- ■ j Served By Leased Wires nrttttm j&twc '■s&r k State and National Newt yffij.p.—NO. 166-^-- ' ___WILMINGTON, N. C., SATURDAY. MAY 12. 1945 ~ ■**>*"- —a ESTABLISHED 18flt Soviets lut Enemy Units In Slovakia j JOIN YANK FORCES Ked Army Wrestles With Nazi Sabotage In Ruined Berlin LONDON, Saturday, May 12.— Russian armies, slicing up %7zl troops resisting Germany s unconditional surrender in Czech oslovakia and northern Austria, made three junctions with Ameri can forces yesterday while the Red "rmy wrestled with Nazi sabotage in ruined Berlin. Soviet forces in the German cap ital battled waves of fires set by Nazi "werewolves” and extricated he bodies of hundreds of German civilians from flooded subways where they were drowned in last act Nazi terrorism. While fighting went on more than three days after Germany’s official surrender, the Soviet high command aimuiuacu A,, entire former Eastern Front 560 000 enemy prisoners had been seized Wednesday through Friday. The nightiy Soviet war bulletin revealed that the entire Courland peninsula of Latvia had been oc cupied following the total surren der of German forces in the Batl tic states, while the Vistula river delta east of the port of Danzig also was freed of enemy forces. Forty - five German generals were among the thousands of Ger man prisoners captured on all fronts in the past three days, Mos cow said. In Czechoslovakia, Marshal Ivan S. Konev’s first Ukrainian army west of liberated Prague linked with American troops near Roky cany, nine miles east of Pilsen, while Marshal Rodion Y. Malin ovsky’s second Ukrainian arrrfy also made a linkup below Prague in the area northwest of Ceske Budejovice. Malinovsky’s troops also occu pied Gmuend and Zwettl in Aus tria near the Austro - ^lhemian , frontier 45 miles northeast of Lin?. The German resistance in Czechoslovakia was being offered by Field Marshal Ferdinand Schoerner's "m i d d le army groups”, but the Soviet command threw powerful armored an d storm forces into the battle to wipe out the last Nazi pockets. East of Prague, Gen. Andrei I. Yeremenko’s Fourth Ukrainian ar my battle to close an escape cor ridor for thousands of still-fight ing German forces north and northeast of the Czechoslovak cap ital. Yeremenko’s forces narrowed the gap to 32 miles by capturing Kolin, Kutna-Hora and Tabor. In northern Austria, Malinov sky’s troops forced the major fiart of Col. Gen. Woehler’s German army group, fighting under Schoerner’s overall command, to surrender. In the Czechoslovka capital of Prague, German resistance had ceased except for occasional rifle fire from a "few mad individuals” which the Prague radio said still were sniping at civilians and Red army troops. All German troops and civilians were ordered to surrender their (Continued on Page Five; Col. 6) -V 1 W ■ MW V nmmm ___ _ __ mnuKtLtASt 2,500 MEN TODAY fint Of Soldiers To Be Dis charged After Vic tory Planned WASHINGTON, May 11—(A>)_The irst of 1.300,000 soldiers to be re eased from tbe Army within a Jear under the new point rating row* teave for home tomor The War Department said today about 2,500 men-long time frndranS o£ £he fi8'hting on all -h ”.S~Wl1 be handed their dis “arge papers during the day, lit DnirHP°re- £ban hours after the ]jc ratmg system was made pub ti^Rnrn 4are among an estimat CL„6’000, troops -eligible for dis Stato8.6 WhJ° are now in the United lor rpctUnder £he station system ost and recuperation. BarL°ltho 2’500’ the War De scoSr fld’ have high point 8ea. a,,, sngth of service, over A comhat and parenthood. for discharged °f 85 iS necessary WWeh i7 separations centers at are sc=h6 ^en W*H he released tion. Thltered throughout the na sible ip J?611 are sent when pos homes fnm,-6 ,0nes nearest their al center.,dlSCharg?' Five addition operation S°°n Wil1 he placed in reported3!wPartment’' meanwhile Proxirnately3' 70 3UrVey lhows ap‘ men in N.y 7.° Per cent of the Work for emnV.™7 probably will about R mo p oyers after the was; school onP ar plan to attepp another r? 3 'u " ‘me basis; arid self-empinvpPier ticent exPect to be y d after theirdischarge. 9 _“When The Lights Go On Again , . _ Like a promise of bright years of peace to come, V-E Day brought light to two symbols of Ameri can democracy that had been blacked out since shortly after Pearl Harbor. At left, above, a Canadian WAC and a U. S. Navy officer watch as lights blaze over the Capital dome in Washington. At right, a powerful battery of floodlights illuminates the Statue of Liberty, as a soldier and his girl friend look on. 6,000,000 NAZIS MAY BE PUNISHED Little Chance For Doenitz To Escape Fate, Re port Says LONDON, May 11.