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FOUR_ •BJHmhigtnn #>tar North Carolina's Oldest Daily Newspaper Published Daily Except Sunday By The Wilmington Star-News R. B. Page, Owner and Publisher_ Entered as Second Class Matter at Wilming ton N. C., Postoffice Under Act of Cong.e^s of March 3, 1879.___ SUBSCRIPTION RATES BY CARRIER IN NEW HANOVER COUNTV Payable Weekly or In Advance Comb-_ Time Star News nation 1 Week .$.30 * f $ 21s 3 a :::::::::: 5$ fa «o ; Ye°arrhl":::::'" ^ is'.oo 26:0o tAbove rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of Star-News)_I By Mail: Payable Strictly in Advance 3 Months -$ 2.50 $ 2.00 $ 3.8o ; Shs. 5S tt iS! (Above rates entitle subscriber to Sunday issue of Star-News)_: When remitting by mail please use check or j U. S. P O. money order. The Star News can- I not be responsible for currency sent throug- ; the mails. ___ MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS j AND ALSO SERVED BY THE UNITED PRESS With confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounding determination of our people we will gain the inevitable triumph so help us God. Roosevelt’s War Message. TUESDAY, JANUARD 2, 1945._ THOUGH FOR TODAY I wish you joy to heal it If the new year must hold pain. And quite a lot of rainbows If you do have rain. I wish you heaps of roses So the thorns won’t hurt at all And ladders made of little hopes To climb each hampering wall. I wish you work and its rewards Until the new year ends. And peace and rest and happ'ness And friends, and friends, and friends. MARY CAROLINE DAVIES. -y--— No Time For Change We agree with Representative Rankin m bis opposition to major changes in the ‘‘G. I. Eill of Rights” during the new congress. Pointing to the many provisions, including allotments for dependents, mustering-out pay. unemployment compensation and government financed education and government loans, the author of most of the measure says he sees no need for revision in the legislation enacted last year. Perhaps the bill is far from perfect, there are many alterations necessary, but as a whole it will stand until experience dictates the necessity for change. Only time and the returning veterans can decide the amend ments. Meantime, to have given the act to the fighting man and then begin new disputes over it will certainly not add anything to his peace of mind. New Trends Pessimism over the length of the war means new trends in America’s war econo my. These trends, emerging with the new year, shape up as follows, according to the As sociated Press’ Sterling F. Green: Materials: New shortages arising. Copper because of more bullet jackets, lead because the country has dipped too deeply into i t s stockpile. The United States will -'borrow” Canadian brass mill capacity, may even use steel mills to make brass strip for cartridges. Lumber 'ill tight. Aluminum very easy, with only half the country's production capacity in use. Steel "fairly well balanced” with de mands. Construction: Another deep drop ahead if war on two fronts continues through the year -$3,150,000,000 as against 1944’s $3,840,000,000. If Germany collapses before spring, about the same as last year. But new residential construction is getting e boose, with 100,000 new homes of nearly prewar quality scheduled in congested cities. Spending: Still going up. War expenditures totaled $85,000,000,000 in 1944, including con struction, pay and subsistence of troops and other items not included in munitions outlay. But consumer spending outstriped that stag gering total, rising to $97,000,000,000. or 6 per cent over 1943. Both figures are the highest on record. War outlay brings the cost of World War If to date to an estimated total exceed ing $226,473,000,000, not counting pre-war "de fense'’ outlays. Wa,- m-nrliirfi,,n lahnr fnrrp: Still rlprlinlno from 10,400,000 war workers at 1he peak in November, 1943, to 9,300,000 at last reports. Due mainly to greater plant efficiency, but the trend may be arrested by the "freeze" oi- civilian output Cutbacks in war produc tion, expected in great volume through the fall and feared as a cause of unemployment, failed to materialize in anything like expect ed volume. Intensive labor recruiting is ahead. Some officials want laws to enforce manpower rules, but legislation is unlikely. Management of the war effort: Delivered lock, stock and barrel into the hands of James F. Byrnes, director of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion. A per ceptible tendency of the military to encroach on civilian management of the homefront ef fort was underscored by Byrnes’ choice of Maj. Gen. Lucius Clay, former procurement chief of the Army Service Forces, as his chiel deputy. Byrnes’ "produce or fight” decree of a few weeks ago—which threatened military service for men 26 to 38 who are not contributing the cause of victory—indicated his readiness to go above and beyond the efforts of the War Manpower Commission. In his earlier days as