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The Star News can not be responsible for currency sent through the mails.____ MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS AND ALSO SERVED BY THE UNITED PRESS With confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounding determination of our people— we will gain the Inevitable triumph—eo help us God. Roosevelt’s War Message. FRIDAY. MAY 11, 1945. TOP ’O THE MORNING Life changes all our thoughts of Heaven: At first we think of streets of gold Of gates of pearl and dazzling light, And things all strange to mortal light, But in the afterward of years It is a more familiar place; A home unhurt by sighs or tears While waiteth many a well-known face With passing months it comes more near. It grows more real day by day; Not strange or cold, but very dear— Where none are sick, or poor, or lone, The place where we shall find our own. ROBERT BROWNING. -V How About Hess? Now that the war in Europe is over some interesting reading could be provided by telling the truth about Rudolf Hess. So many fantas tic tales have been told since he made his ill starred flight across the channel and was ar rested by the British, it would be a relief to have the real facts. The Germans claimed he had hallucinations. The British have said he hoped to make peace between Germany and Britain and permit Hit ler to attack Russia without interference from the west. Both are plausible, but fall short of the whole story. Let’s have it, London. -V Buy More Bonds -. t With Germany surrendered, it would be so easy to convince oneself that the need for aid . in the war against Japan is of minor impor tance, that the time for doing an all-out job is past and everybody may safely sit by and hear of great victories in complete relaxation. It would be easy because everybody wishes it were so. But it is not so. On the contrary, the conclusion of the European war ought to be a signal to the entire population at home to redouble its effort in all possible ways in the interest of speeding the ultimate downfall of the foe in the Far East. And one way in which public effort should be redoubled is in support of the forthcoming War Bond campaign. The more money the people invest in war bonds, the more war ma terials can be paid for—without additions to the direct tax burden. We say “invest”1 ad visedly, for every dollar used to purchase war bonds is just that. This has been repeatedly pointed out since the first bond campaign, but loses nothing by repetition. Every dollar so invested is as good as cash in the pocket and in two ways better. Whereas money in the pocket is liable to be spent and at best earns nothing, money put into war bonds is capital investment and draws good interest. Until Japan is beaten, until there is no further need for public purchase of war bonds, buy them, buy more of them, and above all hold on to them until their maturity date. -V Cooperation Did It It’s all a matter of viewpoint. The Russians look upon the victory in Germany as a Russian achievement with Allied aid. Britain’s spokes man, Winston Churchill, never fails to talk of “our” accomplishment with the help of the great American and Russian Allies. In the United States we feel that we did the job with such assistance as Britain and the Soviet Union could give. ( The fact is that Germany could never have been beaten but for the cooperative effort of all three powers. It may be that because of the great indus trial resources of this nation and the courage of its fighting men, the United States could riot have survived without the bridge of ships we built across the Atlantic. Russia would have fallen but for the equipment we provided. But it must not be forgotten that Britain had a fighting heart and Russia the manpower to use American tools of war. Nor should it be overlooked that 'the successful strategy was worked out by the joint Allied staff in close affiliation with Russia’s military leadership, i Success in the European theater of war can be attributed only to the cooperation of the three powers. Ip this not a fair principle of conduct for the peace? , Norway* And Germany: Hitler had several reasons for occupying Norway, besides the one he gave out. He said his purpose was to protect the country against the -British. In reality’he wanted bases for his U-boats and easier access to Sweden’s iron and steel. There is no reason to doubt also that even then Hitler had made up his mind to attack Russia and wanted to outflank the Soviet Union from the north. So his forces killed 3,000 Norwegians and caused losses through damage and requisition amounting to fully $100,000,000,. and subjected the people to the barbaric rule of Quisling and the gestapo. But Hitler’s invasion and conquest of Nor way was not as profitable as he expected it to be. While the Germans claimed their own losses were fewer than 5,000. the Norwegians estimated them from 60,000 to 70,000. With Hitler’s indifference to human lives and the willingness of his commanders to sacrifice any number of men to gain objectives, it is prob able the Norwegian estimate is the more ac curate. In addition, Hitler lost the Norwegian fleet some thousand 'ships and 30,000 seamen who went over to the Allies. What counted even more than all this against the Germans, all the Quislings and Gestapo agents could not break the spirit of the heroic people. Their increasing opposition led to greater oppression, but not for a moment were they cowed by Hitler’s Supermen. Now the Norwegians are free again. It will take all of five years for reconstruction. But the fact remains that while the Norwegians will “come back” by their own effort, Ger many cannot cope with its own rehabilitation problems. Setting out to destroy the world, under Hit ler’s leadership, Germany is destroyed. From the beginning of time there has never been a