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FORECAST ♦ ^ 4r ^ y Serred By Leased Wires g===~| umtmjimt iflUmmuj ®tsx 'i^NO. 222- WILMINGTON, N. C., SATURDAY, JULY 28, ~~ ' ESTABLISHED 1«5 Yango City jn Hands Of Allied Army CHINESE TAKE TOWN Series Of Advances Writes * Off 60,000 Japa nese Troops By GEORGE WANG rnited Press War Correspondent CHUNGKING, July 27. - OJ.fi) r-hinese troops have captured Yanrsii and stormed into Kweilin, both former V. S. air base towns in Kwangsi Province, a communi que said today. In a series ot aavances wiucn virtually wrote off an estimated 60.000 Japanese troops, Generalis s;m0 Chiang Kai-shek’s onrushing columns also sliced enemy high way and rail escape routes North Cf Kweilin. The advance into the air base c;{y of Kweilin — largest in South east China — climaxed a four week drive from Lichow, another American air base city some 90 miles to the Southwest. Late re ports said Japanese shock troops were fighting fanatically to hold positions in the Western suburb of Kweilin which was entered last n;sht by Chinese vanguards. Other' Chinese units wiped out resistance in the walled city of Yangso, 45 miles south of Kweilin, after a bitter 48-hour f i g h t. Yangso. also an air base city, is the eighth former American base liberated by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek’s troops in recent weeks. Today’s communique said the Chi nese flag was hoisted over the an cient city Tuesday. With the liberation of Kweilin imminent, other forces battled to cut off the escape route of thou sands of Japanese to the North. Kangtan, Tu, seven miles directly North of Kweilin on the Hengyang highway, was seized. Its capture blocked the highway route North of Kweilin. The Kweilin-Hengyang railway already has been cut at a ... —1_ r’Lni.v.rt sien. Meanwhile, in Kiangsi Province, some 300 mile3 to the Northeast. Jananese trocps advanced about 24 miles Northward from captured Tniho to within eight miles of Chian (Kianl. Heavy casualties were inflicted on the enemy in a battle West of Wr.an, some 24 miles form Suichwan, a communi que s-id. Suichwan, a recently lib erated U. S. air base, is Southwest of Taiho. -V Bluet.ienthal Army Air Base will hold “open house” for the people of Wilmington, on August 1, the 38th anniversary of the Army Air Forces, it was announced by Col onel C. T. Edwinson, commander of the Base, yesterday. The date, designated by General of the Army H. H. Arnold, com manding general of the AAF, as Air Force Day, has been selected for the presentation at the field of a program designed to bring the realization of the tremendous con tribution of air power in the defeat of the Axis nations. Beginning at 1 p.m., the first planes will take off to start an aerial show over the field that will last until late in the afternoon. In addition, all types of Air Force equipment will be on display, in cluding many different types of aircraft. A number of experienced pilots will be on hand to answer questions of those who will vant to know what the various gadgets” are for. The program will last until ap proximately 4 p.m, which should Provide ample time for everyone o see what Bluethenthal is doing heip sink the ‘‘Rising Sun” of Japan. Tms base, under Major General ■ank O'D. Hunter’s First Air oice, ha.; been committed to the advanced training of P-47 ’Thunder Doit fighter pilots, who will go (Continued on Page Two; Col 5) WEATHER (Eastern Standard Time) (By U. S. Weather Bureau) AietecrGlogicai data for the 24 hour: 7:30 pm., yesterday. temperature i,0a.‘ E°: 7:30a- 81; l:30p. 83; 7:30p. 80 Kort-'m™ 86’ 7i); Mean 82 HUMIDITY 1:30a. 89; 7.30a. 85; l:30p. 77; 7-30p. 87 , PRECIPITATION •On°ir.ehfe°r 24 h°UrS Cnding 7:30 Pm‘_ U^^m.ches06 thC f‘rSt °f the month tides for today rrom the Tide Tables published by U oast and Geodedtc Survey). Wilmington _ 12:20p. 7:24' masonboro ln!et _ ,0:08a. 4;04< clm. 10:35p. 4:15j lC oin !$e,. 5:20, Sunset. 7:16; Moonris u,04p> Mconset 8:57a. Fire Heats Polly's *Salty* Vocabulary DENVER, July 27.