mobilization director Byrnes settled disputes and did little else i T Now, for the first time, it appears ihat a single person has accepted full responsibility for making war policy and charting the de mobilization when the war is won. -V The American Navy The productive energy of this country has, in the past three years, produced the largest Navy in the world to fight the most extended war in history. A continuous upsurge in the output of ships, aircraft and ordnance has enabled the Navy to wage a punching, offensive tvar which has carried the American flag thousands of miles into the fortress of Europe and across the Pacific into Japanese empire waters. Today, our Navy has 61,045 vessels on hand with which to meet and defeat the enemy. The great majority of these vessels—more than '4.000 of them—are landing craft and assault ships, vessels designed to land Ameri can troops on enemy beaches, deeper and deeper into enemy etrritory. For 1945, the Navy looks to American in dustry and American workmen to continue their magnificent support of our combatant and amphibious forces with a steady stream of supplies, supplies needed ever more ur gently as we move steadily further across the Pacific. The pattern of past production for the Navy contains a hint of future requirements. The needs of the Navy have been, and will con tinue to be determined by the changing course of the war—each phase of the march to vic tory itself. Fortunately, the pattern so far has been one of success. Success has taken us far toward the Japanese homeland. Suc cess, however, means that the supplies of war have to travel thousands of additional miles to be used against the enemy. Success means that there are new production and manpower problems to sustain the present ' momentum. Old weapons are sometimes changed or cancelled. New weapons must be built—and transported. American production has achieved thou sands of new records as it built this great i fleet. Let no one believe, however, that we are over the hump. The New year will bring | many more problems. The manner in which i we meet and solve them will determine the j length of the war. -v Resolutions Make any New Year's resolutions? Perhaps you have, and already cracked them slightly. Personal resolutions are often hard to keep but from the Office of War In ; formation comes a set that every partiotic American can easily follow throughout the year. In doing so. he or she will be well on the way to contributing the utmost to the war effort. First, and the most important in our opinion, is: “Stick to your war job to speed and main ; tain a steady flow of supplies to our men on the fighting fronts.” Others are: “Destroy all invalidated food ration stamps ■ —their use is a violation of rationing regula tions. “Fill 5.500 jobs for men and women mak ing cotton duck critically needed by our armed forces. “Donate 100,000 books to the American Me> chant Marine library. Books provide relief from ‘torpedo tension’ and ‘convoy fatigue.’ “Volunteer as a price panel assistant. 50, 000 workers are needed immediately—to help pi event inflation—help hold prices down.” -v Quieter Observance Observance of tne arrival of New Year here appears to be growing quieter each year. From our observations, including reports from law cnforiement authorities, riotious times that marked the event in former years are giving way to less outdoor revelry. Downtown crowds are smaller and better behaved. As an example, city poliie reported but four persons arrested Sunday night and early Monday morning. The change, obviously, is for the best. Aicidents, often involving pedestrians, have | marred more than one celebration in former years. Several persons have been injured by fireworks and there have also been cases of property damage. Perhaps the world, and rightfully so, is learn ing to welcome each year with less noise and carousing. Today’s events make the times ser ious ones and there's no place for frivolous celebration. ---V EDITORIAL COMMENT GOLF AND THE WAR EFFORT Eyron Nelson, top-flight golfer who has been designated as the outstanding athlete of the year in the Associated l’ress poll, contends that golf is helping the war effort and points aut that the prime purpose of gold exhibitions and tournaments is “to stimulate the sale of war bonds as well as provide entertainment for servicemen now undergoing rehabilitation.’’ There may be something to be said for this point of view, and in all fairness that ought to be conceded. Our own feeling is that there are all too many husky, able-bodied men traipsing over the country, devoting their strength and energies to hitting a little white ball into a hole, who could be more usefully employed in the war effort in some other capacity, in view of the crying need for more manpower in our war industries. We may be entirely wrong about it. but that's the way we feel, nevertheless.