— W) —Penal ties for Germany’s war atrocities —concentration camps, slave la bor, enforced prostitution and planned starvation — may be im posed on 4,000,000 to 6,000,000 of the conquered Reich’s population in the form of personal punish ment, it was learned today. This estimate came from a re sponsible source close to the war crimes commission. He added that Rudolf Hess, one time No. 2 Nazi had flew to Eng land in 1941 on a reported peace mission, fugitive hangman Hein rich Himmler and Hermann Goer ing, captured Luftwaffe chief, all were definitely on the United Na tions war criminals list. The course said there was little chance that Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, who succeeded Adolf Hit ler as German Fuehrer, would es cape a similar fate. He held the belief that Doenitz, chief of Nazi U-boat warfare, would be held ac countable for the machine-gunning of open, unarmed boats in vila tion of the international rules of war. Meanwhile it was learned that the question of setting up a tribu nal for the actual trial of war criminals and their organizations awaited the attention of the for eign ministers of Britain, France, Russia and the United Stajes. The problem originally was rcwrred to hac lined tumci cuv,c, wets shunted aside in favor of other more immediate problems, such as Poland. Simultaneously, it was establish ed that neutral countries would not be given the opportunity to sit in judgment upon those accus ed of war crimes and that the trials would be held in public to impress on the Germans the mag nitude of their crimes. It was established that the war crimes commission, which has headquarters here, regards as war criminals will those decreed, directed or participated in policies which resulted in planned under nourishment, slave labor, concen tration camps and enforced pros titution. riotsWnorway CITIES REPORTED OSLO, May 11.— -VP) —Sporadic shooting between Nazi die-hards and Norwegian patriots broke out in Oslo early today, but by mi night tonight approximately 401, 000 Nazi troops, comprising the German occupation force in Nor way, will have withdrawn from all cities and towns, it was annoounced. A sharp duel between home front forces and a small group of German SS men and Norwegian “hirdmen” took place in the down town area of Oslo, where the Nazi group had hidden in a building. Patriots swarmed to the roof from adjoining buildings and killed an undetermined number of SS and hirdmen in a four-hour battle. British Brigadier General Rich ard Hilton, chief of the Allied con trol commission in Norway, an nounced that the 400,000 Nazi troops in Norway at the time of its capitulation were withdrawing from all towns to concentration points throughout the country, where they will await return to Germany. MORE COASTWISE SHIPPING SOUGHT Aid From Government Is Sought By South At lantic Ports By DAVID BRINKLEY Wilmington Star-News Washington Bureau WASHINGTON, May 11—A com mittee from the South Atlantic Florida Ports conference today formally requested the government to help re-establish coastwise ship ping, either through temporary subsidy to ship operators or by an arrangement like that under which the nation runs its wartime shipping overseas. A resolution to that effect was drafted after a two-day conference at which members from North and South Carolina, Georgia and Flor ida sought to increase the volume of shipping moving through their ports. J. T. Hiers, of Wilmington, vice president of the conference, was a member of the three-man com mittee which called on the War Shipping Administration and the Maritime commission with a reso lution pointing out that coastwise shipping is a valuable component of the war effort, an aid to main tenance of employment, and a pro tection for “vast amounts of pub lic and private investment.” Hiers said ship operators told the conference they could not op erate their coastwise lines with out government aid because of in creased costs of labor and mate rials “even if the ships were giv en to them.” One operator said some of his labor costs have in creased 400 percent since the war started, making it impossible to operate with freight rates pegged where they are. They said the only way adequate service can be maintained now is by government subsidy or by hav ing the government tetain them as its operating agents as it does, with lines carrying war supplies overseas. All such government aid, it was emphasized, will be temporary. After the war, presumably, the (Continued on Page Two; Col, 2) Eisenhower Puts Limit On U. S. Transfer Plan ’ \ PARIS, Saturday, May 12.