Tie Sunday Star-News
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ol March ». 1879._
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(SUNDAY, APRIL 27, 1947)
Star-News Program
State ports with Wilmington favored
in proportion with its resources, to in
clude public terminals, tobacco storage
warehouses, ship repair facilities, near
by sites for heavy tndustry and 35-foot
Cape Fear river channel.
City auditorium large enough to meet
needs for years to come.
Development of Southeastern North
Carolina agricultural and industrial re
sources through better markets and food
processing, pulp wood production and
factories.
Emphasis on the region’s recreation
advantages and improvement of resort
accommodations.
Improvement of Southeastern North
Carolina’s farm-to-market and primary
roads, with a paved highway from Top
sail inlet to Bald Head island.
Continued effort through the City’s In
dustrial Agency to attract more in
dustries.
Proper utilization or fcSluetneninai air
port for expanding air service.
T.)e\elopment of Southeastern North
Carolina’s health facilities, especially in
counties lacking hospitals, and includ
ing a Negro Health center
Encouragement of the growth of com
mercial fishing.
Consolidation of City and County
governments.
GOOD MORNING
He that hath no rule over his own spirit
lg like a city that is ' rcken down, and
without walls.—Proverbs 25.28.
* * *
Man who man would be must rule the
•mplre of himself—Shelley.
“Maginot Line” Attitude
Are too many Americans letting theii
confidence and admiration of science,
certainly through no desire or fault
of its own, lull them into a “Maginot
line” attitude toward the problems oi
national defense?
Secretary of War Patterson, writing
in the current issue of the Saturday
Evening Post, indicates fear of such a
situation.
“Perhaps the most popular and cer
tainly the most misinformed argumenl
against (the universal military training
plan) is that war, in this atomic age
will be decided by a few technician:
pushing buttons. This is strictly £
vision of the cocktail-party scientist
You will find no such opinion among
the top scientists and military men who
developed the atomic bomb.”
Few ideas are more dangerous thar
the one that the atomic bomb, the bes'
example of our scientific headstart ii
war weapons, will keep this country
safe from the remainder of the world
It will not.
But a real national defense program
based on a sound Regular army, in a
tional Guard, Reserve and universa
military training, will. Unless th<
American people see that it is effected
their country will eventually becomi
a bright attraction to a stronger on<
writh dreams of world domination.
If, on the other hand, the Unite<
States maintains a respectable military
strength, chances of attack are slight
Peace lies in our fighting might
actual and potential.
Those contending we are safe be
hind the works of science and then
Letter To The Editor
Can U. S. Gamble Again On Old Plan For Germany?
To the Editor:
In dealing with Germany, the
United States cannot afford to in
dulge in wishful thinking. To pre
tend that Germany is flat on her
back and will remain so, is to
gamble with our future security.
Yet Mr. Herbert Hoover, in his
recent reports, intimates hat Ger
many is no longer a menance to
our freedom and peace. As a mat
ter of fact, he goes much further
than that and states that the pres
ervation ot Germany's -heavy in
dustrial potential is the prerequi
site for the recovery of Europe.
But history shows that Ger
many's industrial potential has
produced the very opposite effect.
Instead of increasing European
prosperity. Germany’s industrial
concentration has been used since
Bismarck as an instrument of po
litical. economic and military ag
gression. It has stunted the indus
trialization of some European na
tions and has committed others to
serve as raw-material reservoirs
or dumping grounds for Ger
many’s notorious marketing prac
tices.
We should not forget that the
United States as well,' was a vic
tim of the ruthless and dishonest
trading practices of Germany. We,
too, were forced to make enor
mous sacrifices both in lives and
in money to fight off tne German
octopus. As a matter of fact Mr.
Hoover recognized the German
danger way back in 1918, when he
helped write an introduction to a
book entitled “The Future of Ger
man Industrial Exports.’’ This is
what he said in 1918:
“Let the manufacturing, the
banking interests and the laboring
and professional classes of al] na
tions be warned in time to devise
antidotes and counter attacks to
tht Machiavellian devices of a
class gone mad with lust of con
quest, deliberately plotting to fat
ten itself upon the life blood of
other peoples even after the war.
Let us consider in making peace
what protection we can give to
the commercial existence of the
freed nations. .
One year later, Mr. Hoover
changed his tune and worked for
all-out American aid for the revi
val of Germany’s industrial pow
er. According to Mr. Hoover, this
was necessary and “a good bar
gain because it saves the United
States enormous expenditures in
Europe. . .”
In his recent reports to the
President, Mr. Hoover voices the
same concern for the American
taxpayer although he discreetly
passes over the fact that the gov
ernment has already begun to re
build Germany to the tune of one
billion dollars in the next three
years. Ol course, this is only a
starter and Mr. Hoover does not
bother to estimate the final costs
oi his “bargain.” It is safe to say,
however, that once we have com
mitted ourselves to the rebuilding
of Germany, we may have to un
derwrite the complete program.
This is a blank check bearing no
date for repayment and containing
no obligations on the part of the
recipient.
Mr. Hoover’s magnanimous ges
tures to our former enemies are
already showing results. This can
be seen in the deliberate sabotage
which is being conducted by the
Germans in obstructing the pro
duction and distribution of food.
General Clay, head of AMG,
Minced no words when he said on
April 14, 1947, that the Germans
had mishandled the food crisis
and that cooperation among the
Germans to increase the food sup
(Continued on Page Eight)
Liquidating The Taxpayer, Too
Excessive public waste is disgust
ing but people become hardened to it
in war.
