Newspapers / Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, … / April 25, 1945, edition 1 / Page 10
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Today and Tomorrow By WALTER LPTMANN There are, I believe, good rea sons for thinking that the best charter which can be written at San Francisco would be strictly a constitution or fundamental law. So it would contain nothing which is not essential in order to estab lish the international organization. The charter would make no at tempt to lay down the law about or to determine matters that the international organization itself could much better deal with. * * * What is vitally important is to bring into being at the earliest possible moment an international organization which shall have as its declared purpose the mainte nance of just and equitable pe,ace among the United Nations. There has to be a general assembly of all the members. There has to be a security council in which the great military powers are always present. The creation of this framework is the fundamental pact of union: it will bind the na tions to meet regularly in order to reach agreements to carry out the purposes of the organization. Once we have this basic pact, we shall have the essential char ter. Whether anything else should be put into the charter is really a practical judgement — namely this one: whether this conference in San Francisco is be!ter fitted to decide any particular question than will be future meetings -of the assembly and the council. Fof the San Francisco meeting Is a meeting of the United Na tions; the international organiza tion will provide for a continuing series of meetings of these sami United Nations. These nations art no wiser or better because thej are meeting in San Francisco it April, 1945, than they will be whet next they meet wherever the in ternational organization meets. * * * There will be, I believe, a greal advantage in remembering thal the San Francisco meeting need decide no question which the sub sequent meetings of the same United Nations could not decide at least as well—and perhaps bet ter because the issues will have become clearer and there will have been more time to examine them. Thus it is very doubtful, it seems to me, whether the charter needs to prescribe exactly how votes are to be counted in the as sembly and in the council. Why not let them determine their own voting procedure? The attempt to determine it for them has led to bitter feeling over a series of in tricate formulae designed to cov er a few imaginary cases that the handful of men who have worked on these questions happen to have thought of. The attempt to say now that on this question the vote shall be unanimous, on that one by majority, on another by two thirds, is to try to foresee and foreclose what no one now can foresee and no one should fore close. Mechanical contraptions of this sort will work only when it does not matter whether they work or not. On the hard and important questions the governments will al ways consult diplomatically and confidentially before they argue publicly. One of the first things they will have to agree upon in these confidential discussions is whether they will put the issue to i vote, and if they decide to vote en it, how they will define the is sue. They may use the Dumbar :on Oaks and Yalta formula if in the practical situation they find :hat it fits the needs of the case. \nd if they do not think this for mula fits the case, they will avoid i vote or they will devise some ether formula which does fit the case. Therefore, the less sharply de fined the voting formula is in the charter, the more it will corre spond with the realities, and the less we shall now be involved in issues of prestige and in odious distinctions between first, second, and third class states which arise from being unnecessarily specific in advance. * * • I venture to think that it is equally impossible to write into : the charter an effective commit : ment to use force. The charter can, and should, authorize the use of force. But the commitment which binds each particular gov ernment to take forcible action can be made effective in advance only by specific military conven tions which have been negotiated and ratified. There can be no such thing as an effective generalized commitment to use armed force at an unknown time in an unspeci fied place against a hypothetical aggressor. The enforcement of peace will have to be arranged through specific conventions for definite purposes: for example to police Germany, to police Japan, to make secure the American re publics, to police