—(£>)—Gen. Eisenhower has ordered that American combat soldier! who have fought in both Europe and North Africa are not to be sent to the Pacific war zone, supreme head quarters revealed last night. In a letter to generals of his oommand, Eisenhower said yes teraay. tyc must uc auic mat. nv» soldier is sent to the Pacific who has fought in both North1' Africa and Europe. It may be that some soldiers in this category will not have sufficient points to be eligible for discharge. “However, these men should be retained to-the European theater for occupation as they should not be required to fight another cam paign.” Meanwhile, America’s war ef fort in the European theater slip ped into reverse today when the Army put into effect its vast re deployment plan to switch the bulk of fighting men in this thea ter to the Pacific. Already some American service troops were moving toward French ports, beginning the long trip which will carry them to the Pa cific. Combat troops will begin moving in about six months. “For the first time in history,” said a supreme headquarters statement, “victory does not mean demobilization of the temporary citizen army. “With another war still to be fought, many units which saw ac tion here are preparing to fight again half way around the world.” “R” Day will make the begin ning of tabulation of individual ad justed rating cards, which will de termine who shall fight and who shall go home. Soldiers who have done enough toward conquering Germany to rate 85 points on their cards will just about have a ticket come, and units will immediately begin training men to replace them. Gen. Eisenhower sent a letter to (Continued on Page Two; Col. 1) YUGOSLAV PARTISANS TAKE AUSTRIAN TOWN WITH THE BRITISH EIGHTH ARMY IN AUSTRIALIA, May 11. — (P> —Yugoslav partisans moviiw into Southern Carinthia and Styrm in an apparent effort to claim parts of the two Austrian prov inces for Marshal Tito set1 up a clock on a main road yesterday, forcing the Eighth Army to re route traffic temporarily as it sought speedy occupation of, its rone. In Voelkermarkt itself the par tisans gave Hhe town administra tion 30 miniates to leave and an lounced they would administer :he municipality. DOUGHBOYS OPEN STRONGEST DRIVE TO CAPTURE OKINA WA; SMASHING AERIAL BLOW SEEN DOOLITTLE CITES GIANT AIR RAIDS «** OVER 2,000 PLANES Mass B-29 Attacks Plan ned To Blast Enemy In Pacific LONDON, May 11.—<U.R)—Hor rific air smashes at Japan involv ing more than 2,000 mammoth Superfortress bombers were fore seen today. Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle, who led the first raid on Tokyo three years ago and whose Eighth U. S. Air Force helped blast Germany ‘into submission, and his deputy commander, Maj. Gen. Orvil A. Anderson, discussed the Pacific war at a press conference. Anderson said he could envisage attacks by more than 2,000 B-29’s, if necessary, to crush Japan. He said after the conference, however, he thought it would be unnecessary because he believed that the en emy would collapse before the air offensive reached that size. The biggest raid on Japan so was yesterday’s 400-superfort at tack. Doolittle said he thought the Pacific war would follow the pat tern of the European war, with steady weakening of Japan by air power, followed by an over powering land invasion. “My feeling is that we will con tinue to increase the size of our air attacks against Japan as we can get airfields and crews,” he said. Redeployment of the IJjghth Air Force, he explained, be in three directions. One part will re main in Europe as an “air army of occupation;” part will be sent to the United States to be recon verted to reserve status, and the rest will-go directly to the Pacific* as fast as they can be absorbed. The big Flying Fortresses that mad rubble out of many German district would have to play the role of “medium” bombers in the Pacific where the much larger superfortresses have been shatter ing Japan, it was noted. Augmented by planes from the Eighth Air Force, the air offensive against Japan might be able to exceed that in Europe which some times involved more than 2,000 bombers. Doolittle revealed that the Eighth’s maximum operational strength was 2,400 heavy bombers and 1,200 fighters scattered over 60 airfields, about 200,000 men and women served with the air force. Anderson said air bases on Oki nawa, 300 miles from southern Ja pan would when ready bring libera tor and Flying Fortress bombers and Mustang and Thunderbolt fighters within range of 70 per cent of Japan’s war potential. Bas ing Stfperforts on Okinawa will permitfa one and one-half ton in (Continued on Page Five Col. 3) Allies Told To Sink All Enemy Submarines Who Fail To Surrender WASHINGTON, May 11.