—(P)—It was Polly, a crusty, 57-year-old parrot who was most annoy ed by the smoke that filled the pet shop during a fire next door. While canaries tweeted plaintively and puppies whined, Polly screamed: “What the hell! What the hell! What the hell! What the hell!” for about an hour. CONTROLOFRATS MAKING PROGRESS Lack Of Funds Seriously Handicapping Program Elliot Says Stating that the local rat control program had been under a serious handicap for lack of money, Dr. A. H. Elliott, head of the City County Health department, urged all persons delinquent on bills for rat-proofing of business establish ments to pay as soon as possible. Dr. Elliott explained that the work was carried on by a revolv ing fund and that this has been practicall> exhausted. Under the present arrangement, he said, an estimate of the expense for the work is made for the proprietor ot an establishment and the work done for him at that figure or more cheaply if possible. He is then billed for the work and the money used to carry on other rat-proofing. If bills are not paid within the time limits, Dr. Elliott said, the City-County Tax office would be requested to issue a lien against the property. E. W. Savage, in charge of the rat control program here, cited figures from a Treasury Depart ment bulletin on the rat to show the immense amount of damage caused by the rodents. Living off of man, they annually cost this nation for feeding alone, $250,000, 000, and, as the value of what they destroy is estimated to be 10 times what they eat, the staggering total for maintaining the normal rat population is estimated at $2, 500,000,000. Rats are also instrumental in taking human life through har boring parasites which transmit disease. Notable in this class is typhus fever, which infected rats transmit through fleas. The aver age of diseased of 249 rats exam ined in Wilmington was 83 per cent. During 1944 there were 52 cases of typhus fever here. According to eminent authorit ies, the bulletin stated, rats kill large numbers of domestic fowls, destroy valuable merchandise and even commit arson by gnawing insulation off of, wires and in walls and add to fire hazards by building nests of oily cotton waste or other inflammable materials. The rat control program in Wil mington has made good progress up until now, Dr. Elliott stated, with 232 business establishments rat-proofed at an average cost of $46.14 per establishment and the distribution of 3670 pounds of rat poison. Good results will be obtained from a continuation oi the program with the cooperation of merchants in providing the necessary funds, he concluded. Fritz Mandl Held By Uruguay Police At Montevideo Pori MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, July 27.— W —Acting Chief of Police Capt. Mattos, of C'olonia, said the former Austrian munitions million aire, Frederick (Fritz) Mandl, wa: arrested today upon his arrival by plane from Buenos Aires. Mandl fled from mounted police barracks at Buenos Aires earliei today under mysterious circum stances. A habeas corpus petition on his behalf was rejected yesterday by Argentine Federal Judge Horatic Fo, and the announcement of thii confirmation of reports, first hearc in Buenos Aires in April of hi: arrest by Argentine authorities. IjBevinNamed To Key Post In Cabinet NEW FOREIGN CHIEF Premier Attlee Submits Cabinet Names To King George At Palace By C. T. HALUNAN United Press Staff Correspondent LONDON, July 27.—(U.R)—Prime Minister Clement Atlee tonight formed the first labor government in British history to vrield the tre mendous power that goes with a majority in the House of Commons. He named Ernest Bevin, forceful labor union leader, to the key post of Foreign Secretary. In addition to the Prime Minis try, Attlee himself assumed the post of Minister of Defense, as had his predecessor Winston Churchill. Hugh Dalton, lawyer and econo mic expert, was named Chancellor of the Exchequer, corresponding to Secretary of the Treasury, and Sir Stafford Cripps, once banned from the party because of his extreme Left Wing views, was named Presi dent of the Board of Trade, cor responding to Secretary of Com merce. Herbert Morrison, another labor leader and a famous political tac tician, was named Lord President of the Council, and leader of the House of Commons. Anthony Eden was leader of the house under Churchill. After a long day of urgent con ferences with labor party leaders, Attlee submitted his list of minis ters to the King tonight and re ceived the royal approval. The King had waited at Buckingham Palace throughout the day and evening. Attlee's