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I New York, Pittsburgh KJMMftHffffdirfo Union Rejects Crippled by Strikes Mtf|iMaM33ia GM I8.5-Cent Otter I CRIPPLED BY STRIKE OF TUGBOAT MEN New York City underwent more stringent restrictions then ever were imposed in wartime. A one-day ban on all normal business was lifted when government-operated tugs began to haul fuel barges. Schools, however, remained closed. STALIN'S NEW FIVE-YEAR plan would place Soviet Russia on a par with U. S. in production. Kj 11441 Mf fJkJ* Md MU #>11IJJ IMtffilllilil FAMED NEW YORK SKYLINE is backdrop for Queen Mary bringing home 1,719 British brides and 615 bab;ss of Amer ican servicemen. Eleven Army tugs eased liner into berth FOOD IS THE PEACETIME LIFELINE from America to European Allies and liberated nations. Kansas City meat packers are shown "telescoping" mutton to conserve vital shipping space. lUNO: A Site for Sore Eyes THE United Nations Organiza tion, like the home-seeking GI, is having its troubles. Influenced by a storm of pro test from Stamford-Greenwich Westchester residents, the UNO headquarters committee modified the original 42-square-mile proposal to include any site (larger or smaller) within the counties of Westchester (NY) and Fairfield (Conn). A planning commission was ordered to make an exhaustive study of the two counties immediately and pre pare recommendations for an exact location for the permanent world capital at the next meeting of the General Assembly in the United States on September 3. Under the new program it may be possible to avoid built-up areas and the necessity of displacing many resi ! dents. The commission was instructed :n draw up plans for sites of 2, 5, 10, 2:) and 40 square miles, with estimates on the cost of each tract. Heated Debate But even in committee there was lengthy and heated debates on this compromise. It was carried finally by a vote of 22-17. There was a possi bility that the fight might be carried to the floor of the . hssembly since a two-thirds vote of the full body is re quired for final approval. Another round in the site battle oc curred when Australia renewed its demand to put the UNO headquarters in San Francisco, pending the estab lishment of a permanent home. Delegates from Iraq and Saudi Arabia attacked selection of New York City as an interim site. The ; Arabian delegate indirectly raised the ■ Jewish-Arab issue in regard to New York by saying: “The area recom mended has political groups and po litical influence. Let us go where we will find impartiality in political and social atmosphere.” Pedro Lopez, Philippines delegate, feared that Greenwich opposition would mean diplomats would be greeted with pickets and signs read ing “We don’t want the UNO.” Resi dents of that area had the right to object, he pointed out, adding: “What ever their reason, self-respect de mands we go somewhere else.” Science Mechanical Einstein The government unveiled some of its secret wartime developments which herald a much swifter and better world for tomorrow. • War Department has displayed Eniac,'1 the world’s fastest calculat ing machine, reputedly 1,000 times faster than any other computer. Eniac, snort for Electronic Numerical Inte grator and Computer, is nicknamed the Mechanical Einstein.” The first model cost $400,000 and it can add-, subtract, multiply, divide and com sQuare roots. Eniac weighs 30 tons, occupies a room 30 by 50 feet and has 18,000 'acuum tubes for its electronic cir cuits. It was developed to speed solv it8 intricate ballistics problems at e Aberdeen Proving Ground. Other Quels for civilian industrial use are Planned. ® Bureau of Standards revealed a Miet process by which miniature -aaio and radar sets can be construct by printing the circuits in silver hd carbon “inks” on a tiny sliver of ceramic plate. jh ^ skeleton set capable of conceal - t in one’s palm incorporates the mature tubes developed for the se a P'oximity fuse which detonated American shells. National Advisory Committee for Shm°irautics predicts that mail planes 8 over short distances may reach speeds of 1,000 miles per hour I, , the next three years. At airpf!)67 Field’ Va” laboratory models of a^e undei'going tests at speeds ore than that and making use of stren^KalTinum alloy double the £Ss°' ,h“ used S’2’ Super ,,|0bts Reserved, AP Newsfeatures) Red Hats Rome on Seven Hills Traveling the roads to Rome, 32 cardinals-designate gathered this week for the consistory at which they will receive red hats from Pope Pius XII and be elevated to the sacred College of Cardinals. Five cardinals-designate, four from ARCHBISHOP Spellman and Bishop Tien before the takeoff from LaGuardia Airport. Their plane appropriately was named "Star of Rome." the United States and one from China, flew by transatlantic plane. TOey were Bishop Thomas Tien of China, Arch bishops Francis J. Spellman of New York, John J. Glennon of St. Louis, Samuel A. Stritch of Chicago and Ed ward J. Mooney of Detroit. In Short... Resigned: Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes, holdover from the F.D.R. cabinet. Won: Southern senators, their fili buster against the Fair Employment Practices Commission bill. Bared: Secret agreement between President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Premier Stalin at Yalta, granting Russia return of Kuriles and southern Sakhalin if she entered war against Japan. Upheld: By War Department, Gen. Mark Clark’s military judgment in or dering costly Rapido River crossing in Italy as screen for Anzio landing. Accepted: By New York City’s for mer police commissioner, Lewis J. Valentine, offer of Gen. MacArthur to reorganize Japan’s civilian police force. Quotes Sen. Glen H. Taylor (D-Idaho), quoting President Abraham Lin coln’s annual message to Con gress, December 3, 1861: “Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor and could never have existed if labor had not first ex isted. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much the higher consideration.” Charles E. Wilson, General Motors president: “We don’t think assumed ability to pay without going bankrupt is any reason for paying excessive wages.” War Trials Honorable Japanese Exit Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma bowed low before the five-man military com mission in Manila. He was extremely thankful, the general said, for the courteous way he had been treated. Then stolidly, he stepped back to hear his sentence. It came as no surprise. Bald, bespectacled Maj. Gen. Lee Donovan, tribunal president, an nounced that “upon secret written ballot with two-thirds or more of the members concurring, the commission sentences you to be shot to death with musketry.” Homma was convicted of war atroc ities, including the infamous Bataan Death March, which cost the lives of 67,000 American and Filipino pris oners of war. He was charged also with bombing of Manila after Gen. MacArthur had declared it an open city. Homma’s trial followed that of Lt. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita, awaiting a disgraceful non-military death upon the gallows. It was Yamashita who succeeded Homma as Japanese Philip pines commander. Homma’s death sentence, in con trast, presumably was to be that of a military man. The verdict decreed execution by gunfire, rather than hanging. Yugoslav Toll Meanwhile at Nuernberg, Russian prosecutors charged that Axis inva sion and occupation of Yugoslavia brought death to 1,650,000—more than 10 percent of the subject population. Russia submitted an order by Adolf Hitler, written 10 days before the 1941 attack, which specified that "Bel grade must be annihilated by continu ous day and night air attacks.” Dated Monday, February 18 Consistory, Sacred College of Cardinals, Rome. Friday, February 22 Washington’s Birthday. Saturday, February 23 Red Army Day (28th anniver sary). Sunday, February 24 Brazil Constitution Day. Argentine elections. Food Rationed Breadbasket The United States, arsenal of the democracies in time of war, tightened its belt this week to become the bread basket for war-ravaged Europe until its Allies and the liberated countries could get back on their feet. President Truman outlined a nine point national food relief program, including larger exports of wheat, fats, oils and dairy products. For Americans it will mean that customary white bread will be re placed by a “cream-colored” loaf. It will mean also less grain for whisky and beer, less grain for fattening cat tle. Meat rationing may return. In Europe, suffering and misery en velop victor and vanquished alike in this first postwar winter. Over most of the continent there is illness, the death rate has climbed slightly but not yet in any of the countries have last fall’s dire predictions of epidemic, fostered by cold and starvation, fully materialized. But winter is not yet over and the threat still is there. During the next few months, 140, 000,000 people will have to live on an average daily diet of 2,000 calories, according to the Emergency Economic Committee for Europe, and 100,000, 000 will receive an average of 1,500 calories or less per day. Health Minimum Is 2,000 About 2,000 calories a day is con sidered the health minimum and 1,600 calories the famine level. The Ameri can average is 3.300. Countries which appear most miser able are Austria, where the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad ministration will not begin function ing until March 1; Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland. Countries faring best include the wartime neutrals—Spain, Portugal and Sweden—and Belgium, Denmark and Britain, although Britain’s auster ity rationing (2,500 calories) is lower than at any time during the war. In Poland there was no widespread malnutrition, said the UNRRA, but urgent need for housing, clothing and fuel. Poles were getting a rationed diet of 1,500 calories a day supple mented by a free (not a black) mar ket. Shipments of livestock and seed grains promise better conditions after the next harvest. RUSSIA: A Study in 5- Year Plans COAL CZAIMST RUSSIA 29,000,000 FIRST 5-YEAR PLAN . AAA _ .. AAA 1928-32 6,160,000 5,890,000 64,000,000 SECOND^5-YEAR PLAN *16,000,000 *17,000,000 *152,500,000 THIRD 5-YEAR PLAN ,0 ... „„ , ., „. „„„ 15,000,000 18,300,000 166,000,000 NATION: Paralyzed Cities THE wave of industrial strife, rising steadily since the war, reached a climax this week. It was a crisis unprecedented in the nation’s history. By midweek, whole cities lay helpless. Emergency measures, more drastic than any in wartime, were imposed. New York City, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh—with nearly a tenth of America’s population—were paralyzed for one and two-day pe riods. Disputes between employers <s>-<s> and a few thousand workers in vital transport and power industries had reached the stage where they ham strung millions. In New York a tug strike had cut off 80 percent of its fuel and 50 per cent of its food supply. In Pittsburgh, a 14-hour strike by workers at the Duquesne Light Com pany halted all normal electric ser vice, stalled transit and left the city without heat for schools and office buildings. Current was provided for homes and hospitals under an emer gency hookup which would have broken down automatically if an over load developed. Unprecedented Ban In New York on Lincoln’s Birthday, Mayor O’Dwyer closed all industries, stores and offices, except those in food, health and communications lines. Theaters were