the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, and so forth. All this will need to be implied in the charter. But obviously the charter can only authorize it and the char ter cannot define it. ' For the rest, for all the cases that, are not covered by specific pacts, there can be a mobilization of collective force only as, if, and when the govenments, meeting in the United Nations organization, agree to supply the force and use it. The basic agreement to meet in order to agree is all that is possible and all that is necessary. If the powers agree when they meet that they will use force to maintain peace, they will use it. If they do not agree when they meet, then no formula of words adopted at San Francisco in 1945 can mobilize armies in 1955. Our Constitution, let us remem ber, authorizes Congress to de clare war. It does not presume to say that Congress must declare war, or to say when, how, and for what precise reason Congress must declare war. All that this charter, since it is a fundamental law, should do is to authorize the general organization to use collec tive force. * * * A good constitution creates in stitutions designed for an accept- , ed purpose; these institutions then write their own statutes and make their policies, render their judg ments, and create laws, prece dents, and usages. The document that comes out of San Francisco should be very ' short, very simple, and concerned 1 only with establishing a frame- 1 work, declaring a purpose and ! authorizing the means to fulfill it. c All the rest, the mechanisms, the ^ procedures, the methods, the im- 4 plementation, all substantive pro grams for welfare, should be de- ; veloped by the organization itself c through statutes and resolutions, and by its members through gen- i era 1 and special conventions, i pacts, protocols, and treaties de- f signed to serve the declared pur- 1 pose or to be consistent with it. i By adhering to this broad prin- ( ciple—which is to differentiate be- t tween a constitution and a body j of laws—we can create a living f organism that will itself grow and t develop. But if we make a me- t chanical system of rigid pre-con ceived rules which attempt to } foresee and foreclose the future, c we shall surely regret it. 1 Copyright, 1945, New York Tri- f bune Inc. c ---v * TAX REDUCTIONS ( WASHINGTON, April 24—(U.R)— v Chairman Robert L. Doughton - (D.-N.C.) of the House Ways and Means Committee, said today after j conferring with President Truman a that some tax reductions might be v Dossible after VE Day. __^____ a a In The Service WINS BRONZE STAR Lt. (jg) Charles Johnson Harriss, USNR, husband of the former Mariar Sedwick, of Kenilw o r t h, and son of the late Meares and Fannie Johnson Harriss, of Wil mingkon, has been awarded the Bronze Star for HARRISS “meritorious chievement" in action off the west coast of Italy, in May, 1944. The citation accompanying the award reads in part: “While engaged in a patrol mission off Anzio, Italy, on the night of 14-15 May, the USS PC 627 received an unidentified radar contact. Lt. (jg) Harriss, as Officer of the Deck, immediate ly headed the ship for the target at standard speed and alerted the ready gun crews. Without regard for his own safety, he courageously manned a searchlight, ^effectively illuminating the suspicious craft and instantly identifying it as an enemy MAS boat. During the en suing attack, Lt. (jg) Harriss so effectively directed the gunfire of his ship that the hostile craft was guickly sunk and the only survivor ;aken prisoner . . . The exceptional ability, prompt and decisive action and outstanding devotion to duty displayed by Lt. (jg) Harris re jected credit upon himself and the Maval Service.” Lt. Harriss is a graduate of the University of North Carolina with i B. S. degree in Commerce in the ;lass of 1940. He graduated from Mew Hanover High school and at tended Woodberry Forest school. iVhile at Carolina, he was captain )f the wrestling team. He entered ;he service in November of 1942, -eceiving his training at Treasure island, Cal., and Miami, Fla., and going overseas in April, 1942. He ■eturned to this country in Novem >er, 1944, and is now stationed at :he Miami, Fla., Naval Training Jenter as an instructor. WINS AIR MEDAL Luther W. Williams, Jr., has seen awarded the air medal for neritorious achievement in aerial :ombat and has been promoted to he rank of first lieutenant. He s a pilot of a 15th AAF B-24 Liber itor bomber. His group comman der, Colonel S. E. Manzo of Long sland, N. Y., made the congratula ory presentation of the award. Lt. Williams is the son of Mr. nd