— (U.R)— Although all German submarines have been ordered to give them selves up under the terms of un conditional surrender, some of them may try to reach Japan. A Naval spokesman disclosed tonight that some German U-boats already have surfaced and reveal ed their position and others have contacted Allied escorts sent to meet them. As yet, no underseas craft has come into an American port. The terms of surrender require submarines to surface, fly a black flag above their 'ensign and report their position to the Allies. In response to a question, the spokesman told newsmen that if any submarine does not carry out the terms of surrender or shows any hostile action, it undoubtedly will be sunk by the Allies. _ i Eisenhower To Head Army Of Occupation WASHINGTON, May 11.—KJ5P)— Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lt. Gen. Lucius D. Clay were nam ed today to head the American part of a “stern” military govern ment in Germany. Eisenhower will he top man in the setup and Clay, officially de scribed as “tough-minded,” will be chief deputy handling actual op erations. Among other things Clay will supervise “the entire de Nazification program” and the “ruthless” suppression of under ground activity. In an outline of organizational plans for the occupation, the Army announced that Eisenhower will be American member of the over-all control council on which Russia, Britain and France will be represented. He will also be military commander of the Amer ican occupation zone, which is yet to be officially delineated. General Clay will be his deputy in both capacities. The Army announcement said Clay was “hand picked by Presi dent Roosevelt for the direction of the occupation of Germany.” It described him as “a tough minded soldier with thorough understand ing and experience in the balance between military necessity and civilian requirements.” A former director of materiel for the Army Service Forces, Claiy was director for war programs jn the Office of War Mobilization and reconversion before he went to Europe in April. In Washington he was generally credited with spon sorship of several of the tougher civilian crack-down orders which emanated from the office of War (Continued on Page Two; Col. 4) FOURDMSKS ENTER CAMPAIGN JAPS COUNTERATTACK More Than 40 Enemy Planes Shot Down, Nimitz Reports GUAM, Saturday, May 12.—HV; Four divisions of the 10th U. S. Army launched the strongest at* tack of the 41-day old Okinawa campaign shortly after dawn yes terday despite numerous Japanese counterattacks by land and alt throughout the preceding night. A series of enemy aerial attacks on American shore installations and ships lying off Okinawa dam aged three small naval units, Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz said iq today’s communique. More than 40 attacking planes were shot down. On land, practically all of the attacking Japanese were killed,'* Nimitz reported. The enemy made several night assaults on American front lines and a number of at tempts at infiltration. All were frustrated. Maj. Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.’s Sixth Marine Division, which the previous day bridged the Asa river estuary, paced the ground offensive, advancing 800 yards to within 1,000 yards of Naha, Oki nawa’s bomb and shell-shattered capital In the center, these Leathernecks and 77th Division Army troops gained heights dominating Shuri, medieval fortress city called the key to the Japanese defense sys tem. All four of the assaulting divi sions—the First and Sixth Marine and 77th and 96th Army—wera fairly fresh outfits. The 96th had about a week’s rest and the other three moved into the lines about a week ago. Maj. Gen. Archibald V. Arnold’s 7th | Army Division presumably had? been relieved from the east coast by the 96th Division after 40 days of tough fighting in the line. Tactically, the most important gains were made in the center by tank-led troops of the First Ma rine and 77th Army divisions. They fought the Japanese hand to hand in rough, high ground before Shu ri. Maj. Gen Pedro A. Del Valle’s First Division Leathernecks oc cupied the village of Dakeshi near Naha. Nimitz also reported 612 Japa nese were killed Thursday, in creasing enemy dead on Okinawa to 39,469. He disclosed Navy casualties from start of the Ryukyus cam paign March 18 through Wednes day totaled 6,853. These were 1, 283 officers and men killed, 3,498 wounded and 2,072 missing. His last report on Navy casual ties, May 2, listed 5,551 total cas ualties, including 1,131 killed. Navy bombers sank two small cargo ships and one coastal car go vessel, fired four small cargo ships and a coastal vessel and damaged several fishing craft and (Continued on Page Five; Col. 4); -v_ MORE DOUGHBOYS ! REACH MINDANAO " —~ ■ - » New Move Is Underway To Entrap Japs In Philippines MANILA, Saturday, May U.