—Roanoke (Va.) Times. » • • This handsome donation will be invested in a new library building which this institution is soon to erect. • • * It is always commendable to see children acting and serving and living in obedience to the old commandment, “Honor they father and thy mother.”—The Charlotte Observer. Fair Enough_| (Editors note.—The Star and the News accept no responsibility for the personal views of Mr. Pegler, and often disagree with them as much as many of his read ers. His articles serve the good purpose of making people think.) By WESTBROOK PEGLER (Copyright, 1944, by King Features Syndicate.) WASHINGTON,—About the time that the po litical warfare service of the U. S. army seized Montgomery Ward's properties again as a favor to President Roosevelt’s party auxiliary, the CIO, I was cramming on the history of the case in preparation for an in terview with Dr. Frank P. Graham, presi dent of the University of North Carolina and a member of the War Labor board. This board has ordered the company to protect the integrity of its enemy, the union, by act ing as its dues collector and by promising to fire, in a time of critical labor shortage, any union member who should decide to drop out. Ward refused and the political warfare service moved in. Dr. Graham belongs to that section of the War Labor board known as the "public” or impartial and objective group. There are twelve regular members, four each for "la bor,” which Mr. Biddle, the attorney-general, has openly acknowledged as a subsidiary of the New Deal party and government, the "employers” and the "public.” On the basis of his gratuitous public statement of Dec. 17 in this case, Doctor Graham appears to be not a "public” member but a union man. The public representation thus would be re duced to three and the union strength raised to five. He is a small man with a slight Carolina brogue, a strong prejudice in favor r\-f mil Ann rtroot n nn r» a 4L « perfidies which he would endure until union ism corrects them voluntarily from within. He personally disapproves but would legally tolerate such iniquities by withholding legal compulsion and restraint such as the New Deal, with public approval, imposed on “Wall Street” or corporate capital. Doctor Graham hedged on crookedness and communism in unions and attempted to re arrange questions by answering what he would do if he were a union man under such con ditions. He is not a union man, however, and as public official, he takes no account of the character of a union boss who may be a rascal or a declared communist. He considers only the merits of the controversy between the union and the employer. Again, I tried to persuade him to say what proportion of his decisions had gone in favor of unions and against the employers but here got no results at all. As a new experience in interviewing. I dis covered on entering Doctor Graham’s office that a young woman was to sit by with a stenotype and make a record of the entire conversation. He explained that this was done in interviews in which any member discussed policy. The board, itself, makes policy as it goes along, deciding each case on its “mer its” which means that the Roosevelt political commissars go as far as they like or dare in each controversy, rewarding or punishing according to their discretion. Doctor Graham thus explained that action in a given case is regulated by the “degree” of interference with the war effort. Montgomery Ward’s re fusal to serve its enemy, the union, was a case of first degree interference, largely be r>2iico oc Rnncovolf coir) nfVinv T umflrarr in Detroit might strike if the company’s prop erty were not seized. Such strikes would be a violation of the unions celebrated pledge and the responsibility of their own officers and members. Nevertheless, Roosevelt and Gra ham decided that the company was wrong in tempting unions not employed by them to violate their obligation and therefore was pun ishable for offenses contemplated but not yet committed by others. In his statement of Dec. 17, Doctor Graham had made an astonishing comparison. He com pared the Ward company to the south in the civil war and observed that the southern states were compelled to "accept the policies of the nation and maintain their member ship in the union.” "Montgomery Ward,” he said, "cannot es tablish the sovereignty of the corporation over the nation in the midst of a war for the security of corporations, unions and all our free institutions.” Amplifying this he made the security of a CIO clerks’ union, a political cohort of the Roosevelt party, paramount with the security of the United States. Ward’s de fiance was similar to the southern rebellion. Here, he said, was an issue of sovereignty. Ward was trying to over-ride the war policy of the nation and so the army acted in the interest of a partisan political group whose bosses were unable to keep them loyal. It was vital to preserve unions even though dis satisfied members might prefer to drop out and while this coercion would, indeed, de prive such people of a measure