shuttered and so were libraries, bars, night clubs and all places of public assembly. That night the ban on normal busi ness was lifted as the fuel crisis eased but schools remained closed. The gov ernment, which seized the tug com panies a week ago, allocated 16 tugs for city service through the Office of Defense Transportation. Because of its island location, the world’s biggest metropolis is fed and supplied primarily through barge transport from freight and storage terminals of the nation’s railways in New Jersey. The mayor said his first drastic proclamation was made when he learned the city had less than one day’s normal fuel supply. In Philadelphia, a two-day strike by bus, trolley and subway workers stranded more than 3,000,000 riders. The only travel was by shank’s mare or private car. Meanwhile the President’s economic high command sweated away on a final draft of a new wage-price for mula which the government hoped would restore peace in steel, automo bile, electric appliance and other strike-torn industries. Most of America’s major strikes were called in support of wage in crease demands. They include: STEEL—750,000 men out, average daily base pay $8.69. Union cut origi nal demand of 25-cent hourly increase to 18V2 cents recommended by Presi dent Truman; companies offered 15 cents. ELECTRIC APPLIANCES—175,000 men out at General Electric and West inghouse; average weekly wage $35; asked 25-cent hourly increase later scaled to 15 cents. Earlier 25,000 at General Motors electrical division ac cepted 18 !£-cent hourly increase. AUTOMOTIVE—180,000 men out at General Motors, average hourly base pay $1.13. Union originally asked 30 percent increase, later accepted Fact Finding Panel offer of 19 Vz cents an hour raise. GM offered 18V2 cents. MEAT—250,000 men at work in packinghouses, average hourly pay 95 cents. ^Unions sought 25-cent raise; Fact-Finding Board recommended 16. Industry operating under government seizure. i|iuMvn.c,rt jubthh oi AljliN on the eve of election, which au tomatically continued him and his Communist Party in power, re vealed a fourth new Five-Year Plan for the Soviet Union since 1928 and one which, if successfully concluded by 1950, would place Russia on a par industrially with the United States of 1944. Speaking with characteristic blunt ness, Stalin charged that present world capitalistic economy sets the stage for war and said Russia’s new industrial goals were designed as a “guaranty against any eVentuality.” He predicted, too, that Soviet sci entists could “not only catch up with but surpass those abroad.” Red Army Routed Foe Stalin credited the U.S. and Britain, as he always has, for aid in winning the war but he gave the major credit for victory to his own Soviet Union. The Red Army, once, scoffed at by foreign critics as pooiTy equipped and led, routed completely the armies of the enemy. “This is recognized,” he boasted, “by everybody—friend and foe.” Back of the army, Stalin pointed out, were the industrial resources of the Soviet Union, developed by three Five-Year Plans, the third inter rupted by war itself. Dramatically, Stalin compared production of Czarist Russia on the eve of World War I with that of the Communist State on the eve of the second great war. Comparing the year 1940 with 1913, he said Russia produced “almost four times as much pig iron, four and one haif times as much steel, five and one half times as much coal, three and one-half times as much oil and three and one-half times as much cotton.” iiiuuauidi ACVUlUllon This expansion, said Stalin, repre sented a “leap from an agrarian coun try into an industrial one.” These material resources, he claimed, gave Russia in World War II “the mini mum supplies necessary for satisfy ing, in the main, all (war) require ments.” Nevertheless in his hour - long speech, interrupted 27 times by thunderous applause, Stalin appeared to return towards the militant poli cies of prewar Bolshevism. It was a blow to those who hoped Russia might, continue its close war time cooperation with the western democracies when Stalin said that this war, like the last, was the “inev itable result of development of world economic and political forces on the basis of monopoly capitalism.” These forces, he insisted, breed crises and inevitably war. Agreements and peaceful decisions might solve these problems, Stalin said but added “this is impossible under present conditions of capitalis tic development of world economy.” Where Russia will stand in 1950 on completion of her fourth Five-Year Plan is a matter for history to re cord. Stalin is a leader who has made history before. Seme critics say he seems determined that the Soviet Union eventually shall stand on top of the world—and stand alone. This & That Around the World Away • In Frankfurt, an American Army poll disclosed that German civilians object to indictment at Nuernberg of organizations such as Storm Troopers and feel that not all Nazis on trial should be convicted: notably Rudolf Hess. • In Alma, Ga., Mrs. John T. Lee, 26, has given birth to six children in the past nine months. On May 17, 1945, she had quadruplets. Born pre maturely, they died. This week, she bore twins. She and her husband have six other children. • In Los Angeles, police riot squads were called to a downtown depart ment store where several hundred teen-age boys and girls overturned counters and tables trying to reach a sale of blue jean pants. POLITICS, AN ALL-AMERICAN GAME v w \v -• in Alexander, Philadelphia Bulletin STRANGE INTERLUDE * Pratt, Saeramtnto Bit HOLD THAT LINE
Wilmington Morning Star (Wilmington, N.C.)
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Feb. 17, 1946, edition 1
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