— M —Strong elements of the U. S. 40th Division have made a land ing on the north coast of -Minda nao island in a new move to en trap the principal Japanese force remaining in the southern Philip pines. This was the third landing on Mindanao to be made by Ameri can forces. In announcing the op eration, Gen. Douglas MacArthur said today it had landed in the rear of an enemy force and caught it out of position. This enemy force, in the Inter ior province of Bukidnon, has been threatened by the second Yank landing contingent which had been moving northward from its beach heads on the southwestern coastal area. Besides being surprised by the 40th Division attack, the Japanese elements had their local defenses disrupted by Guerrillas. The new move, MacArthur reported, left them “incapable of serious resist ance.” This puts the Bukidnon enemy between two converging Yank forces, one moving up from the souih and the other down from the north. The new landing force quickly consolidated its beach po sitions and drove four miles In land. B-29’S HAMMER JAP HOMELAND Vital Seaplane Factory, Airfields Are Re ported Hit GUAM, Saturday, May 12.—(TP)— American Superforts are sowing Japan’s harbors and inland sea with mines in a gigantic operation to disorganize Nippon’s shipping while fleets of B-29s hammer the enemy’s homeland factories and airfields. The big bombers spanned the sea from their Marianas islands bases yesterday in three attacks on the empire islands, hitting a vital sea plant factory in the Kobe area on Honshu island and airfields on Kyushu. Maj. Gen. Curtis E. Lemay, com mander of the 21st Bomber Com mand, said the Superforts started on March 27th the first attempt in military history to lock a mari time nation in a complete aerial mine blockade. The B-29s, each carrying around 10 tons of mines, in nearly a dozen missions have planted the explo sives in the inland sea and the harbors of Tokyo, Nagoya and oth er major Japanese cities. Operations to plant the mines and maintain a close reconnais sance, to replace explosives swept up by the Japanese, are directed by Brig. Gen. John H. Davies of Piedmont, Calif., with the coopera tion of the Navy which supplies the mines. Aside from attempting to lock Japanese Naval units in their bas es, the mining missions also are aimed at Hamstringing commercial craft. American officials estimated that 75 per cent of all Nippon’s transportation is waterborne. Nearly 150 Superforts yesterday blasted the Kawanishi seaplane plant near Kobe only a few hours after 400 B-29s had devastated Ja pan’s oil reserves and fuel plants at Tokuyama and Otake, on Hon shu, and at Oshima. A smaller fleet of the giant bom bers also attacked the Oita and Eaeki airfields on Kyushu island, and late ranother force of around 50 B-29s bombed the Kyushu in-' dustrial cities of Miyakanojo and Nittigahara, and the oft-hit Miyas aki airfield. In Washington, the 20th Airforce headquarters said yesterday’s at tack on the Kawanishi plane plant was by visual means as well as instrument, and that results were "good.” All planes from both this mission and from the attack by the smaller fleet on airfields oh Kyushu island returned safely, headquarters said. There was little opposition from enemy aircraft al though considerable anti-aircraft fire was reported. JAP DRIVE ON U. S. AIRBASE SMASHED * # Counterattacks Along Hunan Province Termed 'Prelude’ CHUNGKING, May 11 —<*— The smashing of the Japanese drive on the U. S. airbase at Chihkiang and counterattacks along the entire Hu nan province front are but pre ludes “to a general Chinese coun ter offensive,"’ an Army spokesman declared tonight. Already, the high command de clared, Chinese troops are six miles northwest of Poaching, the big Hu nan province base 125 miles east of Chihkiang from which the Jap anese mounted their ill-fated drive. The north and south pincers of a broad Chinese movement closed on the main highway about 40 miles west of Paoching, trapping large numbers of the enemy, the spokesman declared. The Japanese