of their hu man rights and dignity, this loss would be compensated in the long run by their gain in economic security. "The American people," his statement said, "accepted maintenance of membership.” When he was asked when they had voted on this he answered that they did it when the House of Representatives voted 204 to 73, which would be about half the membership, against a proposal to prohibit such clauses. At the end, we mentioned the defiance of his board and of Roosevelt, himself, by Jim my Petrillo. the president of the Musicians’ union. That was different. The minor degree of danger to the war effort mitigated the offense and made punishment unnecessary. l’etrillo is a Roosevelt political worker and a campaign contributor. SO THEY SAY During 30 days we dropped a rough average of more than 100,000 pounds of bombs per day on urban industrial centers of Japan, includ ing aircraft factory areas. The Hatsodoki plant, largest of its kind in Japan, is at this time out of business with at least 40 per cent of its buildings destroyed or gutted by fire.—Brig. Gen. Haywood Hansell, 21st Bomber Com mand chief on Saipan. Universal military training no more means that we are looking for war than getting vac cinated means a man is looking for smallpox. —Navy Secretary James V. Forrestal. We, the Emperor, are emotionally over whelmed by the loyalty and gallantry of you, the subjects, and expect to see an early ac complishment of the objective of this sacred war.—Hirohito. They do have movies of evenings in many places, but the mail call is the most impor tant item on the schedule and when they don’t get any it is just awful.—Rep. Margaret Chase Smith of Maine, back from the Pacific. I WILMINGTON, N. U. EX-STAR BOARDER?_ WITH THE AEF Yank Veterans Smash Nazi Panzers By KENNETH L. DIXON WITH THE A. E. F. ON THE BELGIAN FRONT, Dec. 30.—(De layed!—OP)—Three nights ago it was pitch black along this road south of Marche. It was bitterly cold, with the ground frozen into rutted crust. A cruel knifing wind slashed along the road. It was rolling countryside here with patches of forests dotting the fields and pas tures of the Belgian farmland. “Perfect tank terrain" they called it because it was open, with a clear field to fire in and plenty of room for maneuvering and dodging behind hillocks, then re appearing to fire again. Westward rolled a crack Ger man Panzer outfit. Eastward sped a veteran Amer ican Armored outfit. They were fairly evenly match ed numerically and as far as ex perience was concerned for that matter they had fought each other before—but that is another story which cannot be told until censor ship permits their names to be re leased. On one hand, the German Tiger tanks are tougher than any tank we can put on the field. To say the least their Panthers are as tough as our best tanks. So they had that advantage. But while the Germans thought there were only scattered Infan try units somewhere ahead, the Yank tankers knew the whole Panzer outfit was on the prowl that night. Patrols had estimated its size and direction. Head on along this road they met at midnight and the cold and darkness was split by the light and thunder of slashing explosions and fires. There was light along the road until dawn. Today I walked along the road to find out how the American Ar mored outfit managed not only to halt the deepest western penetra tion the Germans made, but also to cut the Panzer outfit in half while taking less than one-tenth the casualties inflicted on the ene I my. That makes news because it j does not happen often. It was a case of sheer surprise and the ruthless use of experience. Those were the elements which aid ed the Germans when his bloody breakthrough started. Lying along the road you can see the burned out charred skele tons of tanks, armored cars, weap ons carriers, supply trucks and personnel vehicles. Nine out of ten of them are German, usually they are about equally divided and often the percentage runs grimly the other way. There is a light snow across the wreckage but not enough to erase the story written in the scrap. A couple of miles this side of where those two mighty masses of metal collided you begin to see American tank tracks leaving the road. They crushed through the frozen crust sinking a few inches. They rolled across fences and ditches rumbling along in flanking positions waiting for the attack. Striking from the side that way they were able to cut down the Tiger tanks to nearer their size by knocking off treads and dam aging turrets. But that was not all that hit the Panzer column from both sides. Riding the tanks, assault guns, tank destroyers and anything they could straddle were hundreds of armored Infantrymen, still other Doughboys roved the fields and roads ahead. Pouring every type of explosive at their disposal into that jammed blazing mass, the veteran Yanks never gave the Germans a chance to recover from their initial shock of finding their way blocked. Some of them toward the rear got away, about half probably. The rest eith er died or gave up. Srprise and battle experience did it. Those two things and the grim efficient ruthlessness which the Yanks have deveolped during re cent days—and all three qualifica tions were still evident today along this road. MEXICO WELCOMES NEW YEAR WITH A HEARTY EMBRACE MEXICO CITY, Jan. 1.