ministry, still incom plete, includes the top ranking Socialist leaders of Great Britain, some graduates of the tough labor union school, some of the party’s political branch. Tomorrow Attlee, accompanied by Bevin, will fly to Potsdam to resume the Big Three conference, interrupted when he and Churchill flew home to hear the results of the election which yesterday put Attlee in the leadership of 47,000, 000 Britons and sent Churchill crashing to defeat. The labor ministry as so far se lected is: Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister of Defense —Clement R. Attlee, 62, Deputy (Continued on Page Two; Col 2) STIMSON HINTS AT DIFFICULTIES FRANKFORT-ON - THE - MAIN, July 27.— (£) —Secretary of War Stimson hinted today that the Big Three powers were meeting diffi culties in reaching a unified policy on the administration of Germany. The Big Three were “working on discrepencies when I left Potsdam two days ago and they will prob ably still be working on them when I am back in the United States,” Stimson said in answer to a press conference question. Stimson declined to comment further on the Potsdam situation, saying he had been present at the invitation of President Truman as a “stand by.” The secretary, who has made a two-day swing through the Ameri can occupation zone, where he saw Gen. Cfeorge S. Patton, ex pressed satisfaction with the way the military government was working in that area After conferring briefly with Gen. Eisenhower, Stimson visited the headquarters of the American Control Commission in Hoesch, which already has started to move to a permanent site in Berlin. Stimson left immediately after the press conference, indicating he was returning directly to the Unit ed States. “Catapult Seat” Shot Fliers From Airplanes WASHINGTON, July 27 — (£).— The Germans in the closing months of the war iwrfected a “catapult seat” in whSah a pilot can be “exploded” out of a high speed plane when he needs to bail out. This development, enabling a pi lot to leave a plane travelling more than 500 mile.s an hour, was dis closed today Ly one of the Army Air Forces ctuef flight surgeons. ' He said this nation now has all the data on it and will make use of it in fast planes in the Pacific war. Col. W. Randolph Lovelace, chief tory at Wright Field said at. a . news conference that perfection of the Aero-Medical L a b o r a tunnel tests in which the Nazis learned that the human body could ■ withstand bailing out at speeds ; up to 535 miles an hour. 5 Explaining that it is extremely difficult to get out of a plane at 500 miles an hour without propul sion of some kind, Lovelace said the German-developed seat was actually “exploded” through the roof of jet-propelled fighters by a powder charge activated by pressing a button. Lovelace, who returned recent ly from Germany after an inspect ion of scientific developments there, said the Nazis had made use of the catapult seat for about a year in their jet-propelled craft, and that of 20 men who had drop ped to earth t 500 miles an hour, only two were killed. The Colonel said the Nazis had nothing to compare with our “G suit” which helps prevent pilots from “blacking out” when pulling out of dives and making sharp maneuvers at extremely high speeds. ENEMY VESSELS SUNK, DAMAGED HALSEY’S CARRIER PLANES; 370 JAP PLANES HIT IN RECORD ASSAULT ,____._ x - — " Complete Destruction Of Jap Navy At Hand Allies Sweep In Violent Support Of Surrender Ultimatum Against Diminishing Targets at Hunshu By WILLIAM F. TYEE United Press War Correspondent GUAM, Saturday, July 28.—(U.R)—Admiral William F. Halsey's American and British carrier planes, possibly 1,500 strong, smashed anew at Japan’s inland sea in another great dawn offensive today after sinking or damaging 308 enemy vessels and destroying or damaging 370 planes in a record two-day assault. JAPAN TO IGNORE WAR ULTIMATUM Domei News Agency States Cabinet Decides To ' Figbt On WASHINGTON, July 27.—(U.R) Japan will ignore the surrender ultimatum of the United States, Great Britain and China and fight to the bitter end. the Japanes® News Agency, Domei, said today in a broadcast from Tokyo. The news agency said it had “authoritatively learned” of the de cision following a meeting of the Japanese cabinet at the residence of Premier Kantaro Suzunki where Foreign Minister Shignori Togo in formed the government of the ul timatum. This broadcast contrasted sharp ly with a report from Chungking that a Japanese brigadier general had broadcast to his own people that “it is an open secret that Japanese troops in China are dis cussing peace overtures.’’ The Chungking military spokes man said another Japanese officer, Field Marshal Reisi Okamura, commander of the Japanese ex expeditionary force in South China, had spoken pessimistically of the “possibility of a Japanese with drawal from China.” Japan obviously was having trou ble orienting her propaganda in the face of the most intensive Allied propaganda campaign of the year Last night bombers of the 20th Airforce carried out a propaganda raid on the home islands in which (Continued on rage iwo; coi lj 1945 POLIO TOTAL SLOWLY REACHING TO 1944 PEAK FIGUREt WASHINGTON, July 27.— (ff) - There have been 2,048 cases of in fantile paralysis- reported to thi Public Health Service this yeas as compared to 2,320 in the cor responding part of 1844. “There’s no quetion that it’s epid ; emic again,” sadi the Service ii reporting the figures today. States reporting the largest num ber are Massachusetts, New York New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Vir ginia, South Carolina, Texas, Utal and California. A little more than half the cases reported from January 1 througi July 21 came in the final five weeks. There was a similar con centration in the corresponding period last year. The health service says infantile paralysis (polio) has no definite peak period, that it may be in Aug ust or September. Three hundred and sixty-nine cases were report ed in the week ending July 21 as compared with 254 in the preceding week. • Final and virtually compiet «e struction of Japan’s Navy appear* ed at hand as Allied airmen, join ing the 20th Air Force in violent support of the Potsdam surrender ultimatum, swept almost unmolest ed against a diminishing collection of targets ashore and offshore at Honshu Island. Halsey's fleet of battleships, ear* riers, cruisers and auxiliary ves sels emerged spectacularly from a four-day security blackout to open the new attack. Since July 20 the Third Fleet has sunk or damaged 725 Nippon ese combatant and merchant ves sels and destroyed or damaged 828 planes. The two-day smash against Kure, Kobe and other prime target areas along the Honshu coastline inflict ed unprecedented damage on Jap an’s merchant shipping fleet and virtually eliminated the Imperial Navy as a threat to future Allied invasion operations. JL'c&pilc lUUdVUidUic wcauivi Wednesday, U. S. and British air craft on Wednesday blasted 82 war ships and merchant ships. These were in addition to 161 destroyed or damaged Tuesday, including three battleships, six carriers and several cruisers and destroyers. During the two-day sweep by the largest force of carrier aircraft ever sent aloft—more than 1,000 a day—U. S. plane* destroyed 132 Japanese planes and damaged 148. British planes destroyed 158 and damaged 212. Today’s new carrier plane attack was the 11th major sea-borne aerial assault against Nippon’s battered homeland since Halsey and his carrier chief, Vice Admiral Jiwn S. McCain, began their devastating sweep July 10. The Japanese made on« half hearted attempt to counter-attack the fleet offshore. Two groups of torpedo planes and other aircraft appeared at dusk July 25, but were shot down by combat air patrols. A lengthy communique covering the July 25 strikes listed the fol lowing Japanese losses: | By U. S. carrier aircraft: Aircraft: Three shot down over water, 15 shot down over ground targets, 61 destroyed on the grou-d, and 68 damaged on the ground. Shipping: Destroyed, nine ves sels, including two medium freight ers, two small freighters, five lug gers. Damaged, 35 vessels includ | ing one destroyer, three medium 1 cargo vessels, three small cargo vessels, three oilers, 25 luggers and small craft. By British carrier aircraft: Aircraft—Three shot down over water, seven damaged aground. Shipping — destroyed, two small cargo vessels, eight tugs, jungs, luggers and small craft. Probably sunk, one small coastal cargo ves (Continued on Page Two; Col 1) -V HIGH COURT RULE FAVORS NEGROES TALLAHASS, Fla., July Vt.