moment that man or nation could do wrong and get away with it. \T _ The South’s Future _♦_ The industrial, agricultural and business possibilities of the South in the brave new world ahead are limited only by vision and thriftiness of the people There are great unexplored and a wealth of partially developed resources, and money in great quantities, largely represented by bonds, to be sure, but negotiable on short notice. To take advantage of these assets it would seem necessary to have two things happen. Primarily, we believe, the essential need is assurance from Washington that the tax burden will be sufficiently relieved to encourage the possessors of wealth to invest it, bring it out of hiding, put it to work, without fear of federal drain. Scarcely less important is the South’s em ployment of native talent and manpower. The future must be made so alluring to the South’s young men that they will consider no inducement to settle in other regions. -V Central Control Headquarters . . Where to establish headquarters for the Cen tral Allied Control Commission in Germany is puzzling the gentlemen upon whom falls responsibility, for the selection. There will be fully 4,000 persons in the cen tral group. This number will be considerably increased by clerical staffs. The preference of all concerned is Berlin, but with this great army of workers it is questionable if the capi tal can provide adequate accommodations. Berlin has been terribly shattered because of Hitler’s folly. Most of its public buildings are in ruins and hotel and other living quarters scarce. Second choice seems to rest upon Leipzig or possibly Magdeburg. But if Berlin is not hosen there is a belief in London that headquarters will be set up in the Russian area of occupa tion and not be garrisoned by all four powers as originally planned. The origin of this belief and whether it would have the approval of the London, Washington and Paris governments are not known. A reasonable guess is that, barring Berlin, and if Premier Stalin wants the central office in his occupational zone, it will be located in accordance with his wish. Like Sentimental Tommy, Mr. Stalin “has a way” of getting what he wants. » --V EDITORIAL COMMENT WHAT IS THE THIRD REICH In 1930 Hitler boldly asserted his intention of forming a “Third Reich.” He figured it out this way: First reich was the holy Roman Empire, later called the German Roman Empire of the days of the Crusades. Second reich was the German Empire founded in 1871 by Frederick III, and con tinued until 19J8 under Emperor William II —the kaiser—who died .in exil^ on June 4th, 1941, in Doom Holland. Third reich is Hitler’s Germany which he took over as chancellor on January 30, 1933. Reich is translated freely as “empire.”— Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. -V NO FAITH Dick Baker, the cotton buyer, was smiling at his friends in Homer Wednesday after noon. Dick says when about eighteen years old a drouth hit Royston and he started to church with a crowd to pray for rain. As they passed Seab Westmoreland’s shoe shop, Seab came out and told the bunch they had no confidence in the prayers bringing rain, be cause neither one was taking his umbrella along.—Banks County (Ga.) Journal. -V A “TRIAL SERMON” The Inquisition is gone, but some preach ers are asked to “preach a trial sermon” while the congregation sits in judgment.— Jacksonville (Fla.) Times-Union Fair Enough _ V._ (Editor's note.—The Star and the News accept no responsibility for the personal views of Mr. Pegler, and often disagree with them as much as many of his read ers. His articles serve the good purpose of making peoole think.) By WESTBROOK PEGLER (Copyright, 1945, by King Features Syndicate) SAN FRANCISCO.—The incidents of this conference thus far and the demeanor of the Russians must remind any American with an honest memory that many offices of the na tional • government and many in powerful un ions of the CIO are occupied by men and women who would turn against the United States in any conflict of interest with Russia. This attitude was shown during the period between the start of the war in the fall of 1939 and June 21, 1941, when Hitler attacked Russia. During that time, the American com munists and many, although not all, of their fellow-travelers, were not merely pro-Russian but anti-American. No cry for “unity” nor fear of the recorded truth can discredit the memory of picket lines denouncing the war then as an imperialist venture of Britain and France in which the American government was abetting the aggressors. The White House, itself, was picketed and strikes were contrived by the communists in CIO unions, one of which Franklin D. Roosevelt himself denounced as a violent insurrection- inspired by an alien philosophy, namely communism, to hinder this nation’s efforts to rearm. Throughout an earlier period under the new deal, covering several years, this large and clamorous element in the union movement and in that group which had preempted the title of “liberal,” opposed all proposals that the United States prepare to meet any armed challenge. The counter-proposal here was that this country remain weak militarily and rely on Russia to uphold freedom against Hitler ism and fascism. Eietween the start'of the war and Hitler’s blow at Russia, the relations between the new deal and, the communist front were austere. But after June 21, 1941, the communists and the new dealers in Washington soon became reconciled and in a very brief period predic tions that these people would berecognized again were confirmed. tine national maritime union was given po litical encouragement and practical help in its purpose of assuming control of the man ning and operation of a merchant fleet creat ed by the people of the United States. Henry Wallace, then vice-president, fraternized pub licly with Joseph Curran, the