— UB— Mexicans saw in the new year to day with gayety and embraces. Night clubs were crowded until nearly dawn. At some, like Ciro's and Minuit, the early morning sup per cost 100 pesos ($20). At the University Club, hundreds who had not made reservations in time were turned away. At the Club France, the charge was $10, and proceeds went to French War Re lief. Men gave each other the “abraz zo” (embrace) — as did women, and men embraced women as Se nor 1945 was born. Each member of a party is supposed to embrace each of the others and say ”Feliz Ano Nuevo” —Happy New Year. With the right hand each embrac er pats the other on the back. Many of the revelers went to church first, to be there at mid night. then to parties. During the forenoon streets were nearly deserted. -y New York Flier Takes Lead As Ranking Ace LONDON, Jan. 1.— (JP)—Lt. Col John C. Meyer of Forest Hills, N. Y., is the highest scoring active U. S. Eighth Air Force fighter ace in Europe with a total of 35 Nazi, planes to his credit, the U. S. Strategic Air Force announced to day. The New Yorker has destroyed 22 German planes in the air and 13 on the ground. His 22nd air kill was scored on a jet plane Sunday. Ranked next to Meyer is Col. Dave Schilling, 26. of Traverse City, Mich., who is credited with 34 1-2 German planes—24 in the air and 10 1-2 on the ground. Three Men, Lost On Boat Trip, Found By Guardsmen NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 1.— (#)— Two New Orleans physicians and an Army lieutenant who had been reported missing for more than 24 hours in an outboard motor boat off Bayou Grande off Lake Borgne were located today at nearby Bi loxi Bayou by the Coast Guard and rescued. They were lost yes terday on a fishing trip. The res"ued men were Dr. Charles S. Holbrook, a prominent psychiatrist, Dr. James Burks and a Lieut. Curtis, whose full name had not been learned. RUSSIAN GIRLS HAVE A DATE NEW YORK, Jan. 1—(UP)—“At 6 p.m. after the war,” Russian girls used to whisper to their lov ers as they departed for war— hoping that they would be able to keep the rendezvous. The phrase was used as the title of a musical comedy film which went into pro duction during the Battle of Stalin grad, predicting the defeat of Ger many in the spring of 1945. The film recently had its premiere and is immensely popular, according to the Moscow representative of Rus sian War Relief. The Literary Guidepost BY W. G. ROGERS “War Criminals: Their Prose caution and Punishment,” by Shel don Glueck (Knopf; $3). Germans and Japanese have committed certain atrocities against enemy soldiers and civil ians, Prof. Glueck believes, and he is undoubtedly right in assum ing that this point does not need io be argued. He goes on from there, has very curiously clouded: How shall the criminals be tried and punished? Glueck, who teaches criminal law and criminology at Harvard, reminds us of the absured outcome of the attempt to punish Germans at the close of World War 1. The record shows, for instance, that Tie Allies’ original (but incom plete list of accused numbered 896; that on a test list submitted to the jurisdiction of the Leipzig court there were only 45 names; that of these, 12 actually c.ame to trial; that of them six were con victed; that sentences totaled less than 12 years. Glueck is' convinced that if ade quate individual punishment had been meted out, the Nazis would have hesitated before starting their own orgy of brutality. “All is not fair in war,” hej maintains. He calls it murder to"; burn a hostage or shoot a prisoner of war. He is the avowed and de termined foe of those purists who claim that, since no law forbids the Germans as members of a "su perior race” to exterminate Jews from 1939 to 1945. they may not properly be punished; the foe of those -who pretend that, since no law expressly forbids Japanese to bury Americans alive, the Allies would not be justified in exacting the death penalty. Gleuck often presents sharp, subtle and interesting arguments. The World War 1 Allies, he says, couldn’t extradite the kaiser from Holland because they demanded his person on the charge of an offense against the nations, and that was not an extraditable of fense under any treaties to which Holland was a party. Nazi chiefs, he declares, should be accused outright of murder. U. S., Russian, sometimes Brit ish and even German courts have held, he notes, that the fact that a patently criminal act was com mitted at a superior’s orders was no defense. That should throw a scare into firing squads and human “slaughter house” staffs. Interpreting The War i - BY KIRKE L. SIMPSON