—m —The State Supreme Court ruled today that Negroes are entitled to vote in Florida Democratic pri mary elections. The unanimous decision was bas ed on a United States Supremo Court ruling under which Texas Democratic primaries were opened to Negroes. The high Court said a primary is ap integral part of sn election in which all citizens have a constitutional right to vote. Opinions by Justice Rivers Bu ford affirmed two companion Cir cuit Court rulings directing Regis tration Supervisor Ben L. Davis to register R. A. Cromwell and Essau Chavis as Democrats. The opinions dealt largely with the technical procedure of bringing the cases to court. Florida law permits the Demo cratic party to lay down member ship qualifications and for many years Negroes have been barred from the Democratic primaries, , Republican primaries are open to Negroes. Negroes always have been al lowed to vote in Florida general elections. 1* Jap Warships Smashed By Halsey’s Airmen Caught in the inland sea of Japan and hit by the Third Fleet's air offensive under Adm. Halsey, twenty enemy warships were reported disabled or su nk as the ruin of Japan’s navy seemed probable. Among the twenty were the two picturel above—the battleship Haruna (top) and the heavy cruiser Tone (bottom). The Haruna had survived Capt. Colin Kel ley’s hits off the Philippines, December 9, 1941. (International) George Moves Senate With Emotional Plea For Charter Ratification; Mead To Take Rail-Jam Quarrel To Truman Respectful Silence Hovers Over Chamber During Great Speech WASHINGTON, July 27.—(U.F) Sen. Walter F. George, D., Ga., who lost a son in the war, pleaded with his colleagues today to rati fy the World Security Charter so that “These honored dead shall not have died in vain.” In a voice choked with emotion, he urged acceptance of this “great opportunity” in behalf of a permanent world peace. Not in years have the chamber and public galleries sat so re spectfully silent. The Senate had heard a request that it speed up its speeches so that a ratifica tion vote can be taken by 5 p.m. tomorrow. A Republican, Wayne Morse of Oregon had warned that any at tempt to limit debate would only delay a final vote. There had been lots of speechmaking when George, obviously under any emotioanl strain, stood up. He wanted, he said, to pay tri bute to two international organs set up under the United Nations Charter which had been neglected in debate. The new International Court of Justice “will become a great force for world betterment,” he said. The General Assembly is "the common meeting ground of the nations which shall support this world organization.’’ Demo (Continued on Page Two; Col 3) —-V AUSTRALIAN TROOPS STEADILY REDUCING JAP BORNEO FORCES MANILA, Saturday, July 28.— (^—Australian Seventh and Ninth Division combat patrols are con tinuing the steady reduction of Jap anese forces in Borneo’s interior hills, General MacArthur announc ed today. The only actual exchange of gun fire reported at this headquarters, however, was a small skirmish Southeast of Beaufort, on the North coast, where the Ninth Division is operating. In retaliation for the enemy’s two-hour air raid Tuesday on the Southeast Borneo oil port of Balik papan, Australian and U. S. 13th Air Force bombers on Wednesday blasted the runways of the Oelin and Tabanio fields near Bandjer masin. Enemy vehicles were de stroyed in the Balikpapan sector by continued ground-support raids. Sixty-two Lightnings, Mitchells and Liberators also attacked Jes elton on the North coast and the Kuching and Pontinak fields in Western Borneo. Ten Liberators again struck six often-bombed enemy airfields across Makassar Straits in the Celebes. Slap-Happy People Slap Mosquitos Away MIAMI, Fla., July 27.