threw in reserves in an attempt to hilt this counter drive, trying to salvage something from the wreckage of their Chih kiang campaign. Chihking is 250 miles southeast of Chungking. The Chinese estimated that one third of the 80,000 enemy soldiers who began the march on Chih kiang April 9 ifad been killed or wounded, much higher figures than those from the front by Associated Press Correspondents Clyde Farns worth. Simulteaneously, it was disclosed that Chinese troops who long have been standing watch on communist controlled territory in Shensi prov ince had gone into action against the Japanese. These troops, the spokesman said, were attacking from three sides in an attempt to retake the Hupeh province air base city of Laohokow, 350 miles northeast of Chungking. These forces are under the com mand of Gen. Hu Tsung-Nan, one of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek’s most trusted lieutenants. Severe fighting was in progress (Continued on Page Five; Col. 5) GOERING SAYS ENEMY WANTS NO THIRD WAR AUGSBURG, Germany, May 11. — (JP) -Shifty-eyed and perspiring, Hermann Goering, who faces the prospect of answering war crimes charges, declared today that for the Germans “there will be no third war in this century—every one wants peace.” His puffy cheeks reddening under a hot sun Goering uneasily faced a battery of war correspon dents and gave his version, at least, of what had occurred in the Nazi heirarchy during the war /ears. The Japanese attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor came a3 a complete surprise to ;he German high command, the captured Reichsmarshal said. Declaring that he was satisfied that Adolf Hitler was dead, Goer ing claimed that Martin Bormann, deputy Nazi party leader^ named 3rand Admiral Karl Doenitz as Hitler’s successor and * added: “Hitler did not leave a thing in writing saying that Doenitz was to ake his place!” The man who for years had seen the No. 2 Nazi blamed all he dissension in the party on Bor nann. With a note of jealousy 3oering said that Bormann had •very chance to influence Hitler since “he was with him night and day.” Possible Meeting Of Big Three Seen SAN FRANCISCO, May 11—(U.R) —A Meeting of President Truman Prime Minister Churchill and Mar shal Stalin, possibly in London, was seen as increasingly likely at an early date by World Security con ferees tonight. The Big Three gathering was re garded as essential to dealing with a host of pressing post-war issues including several rising from se curity deliberations here. It was believed that arrange ments for the meeting already were in the preliminary stage but no date had yet been fixed nor any final decision made as to the place. Churchill was believed to .be the prime mover in attempting to ar range the consultation, but both Mr. Truman and, possibly to a lesser extent, Stalin were under stood to be eager for a face-to face threshing out of problems. It was thought likely that plans for the meeting will be crystallized within the next week or 10 days. Russian Foreign Commissar V. M. Molotov was expected to reach Moscow early next week to report to Stalin on the San Francisco meeting. Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden is leaving this week end for Lon don. He will pause briefly in Wash ington to consult with Mr. Tru man who has already had a fill-in on the Polish situation from W. Averell Harriman and Sir Archi bal’ Clark Kerr, the American and British ambassadors to Mos cow. Harriman and Clark Kerr expect to consult with Churchill in London and also, probably, with former Polish Premier Stanislaw Mikola jczyk before reaching Moscow. It was reported that Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., was considering a hasty trip back to Washington to consult with Pres ident Truman but there was no indication that he planned to ac company Eden on the British sec retary’s flight east. While a large proportion of the I if world’s top diplomatic personnel is tied up at the San Francisco con ference, this was not seen 'as a bar to Big Three discussions. If the Truman-Churchill-Stalin con ference should be held while San Francisco deliberations are contin uing, it was thought Stettinius might remain here to handle con ference discussions while other dip lomatic aides were called upon to accompany Mr. Truman. There was strong British pressure to hold the Big Three meeting in London or on some British site. None has yet been held on Brit ish soil and Churchill has traveled (Continued en Page Two; CoL *)

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