Associated Press War Analyst The time lag imposed by the Vllies on revelation of develop, nents in the battle of the Belgian julge, continues to mask the exact ;ituation. But tnere seems little doubt in || new of a belated report of an idditional six mile American ad. ranee west of Bastogne, however, I hat an enemy retreat from the | dangerous western loop of the oulge to escape entrapment is in orogress. While the direction or width of i the new Third Army forward surae in the St. Hubert area is not in. ! dicated, a six mile advance there would certainly put American forces astride a considerable sec. tion of the Bastogne-Marche high. | way. It also probably would re store an important section of the ;J Liege-Rochefort-Arlon railway to Allied use. It would virtually close the gap between Third Army forces in the south and First Army divisions on the north of the Bas togne-Manhay waistline position, splitting the German bulge through the middle. With that advance the original corridor carved out by General * Patton’s men to rescue the gal. lant garrison of Bastogne must have been eliminated The line so far as it can be traced has been flattened out on the southwestern angle of the German bulge to such an extent that enemy hopes of regaining possessions of the town can be but slight. Nazi failure to take East"gne from its American garrison mark ed the turning point in the Ger man counterattack. Bastogne is the communications key to the whole upper center area of the bulge. Without it, the German commander’s hope of reaching the Meuse valley either to the west or to the north on a scale to force American evacuation of the Aachen-Roer bulge into Germany was doomed to failure once the shock of surprise had passed and General Eisenhower had regroup ed his armies. Loss of the western loop of the Belgian bulge would convert the German foothold into a relatively shallow dent but one sufficiently wide at its base line to make it a difficult job to reduce it and throw the foe back behind Ger man frontiers. There are intima tions in some front line dispatches that despite the progress of Pat ton’s troops. Allied prospects for turning the Nazi gamble offensive into the worst German defeat in the west are waning. There has been little for several days to indicate any substantial American gains on either the north or south ‘shoulder” positions at the east ern Dase oi me uuigc. In the light of the situation in Belgium, reported multiple Nazi counter attacks in some strength both east and west of the Bitche anchorage of the old French Magi not Line in the Karlsruhe frontier angle to the south look like a di version move The Bitche attacks probably are aimed at forcing return of some part of the Third Army to the Saar area, thus relieving pressure on the southern face of the Bel gian bulge. That the enemy has the means to mount a new major offensive effort in the Bitche region as front line advices suggest seems highly doubtful. However, Nazi leadership cannot doubt in any event that it has already succeed ed in stalemating the Allied Saar Basin offensive indefinitely. MUMMERS PARADE Sloshy Weather Fails To Stop Famous Spectacle PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 1—UP)— Grease paint lashed by a heavy rainfall and “golden slipped'’ mud-soaked, 2,000 hardy mummers sloshed up Broad street in a down pour today to greet the new year in traditional fashion. Thousands of umbrella-covered spectators cheered the clowning of the four comic divisions which marched in spite of the weather. The mummers tried to keep alive the spirit of their marching son, “Oh, Dem Golden Slippers.’’ but they sang without accompani ment for none of the 11 famous string bands would expose their instruments to the soaking rain. The Wheeler Club, known for its finery, also withdrew from today s march and will parade with the string bands on Saturday. Mexico ‘Good Neighbor’ Commends Roosevelt And Camacho In Newspapers MEXICO CITY, Jan. 1.—Iff)—A New Year’s message expressing the hope that 1945 will see con tinuation and growth of friendship between the United States and Mexico appeared in Mexico City newspapers today as a full-page advertisement. It was signed "A Good Neighbor.” The message commends Presi dent Roosevelt, President Avila Camacho and other U. S. and Mex ican officials for their ‘‘good neigh bor” work. Among those mention ed are Dr. Francisco Castillo Na jera, Mexican ambassador to Washington, and George Messer smith, U. S. Ambassador here. --—v RUBBING IT IN SEATTLE. Jan. 1—(UP)—The driver of a Seattle bus stopped his vehicle before a drug store, left his perplexed passengers and trot ted into the establishment. He re turned a few minutes later, crest fallen. ‘‘The cigarettes were all gone, weren’t they?” gently jibed a passenger.
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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Jan. 2, 1945, edition 1
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