—(£>)— slap happy Miamians, pestered by the worst mosquito plague in years, chuckled today over this solution to the problem: “They say the (slap) mos quito plague is (slap) about over,” reported the Daily News, “The fresh East (slap) winds are rising. They have blown (slap) most of the Mos (slap) quotes hack into the Ever (slap) glades. In fact (slap) we are inclined (slap) to be lieve the mosquitoes (slapi were all a matter of imagi (slap) nation any (slap) way. “All we need to do (slap) is close our eyes and re (slap) peat one hundred times: There I (slap) S no such animal as a mosquit (slapi O. Use psy (slap) chology on ’em. That’s the only (slap, slap, slap) way.” BREEZE PROVIDES MOSQUITO RELIEF Residents of local areas, parti cularly the beaches, were afforded temporary relief from mosquito in festation yesterday, by strong southerly breezes which whipped the pests inland. As one beach res'dent explained it, “Now they have to bite you on the fly, in stead of settling down to a long meal.” Meanwhile, Dr. A. H. Elliott, City-County Health officer, report ed numerous complaints, the most vehement being from resort resi dents. Reports from other parts of the eastern seaboard indicate that the situation is more or less gen eral. One authority expressed the be lief that oil rationing, which pre vented the free use of petroleum products spraying of known breed ing grounds, had contributed to the increase of the pests. Excellent control of malaria mosquitoes is exercised in the county, but as yet, no such thorough program is under way to eliminate the pest mosquitoes. However, Dr. Elliott promised his recommendation for such a pro gram when possible. In the meantime, and as a par tial solution, Dr. Elliott suggest ed that all citizens try to take care of pest breeding on their own premises. —-y-—. TROOPS TO ARRIVE NEW YORK, July 27.—(JV-More than 3,700 U. S. troops are sched uled to arrive at the New York Port of Embarkation from Europe tomorrow aboard five ships. New York Senator Miffed At Attitude Of Army Officers WASHINGTON, July 27 — (U.R) The Senate War Investigating committee threatened today to take the national railroad conges tion problem to President Turman after Army officials testified that redeployment schedules are nc concern of the ODT or any othex civilian agency. At the same time, Maj. Gen, John M Franklin, acting chief o: Army transportation, told the com mittee that the time-table for Ja pan’s defeat has been moved up a: result of current U. S. victories He said this will mean that mori men will go directly to the Pacifii from Europe, but he added that th< 2.700,000 originally schoduled fo: furloughs in this country still wil get them Army officials were called to tes tify after ODT Director J. Monroe Johnson angrily charged that h< had been kept completely in th( dark on redeployment movement! and that the current railroad jarr had resulted. The Army has been cool to the committee’s investigation. At firsl it declined to other witnesses, al though it said it would welcome the chance to send them if the committee asked for them. Acting secretary of War P. Patterson orig inally was scheduled to test'fy. but his appearance was cancelled Appraised of the Army’s attitude tt>dav, Johnson said. “The Army’s testimony and the committee’s observations make, un necessary any further comment from me.’’ Chairman J. A. Krug of the Wai (.Continued on Page Four; Col. 4 Hundreds Of U. S. Pilots Murdered By Civilians By ROBERT MUSEL United Press Staff Correspondent DARMSTADT, Germany, July 27. —(U.R)—Hundreds of American avi ators forced down or shot down during the battle of Germany were murdered by German civilians, the United Press learned reliably to day as the defense opened in the trial of 11 Germans accused of lynching six Yank fliers. Among the documents in the hands of American investigators assigned to war crimes is a Nazi order to local German police au thorities to take no action against civilians who killed enemy avia tor's. One investigator said his unit was uncovering new atrocities al most daily. He said it probably would be years before the trials for crimes against aviators alone were completed. The 11 Germans now on trial are accused of lynching six Air Force men in Russelsheim last Au gust. The defense called 12 witnesses today, mostly character, but failed to shake the prosecution’s charge that the defendants were leading figures of a mob which stoned, beat and shot members of a B-24 Liberator bomber crew being marched to a prison camp after they were shot down. One witness, Philippine Gengen bach. called in behalf of the two women defendants, Margarete Witzler and Kathe Reinhardt, ad mitted under cross examination that she saw Philipp Joseph Hart gen beating the fliers.
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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July 28, 1945, edition 1
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