Mrs. Luther W. Williams, Sr., f Rosehili, N. C. The Rosehili airman has chalked p 20 missions to his credit, most mporlantly in attack of oil re ineries at Moosbierbaum and rienna, Austria, and railyards and efineries at Munich, southern lermany, with concentrated at-] empts to choke all lines of com-] nunications leading southward rom Vienna in direct support of he Russian ground armies’ push ] award that city. He is a 1940 graduate of Rose iill higlv school and was a stu ent at North Carolina State col ;ge when he enlisted in the air arce as an aviation cadet, in De ember, 1942. He received his wings and was ommissioned a second lieutenant dien graduated from pilot's school t Blytheville, Ark., in April, 1943. He wears the distinguished unit adge with one bronze cluster as member of a veteran group 'hich holds two citations for its ir aid rendered the British Eighth rmy and its last years blasting E the vitally important oil fields t Ploesti, Rumania. Marion E. Bat son, Electricians Mate Second Class, U.S. Naval ? eserve, of 60S South Fifth street Wilmington, N. C., is a member of the crew of the U. S. S. Hayter, one of four de stroyer esc orts which in mid At lantic recen 11y BATSON trailed and de royed a German submarine, it as been announced by Admiral anas Ingram, Commander in lief, U. S. Athlantic Fleet. Zigzagging in a long and desper ;e effort to elude its pursuers, the lemy sub was finally blown to eces in deep water. Debris, oil id 'personal belongings of the •ew—such as a song book and awl of a pipe—told the crews of e destroyer escorts that their int was ended. The four ships dis ayed an excellent brand of team ork. They attacked the enemy gorously. Each of the command g officers has commanded his of cers and men for the cool, well sciplined and skillful manner in hich they conducted the opera m and action, a Navy Depart lent spokesman said. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. R. E. atson, resides at 609 South 5th reet, Wilmington, North Carolina. Before entering the Navy, Elec ician’s Mate Batson was employ 1 by Batson Transfer and Furni re Company, Wilmington, North irolina. He attended the New anover High school, Wilmington, irth Carolina. He wears the American and Eu ipean-African theatre of war rib ms, for active service in those eas. SEE OUR NEW A STRAW HATS f BATHING SUITS I Gibson's Haberdashery I North Front Street g Wins Bronze Star Commander Richard S. Andrews, USN. commanding officer of a sub marine in the Pacific, has been awarded the Bronze Star by Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. The citation read: “for distinguishing himself by meritorious service in action. He aggressively closed and launched skilful attacks which re sulted in damaging or sinking ene my shipping of about 3,000 tons.” Commander Andrews’ wife, Mrs. Fanny Russell Andrews, and three children are residing at 110 North 13th street here. __■ __ SEED LAW HEARING RALEIGH, April 24—(JP)—A pub lic hearing concerning the new State seed law will be held here May 1, W. H. Darst, director of the State Department of Agricul ture's seed laboratory announced today. A Czech Foreign Minister Arrives For Peace Talks SAN FRANCISCO, April 24.—W) —Czech Foreign Minister Jan Masaryk stepped off a plane today to say that “little people should be seen and not heard” at the United Nations conference. Beyond this remark, Masaryk declined to elaborate to reporters on his views toward the United Nations conference opening tomor row. He said he was not going to say anything now but “later I may have something to yowl about.” Mini I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiii GAME VIOLATORS RALEIGH, April 24 — (£>)— The State Department of Conservation and Development said today that 125 violators of game and- fish laws were brought into court dur ing March. The violations /ranged i from fishing without * r to taking undersized fjSft ^ ---v—-L' The safe way to deal non-greasy stain is to *1-" i a cloth moistened ln * /“l* water. co°l *<, BRAKES TESTED FREE! GET OUR SEAL (Gummed Sticker) OF APPROVAL In Cooperation and Compliance With the NATIONWIDE 3RAKE CHECK PROGRAM Conducted by the International Association of CHIEFS OF POLICE MANY THANKS With deep appreciation, I feel very grateful to all those who voted and worked for me in Monday’s election. To those elected I pledge cooperation in any manner for the betterment of our City. Again I thank you. GEORGE H. BRINSON NOTICE WRIGHTSVILLE BEACH ELECTION Pursuant to charter requirements as amended all aspirants for the office of mayor or alderman of the Town of Wrightsville