president of this organization which, in all the meanderings of the communist party line, had hewn to that line. Franklin D. Roosevelt sent greetings to the CIO’s union of office workers, a similar organization,, whose president, calling himself Lewis Merrill, had dropped his original name after migrating to the United States from Canada. Mrs. Roosevelt openly placed herself in social and political fellowship with such persons and, at Roosevelt’s fourth inaugura tion, one of the guests at the White House listed by Marshall Field’s New York outlet for communist propaganda was a thief named Margolis who had changed his name 'to Gail mor and now was preaching over a station of the Blue Network the current line of the communists. His sponsor was a Russian im migrant manufacturing secret electrical equipment who also is associated with prom inent communists. The Dies committee was made the target of a historic anti-American conspiracy be cause it had exposed the guilt of thousands of pseudo-American communist unioneers, new deal bureaucrats and influential govern ment employees and finally was blasted out of existence. Since then its irreplaceable rec ords have disappeared and the only man who could have interpreted them and traced the relationships between myriad names, includ ing aliases, and organizations, has been hounded into the army through the draft. Thus the army wins a soldier 32 years old and o' sedentary type and Congress loses the serv ices of a living index to a complex record of treachery. He is Robert Stripling, the com mittee’s chief investigator. Now, for Russia, the German war is over and Russia has no other war. The United States still has a war to win against Japan as a result of which Russia stands in line to inherit an Asiatic empire without firing a shot or even providing military accommo dations for Amercan and British forces. i icaiucm xittixy iiuuiau iiaa mucnieu xrum the long Roosevelt regime a dangerous do mestic organization of conspirators who, in all situations in which American interests and Russian intentions disagree, may be relied on to uphold Russia. He never has been sym pathetic with this element but he will need a new attorney-general, free of obligation to Sidney Hillman’s Political Action Committee, and the help of a Congress now liberated from executive dictation, to enforce existing laws against revolutionary conspiracy and to provide new laws for domestic security. Probably, as a result of the Russian atti tude in the last few weeks, he and Congress will receive sudden great encouragement from a people now convinced that just as we grant Russia the right to conduct her internal af fairs without interference from us, American security requires simmlar freedom at home. Throughout this conference there have been repetitious reminders that for fifteen years the United States did not give Russia her confidence and did not understand Russia. Eut the reason why the American people could not give Russia their confidence was that in their midst an organization directed from Moscow was diligently undermining the Amer ican government under the protection of American laws. The reason why Americans could not understand Russia was that Russia purposely maintained a mystery and was un derstood by only a few Americans who adopt ed the Russian ideal of dictatorship and ruth less power as a basis of that Understanding. Now, apparently, even with Russia, alone, victorious and relieved of the burdens and pains of war, the American people will be called on to continue lend-lease to Russia and her continental satellites. The scene has shift ed without changing much. Chamberlain took his umbrella to Munich. Uncle Sam goes to Moscow with his check book. -V WAR AND GEOGRAPHY War teaches us a lot of geography, if we don’t mumble or skip the places we can’t pronounce.—Roanoke (Va.) World News. -—V ADOLF HITLER 1889-1945 “Death’s but a sure retreat from infamy.” —New York World Telegram. -V RE-EDUCATING THE GERMANS Re-educating Germans is like converting sinners. There is no hope till they stop blam ing others and start blaming themselves.— Roanoke ;^Wa.) World News. 1 THE NEXT ENEMY TO BE OVERPOWERED_ Lee Miller Covers The Pacific BY LEE G. MILLER ABOARD A CRUISER IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC—(by wire less)—My nap was interrupted by a voice that seemed to come from inside my pillow. The voice inton ed, “The smoking lamp is out throughout the ship.” It seeped through my drowsy consciousness that I was aboard a warship. And that we were about to depart for some serious shoot ing. The loudspeaker announcement was the Navy’s ancient way of say ing, “no smoking”—we were tak ing on gasoline. I had come aboard the previous evening with three other newspap ermen. After several months of vis iting Army units it was quite a change. No more shaving from a helmet —there was a wash basin with faucets in the cabin I shared with a warrant officer. No more luke warm chlorinated water to drink— there was ice-water fountains all over the ship, and though this was distilled sea water it tasted pure and wonderful. (Actually this con verted seawater has less salt con tent than normal fresh water). No more mosquitoes or dirt-floor ed tents or living from a duffle bag. And our first meal was steak, asparagus, potatoes (not dehydrat ed), pie and ice cream. And presently I turned in, not on a cot, but on the top layer of a double bunk with mattress and pil low. It was too much. Though 1 went to bed after midnight I was awake at 5:30. Hence my afternoon snooze. My introduction to the Navy was rather elaborate, since we travelled first in a little LCVP, boarded a destroyer excort, were picked up by a PT boat and travelled at 38 knots to an anchorage where a small barge transferred us to a cruiser. As we stepped from the gangway onto the quarterdeck, the