spectac ular summer offensive, the Red army smashed today into the smoke and flame of Kar achev, main German outpost east of Bryansk, and captur ed the burning stronghold after a bitter fight in the streets. The fall of Karachev was announced in a special com munique which also said 7® other towns and villages were captured in advances of from 3 1-2 to six miles along a curving front which threat ened to pocket Bryansk as Orel was pocketed before it. WaracheY is only 26 miles east of Bryansk and is two thirds the distance al*ng the railroad from Orel to Bry ansk. Stalin Commends Forces The 16th and 84th guards’ infan try divisions and the 238th and 369th infantry divisions captured the city, and in recognition of their “courage and skillful opera tion” Marshal-Premier Stalin said in an order of the day that the four divisions would have “Kara chev” added to their names hence forth. Russian divisions that freed Orel and Belgorod August 5 were the first to receive the honor of including the names of those cities in their titles. Pushing their spearhead to the north of Bryansk, vital railway link between the Germans’ central and southern fronts, the Russians also captured Pesochnya, 58 miles north of the city and at the end of a spur railway. They swept Zikyeevo, 36 miles northeast of Bryansk on the Bry ansk-Sukhinichi line, and Khasto vichi, 24 miles north of Karachev, into their net, and farther north in the Spas Demensk area, the Russian troops also advanced and improved their positions. In the latter area, 80 miles north of Bryansk and 80 miles southeast of Smolensk, the . Rus sians were attempting to drive a wedge which would cut the Smo lensk-Bryansk railway. Karachev was reported in flames either from artillery fire or Ger man demolitions, as t~e Russians fought their way into the strongly fortified point which formed one of the main defenses of Bryansk. Two hundred miles to the south, where the Russians had battled into the streets of Kharkov, Ger man defense stiffened. With the German escape corri (Continued on Page Two; Col. 3) Walter Lippmann Says: A Good Foreign Policy Requires Extreme Care BY WALTER LIPPMANN No foreign policy can ever work successfully if those who conduct it misjudge their own power. That is the axiom, I venture to suggest, which explains why the President, Mr. Hull and the State Depart ment have been beset by growing difficulties since the autumn of 1942. It is true that the State Department is inadequately con stituted and badly organized to conduct our foreign policy. But the weakness of the State Depart ment, though it has long been known to close observers in Wash ington, was not made generally evident until a few months ago. It became evident only when a deep, but unappreciated, change in our foreign relations had oc curred. When the President and his chief advisers did not appre ciate this deep change in our rela tive position in the world, their policies began to be increasingly unworkable and disappointing. They then made the very human mistake of getting angry at their critics rather than of re-examin ing their own policies. The honeymoon period of Presi dent Roosevelt’s foreign policy lasted from Pearl Harbor in De cember. 1941, until the autumn of 1942. Four great events happened in the autumn of 1942: Stalingrad, El Alamein, the North African landing and the crisis of the Solomons and Guadalcanal opera tion. They were the turning point of the war. They were also the turning point in our own foreign relations. Until November, 1942, our role was principally to supply muni tions and to send reinforcements to our hard-pressed Allies. They did the principal fighting. But they depended upon our capacity and willingness to reinforce them. The central instrument of our ac tivity was lend-lease, and our war time diplomacy was formed in the image of lend-lease—that is to say of a war and of a peace to follow in which in our strength we helped our Allies who then followed our leadership. It was then that grandiose schemes of world-wide beneficence were talked about. It was then that we began to debate whether we would lend our support to the maintenance of peace. It was then that the President conceived the idea that we, rather than French men, were the trustees of French democracy. It was then that the little Machiavellis took to meddling (Continned on Page Two; CoL 2) U. S. DOUGHBOYS RIP THROUGH NAZI FORCE TO CAPTURE OLIVERI Pounding Nazis Near Nissoria Covering an infantry advance, a Canadian gun crew works in shorts as they lay down a heavy barrage on Nazi positions near Nis soria, Sicily. These men and other Allied gunners hurled 16,000 shells in two hours on a square,mile area. (International). Rome Warns Italians Of False Hope For City Government’s Decision To Make Holy City ‘Open’ Does Not Mean New Raids Will Not Be Forthcoming; Await Announcement LONDON, Aug. 15.—(/P)—The Rome radio warned the people of the Italian capital today not to build false hopes that they would be spared further bombing because of the government’s decision to declare Rome an open city. While Allied governments withheld recognition of Rome as an undefended city a Rome broadcast explained that the Badoglio government’s one-sided declaration would give permanent relief from air attack only when the belligerents MILAN BOMBARDED AGAIN BY BRITISH Berlin Hit By Fast Mosqui to Planes; St. Omer Is Pounded LONDON, Aug. 15.—Ml—Taking advantage of ideal weather condi tions, British heavy bombers struck again last night at important ar mament factories of Milan as Mos quitos raided Berlin and the Nazi air fields at the French city of St. Omer were attacked by U. S. A. A. F. Marauders by daylight to day. This afternoon four-engined bom bers were seen crossing the British coast headed toward France, strik ing at the continent where a large number of fighter planes also rang ed during the day. Britain’s four-engined Lancasters hit two vital sections of Milan,, dropping huge loads in 22 minutes on the Breda armament works, the Italian equivalent of the German Kruno works, in the Sesto San Giovanni district, ana on maus tries and railways nearer the cen ter of the city, the Air Ministry said. , , Crews said “sticks of heavy bombs went right across” the Bre da works and that well-concentrat ed fires flared up as high as 6,000 feet in the central district hit two nights ago. The Air Ministry said photographs showed “very import ant war factories” were struck