Beach must file with the town clerk before May 1st their in tention to be a candidate in the June 4th, 1945 biennial election. All legal residents must register with the town clerk before Sunset May 15th, 1945 to be eligible to vote. R. L. BENSON Town Clerk, Wrightsville Beach S' h J C I rr . V Xhe straight whiskies in this prod- ir uct are five years or more old, twenty- ^ seven and one-half percent straight ^ whiskies, seventy-two and one-half E I g^ percent grain neutral spirits — five | tl percent straight whiskies six years ei ti • old, twenty-two and one-half percent c H . i straight whiskies five years and three n months old. 86.8 Proof. f* Dl | Seagram-Distillers Corporation New York, New York % • V SEE KAMER AND SEE BETTER Eyes Examined, Glasses Fitted DR. W. A. KAMER Optometrist Bnlluck Building iiiiinmniiiniiinniiiiniiHiiiiiiHimi I 111HI ■ • Visit Our Store For < ;; Quality ; ; J JEWELRY and GIFTS < :: B. GURR, Jeweler ] ;; 264 N. Front St. J Costs Little! S£RVIST<m Rug and Carpet Cleaner USE ONCE A MONTH PRESERVES COLOR One box is adequate for one 9x12 rug and two or three smaU ones. A light application month ly will maintain the true color and beauty of floor coverings. Save at Sears! ; 307 No. Front St. Wilmington, N. C. Dial 6626 Bring Us Your Motor for Repairs ALL WORK GUARANTEED j B & E Electric Motor Repair Co. 230 N. Water St. Phone 2-0122 G. F. Wulff — Harry J. Everett ORIENT LODGE NO. 395 A. F. & A. N. Special communication this Wednesday evening, April 25th at 7:30 o’clock. FELLOWCRAFT DEGREE All qualified Masons cordially Invited. By order of the Master. W. H. McClain, Secretary YOUR OPPORTUNITY For Individual Enrollment In Tke (FOR LIMITED PERIOD ONLY) Persons Who Are Self-Employed, Unemployed, Retired, or Working Where There Are Less Than 10 Employees —And Who Are Not Over 65 Years of Age—May Now Have PREPAID HOSPITAL & SURGERY CARE Yes, thousands of North what it costs is covered in Carolinians are now ... for the new Individual enrcll the first time . . . eligible ment folder, to receive the benefits of Blue Cross is a non-profit prepaid Hospitalization organization p r o v i ding a through the new Blue Cross public health service. Ac Individual Enrollment Plan. tion is entirely within your Complete information on how hands — so mail the coupon to join, what you get and today. HOSPITALIZATION, SURGERY and OBSTETRICAL CARE ... At Low Cost. Individual and Family Mem berships. HOSPITAL SAVING ASSOCIATION of North Carolina, Inc. 913 Murchison Building Wilmington, N. C. I —--—i MAIL THIS oLiUib ukuss, »13 Murchison Bldg. COUPON Wilmington, N. C. If the following information entitles me FOR to join under the direct enrollment plan, please send me an application card. APPLICA- [ am Self-employed ( ) unemployed ( ) TION CARD retired () or or I am employed by____ Join In Employer’s Address ___ Person your occupation ______ At the Number of Persons employed __ Wilmington - please print Office Name ____ 913 Date Murchison Address -- Bldg. _ ■ ' 5 -. .■■■■■ Lj■■ ■ . 5 —7 ...For today’s J MODE OF LIVING.. s* Three The / Million Dollar ,^.wa m a ROGER MOORE Sec.-Treas. Asst. See.-Treai, Pres. W. A. FONVIELLE W. D. JONES M. G. JAMES, V-Pres. J. o. CARIUtty, NOTICE All Persons Owing Back Taxes are warned i! immediate payment or satisfactory arrangements are not made prop, erty will be sold to satisfy all tax claims plus cost and interest. No further notice will be given. Back Tax Department | City and County Tax Office High Quality Dunlap Garden Hose Tough, Long-Wearing, Seamless Rubber Inner Tube Tough, long-wearing. Synthetic rubber inner tube, reinforced with braided cot ton. Stands average city water pressure. 5-8 inch inside diameter. With metal cauplings and washers. 25-Ft. Lengths I HOSE WASHERS HOSE MENDER COUPLING Rubber. Fit all stan- Use to repair leaky Clincher dard couplings, stop garden hose, make Makes a leakproor leaks. Box of 12. it serviceable. connection. GARDEN HOSE PLASTIC NOZZLE Jj. 59. Adjusts to ti"e Craftsman. Forg- eoar«« ed and fully po- 01 iished 6 1-2 inch spray* Strong steel blade. One- _ piece blade and plastic * shank. Hard- viccabie. wood handle. CULTIVATOR CULTIVATOR t ~ A __ CT Four sharp, None finer tempered steel prongs. 5 steei t i n«» inches wi i d e. Hardwood has 4 1-3’ handle. Buy Anything Totaling __ _ — 307 North Front St 10.00 or More On mLlllfm Wilmington. N' C Easy Payments Dial 6626 ^
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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April 25, 1945, edition 1
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