officer, saluted us smartly. I returned the salute all right, but I clean forgot to salute the colors first as is the Navy custom, so they undoubtedly —and correctly—marked me down as a landlubber. Three of the four correspondents aboard were replacements for men killed out here. Sam .Kinch of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram succeed ed Stanley Gunn, and Jerry Thorp of the Chicago Daily News replac ed John Terry. Gunn apd Terry and Asahel Bush, of the Associated Press were killed when a Jap bomb hit their billet at Tacloban on Ley te. Another member of our party. Jim Hutcheson of the AP, moved from that Tacloban house a few hours before the bombing—because ants were bothering him. ,And I’ve been assigned to take over Ernie Pyle’s column. Before coming aboard, inciden tally, I had received a wireless from Lester Cowan, Hollywood, producer of the picture GI Joe, sug gested by Ernie's work. The pic ture, he said, would still be “shown first wherever Ernie is as I prom ised him.” Lester had intended showing the film to whatever unit Ernie would be covering at the time. Now it will be shown on that bleak far island here he fell. Ernie’s old friend, Paige Cava naugh, wrote to me a few weeks ago from Hollywood that the pic ture was turning out- fine. If the finished product is as good as some of the sequences Ernie and I saw in Hollywood in December, it may even be a great picture, though a melancholy one under the circum stances. I’ll try to get to Ie Shima for the showing if Lester gives me sufficient notice to arrange the trip. WASHINGTON CALLING by MARQUIS CHILDS WASHINGTON,—This is the way the Nazis’ world ends-not with a bang, but a whimper. The structure of Nazism was weaker than anyone had suspect ed. What is amazing is that the Prussian military did not succeed long before this in effecting the mass surrenders that are now tak ing place. Ever since the success of the Normandy invasion, they have known that victory was no longer possible. After Stalingrad they knew that the most to be hoped for was a stalemate, with the re mote possibility of splitting the Al lies. That was why General Walter von Seydlitz, captured at Stalin grad, a typical representative of the Junker military caste, could bring himself to go on the radio at Moscow and urge the German people to overthrow the Nazis and surrender. Von Seydlitz knew that every day the war continued—and particularly the air war--German power was being destroyed that much more. I have talked with Americans who were permitted by the Rus sians to interview von Seydlitz in a prison camp in Moscow. He talked freely, and they came away convinced that he was under no coercion in making his broadcast appeals to the Reich. When he was captured last week, Lt. Gen. Kurt Dittmar, mil itary commentator for the Ger man general staff, gave the same kind of evidence. He said that, if only the July plot against Hitler’s life had not failed, then surrender would have been possible last sum mer or certainly early in the fall. But why did these professional military men want to surrender? It is important to ask that ques tion now. Certainly it was not out of any humanitarian motive, with the desire of ending the slaughter and the suffering. These profes sionals are conditioned by breed ing, background and experience to override any vestige of human compassion that may have sur vived. The reason they wanted to sur render was to preserve Germany’s strength for future wars; to pre serve her future war-making po tential. It was these same pro fessionals, men of the type of von Seydlitz, Kesselring and von Rund stedt, who began immediately aft er the defeat of 1918 to plot the next war. That other defeat was in the Prussian tradition. It was a recog nition that any further resistance was not merely futile, but would impair the capacity of the Reich to strike again. It left Germany’s productive capacity almost un touched. These Prussian professionals were perfectly willing to use Hit ler when he came along. The fa natical Austrian was a useful tool in helping them to rearm the Reich. He was able to inflame a dispirited and confused people with a new zeal for conquest. He helped to spread the myth that treachery at home, rather than military disaster, caused the 1918 downfall. Hitler knew all along, of course, that these men intended to use him. He built up his own armed foijce—the gestapo and the waffen SS—and his own instruments of terror and torture. In the end he seems to have held the power, forcing decisions that upset the plans of the general stsfl. If there is anyone left in Germany to tell it, that will be one of the fasci nating stories to come out of the debacle—the conflict between the Nazis and the professional sol diers. But all this suggests another and more important question. What is to happen to these professionals, these Prussian generals and ad mirals, who surrender? They are the' real criminals. Their crimes were cold-blooded and calculated. They knew how to exploit psychopaths such as Hit ler for their own ends. Surely, they are not absolved by this last-minute surrender. It is true, of course, that we have saved precious lives and precious time by the mass surrender that occurred in Italy. But if we prom ised immunity to the general staff, the price might be almost too high, since it could mean another war in another generation. In naming Associate Justice Robert H. Jackson to be chief counsel for the United States in preparing the war crimes cases, President Truman has bridged, in part at least, a gap in our Ger man policy. It is an excellent ap pointment. Justice Jackson will not mistake the shadow for the substance. The dead Hitler is the shadow. These' professionals, perpetually plotting war, are the substance. (Copyright 1945 by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.) ATLANTA, Ga., May 10—