m the previous raid and that fires were still burning when the bom bers went over. The Milan attack was on a smal ler scale than the last great bom bing of Italy's chief manufactur ing center early Friday when more than 1,000 long tons of bombs were dropped, but the size of the raiding force was sufficient to impress the peace hungry population that no letup was in sight as long as Mar shal Pietro Badoglio keeps Italy in the war. The Berlin attack by Mosquitos was a continuation of the repeat performances of these swift air craft over the Reich capital, whose people momentarily expected the real thing from squadrons of heavier bombers. . . In the Milan raid the principal target was the Breda armament works in the northeast industrial suburbs, where locomotives, air craft, machine-guns, bombs and shells are manufactured. (The Italians declared in a com munique broadcast from Rome and recorded by the Associated Press (Continued on Page Three; CoL 3) 1 y on me omer siae agreea ana an terms had been met by the Italian government. “It (the declaration) will be val id only when a bilateral state ment is issued by two belligerent powers,” said the broadcast re corded by the Ministry of Infor mation. “The enemy must be al lowed to ascertain that measures laid down by international law are all and integrally carried out.” The explanation appeared to be part of a campaign of the regime of Marshal Pietro Badoglio to dis claim responsibility for any furth er air attacks on the bomb-scarred capital. Meanwhile, Madrid dispatches quoted Spanish correspondents in Rome as reporting that the bomb ing of the Italian capital had “end ed or should end all illusions” con cerning Italy’s continuation of the war. These statements were cryptic and undetailed, but Madrid dis patches said the stopping of all military traffic through Rome, as the result of making the capital an open city, would indicate that the Badoglio government did not con template a strong defense of south ern and central Italy. This view coincided with that of military men in London, who point ed out that Rome is the key com munication link between northern and southern Italy. There was no official comment in London today on the Italian gov ernment's declaration and no sign that it had been received through official channels. At No. 10 Down (Continued on Page Three; Col. 3) NEARING MESSINA American Troops Onlj 27 1-2 Miles From Last Axis Escape Port ROAD JUNCTIONS FALL British Block Chance Of Foe To Flee From Cen tral Sector ALLIED HEADQUAR TERS in North Africa, Aug. 15.—(/P)—Conquering American doughboys tearing through the collapsing Ger man flank on the Sicilian north coast have raced 14 miles — one third the remain ing distance to Messina — to capture Oliveri, only 21 1-2 miles from that evacuation port, Allied headquarters an nounced today. British troops blocked the escape of Nazis in the central sector by swift seizure of the Taormina road junctions at Piedmonts and Fiumefreddo on the east coast, and Allied driveg speared dangerously deeper on the central front it self. A dispatch from Associat ed Press correspondent No land Norgaard with the Brit ish Eighth Army declared German rearguards had brok en off contact at all points on the east coast and were with drawing rapidly toward Mes sina. Norgaard also reported that Americans thrusting forward from Randazzo had cut the north-south inland road, but too late to trap Germans flee ing on that route. This dis patch apparently went beyond the official headquarters an nouncements. Battle Nearing End The battle for Sicily was near ing its conclusive end. Americans in the north, within 10 miles of Milazzo, shattered Ger man rearguard action, w'hile U. S. warships sent a crashing barrage iton the doomed harbor, second largest port still in enemy hands. Other Allied warships hammer ed the Italian mainland port of Vibo Valentia, the escape outlet on the south side of the Gulf of Eu femia, and Allied air power poured a heavy weight of bombs on south ern Italy, pounding evacuation boats and disembarkation points and shooting up communications ahead of the German retreat. Seizure of Oliveri represented a 14-mile advance from the last re ported U. S. Seventh army victory at Brolo. The advance also engulf ed San Angelo and Patti eight miles west of Oliveri. The British thrust, gaining five miles to slice the Taormina—Ran dazzo road, penned up the Ger mans to the westward from all chance of escape except over road less mountains 3,000 to 4,000 feet high. Their advance brought them within five miles of Taormina it self. Spreading out from the broken enemy stronghold at Randazzo, (Continued on Page Two; Col. 4) Destruction Of 5 Ships Revealed During Week (By The Associated Press) The destruction of five merchant vessels by enemy submarines, an nounced during the past weke, rais ed the Associated Press tabulation of Allied and neutral ship losses in the Western Atlantic since Pearl Harbor to 684. The week’s announcements rep resented the highest weekly total since late in May. The Navy said that three of the sinkings occurred early in July, one in June and one in May. Two of the destroyed ships were of United States registry, bringing to 276 the number of American merchantment announced as sunk in the Western Atlantic since De cember 7, 1941. A medium-sized Norwegian cargo Vessel was lost, representing the 67th Norse loss in these waters in the post Pearl Harbor period. The Navy also announced de struction of a small Greek mer % chant vessel and another of undis closed United Nations registry. Announced Western Atlantic ship, ping losses from January through July were at the rate of 14 per month, in contrast to the first year of the war when Axis submarines were credited with destroying Al lied and neutrai shipping at the rate of ten ships a week. Last week Vice Admiral John H. Hoover, former Tenth Naval Dis trict commander, said shipping losses were still lower than for merly despite “some increase in the last month or so” in the Axis submarine warfare in the Carib bean area. On all seas reduced losses from U-boat attack due to effective counter measures, combined with rising American ship construction, had given the Allies a temporary surplus of shipping for the first time since the war began, the Lon (Continued on Page Two; Col. ,4)
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Aug. 16, 1943, edition 1
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