They tolerantely ignore wanton ex
travagance because they understand
their country is fighting for its life and
it is no time to question dollars rushing
off tc help achieve victory.
With restoration of peace, however,
most return to a normal attitude to
ward economy and rightfully expect
those handling public funds to do like
wise. But apparently there are some
officials who are either incompetent or,
as far as money is concerned, as wildly
wasteful as if we were still in a great
emergency.
It is not necessary to go beyond
Wilmington to see results of this woe
ful lack of judgment or sympathy in
digging into the public pocketbobk.
Sometime ago the U. S. Maritime
commission established a reserve fleet
lay-up basin here. Ships entering it
are stripped of most of their removable
appurtenances, such as instruments,
linens, tableware, china, stores and other
articles. It is best that these materials
not be stored with the vessels and,
shortly after their removal, are sold
as surplus property. The financial re
turn on these goods averages about 10
per cent of the original cost. Later,
within a few days to weeks, many of
these ships so stripped are withdrawn
from the reserve fleet for sale, charter
or general agency operations.
When removed from the reservoir,
they are reequipped with the same type
property recently taken from them and
this must, in great part, be purchased
on the open market at- regular prices.
Often, while this is going on, fully or
partially equipped vessels are coming
up the Cape Fear river to be processed
and placed in the basin.
This practice, also involving consid
erable labor and transportation costs,
simply transcends all bounds of com
mon sense.
What is it costing the taxpayers?
Early last week, a member of the
House Merchant Marine and Fisheries
committee, accompanied by counsel and
an investigator, visited the Maritime
commission’s office in Norfolk. They
spent the day discussing operations
there similar to those carried out here.
And the member, Rep. John C. Brophy
(R-Wis.), has reported to his chair
man that “we found one situation in
volving large and unnecessary costs to
the government which I feel must be
corrected immediately.”
Rep. Brophy went on to report that
“we have the names of ten ships on
is no need of the manpower reserve
universal training would provide want
this nation to run the risk of another
war. They are apparently anxious for
it to court a fate that befell France
in its blind belief In the Maginot line
as security against a possible enemy.
What’s The Pitch?
We were astonished and a little
, disappointed at the lack of attention
■ the experts paid to the political symbol
i ism of President Truman’s performance
at the opening of the baseball season
; in Washington.
Last year, when he and the left (or
i Wallace) wing of the Democratic Party
■ were much closer buddies than they
, are today, the President tossed out the
first ball with his left hand. This year
, he launched the season with a high,
hard, right-hand heave. Then, as if in
I a gesture of compromise, he took an
i other ball and threw it from the port
, side. This left-hand throw, it was re
: ported, was neither as fast nor as ac
: curate.
We were certain that the deep-doom
I ed political prophets would go to town
' with all sorts of interpretations of that
. highly significant pitching perfor
, mance. That’s why, being modest and
a little awed by crystalgazing commen
■ tators, we waited until now before
: mentioning it.
which this (stripping, storage, removal
and refitting) has been done which re
quired open market purchases of ap
proximately $20,000 per vessel, or a
total of $200,000 for the ten ships. In
other words, the Maritime commission
is selling as surplus the same type of
property which it is required to buy
back shortly thereafter on the open
market.”
On the basis of his report and pre
suming that the .same procedures are
being followed at all the commission’s
anchorages, one is able to get an idea
of how much money is being wasted
here.
Friday’s Shipping News listed six
“lay-up ships” being “refitted for duty”
in this port. Therefore, applying Rep.
Brophy’s Norfolk findings, $120,000 is
being thrown away today. And this
is just one of nine reserve fleet sanc
tuaries.
Hew is this extravagance nationally ?
A press release arrived yesterday
from the commission’s office in Wash
ington. It said “the sale and chartering
of government-owner merchant ships
has lowered the total of vessels in re
serve fleet anchorages to the lowest
point since last June, when 1,262 were
immobilized. During the month ending
April 15 . . . 116 (ships) were with
drawn, leaving a total of 1,336, com
pared with the record high of 1,742
last December.”
So, using the $20,000 estimate for
re-fitting each ship, the government
wasted $2,320,000 in 30 days.
To a layman, it may appear that a
pitiful lack of coordination between
the various branches of the commis
sion is responsible for this.
But there is one man Vice Ad
miral W. W. Smith, chairman of the
commission—who may be able to give
a reason for this costly business.
Congress owes it to the people to
summon him and others, if necessary,
into public hearing and formally dis
close more about this ridiculous squan
der. Perhaps other matters will develop
in which questioning will be advisable.
The war-time Maritime commission
was a builder and turned out a “bridge
of ships” with a speed that surprised
the whole world, especially the enemy.
The present commission is considered
primarily a liquidator but the estimated
waste of $2,320,000 in handling 116
ships in one month would indicate it
will be well on its way to liquidating the
American taxpayer before its job of
returning the Merchant fleet to normal
is completed.
A Gift To Be Watched
John L. Lewis’ United Mine Work
ers have made a bid for the independent
National Federation of Telephone
Workers union in the form of a $100,
000 check payable at the “convenience”
of the organization.
It has been accepted and may be tne
step leading to the taking over of the
NFTW by the AFL, through Mr. Lewis.
This situation is based on the same
principle Mr. Lewis often used while
in the CIO. There one craft, entirely
different from another, would share its
war chest with another union. Many
a UMW dollar helped finance some
of the larger automobile walkouts. And,
of. course, there were always definite
obligations when the money was passed.
The important question, however, is
whether the country’s telephone work
ers want to come under the dominance
of Mr. Lewis. Many are suffering
financially through the current strike,
the biggest they’ve ever attempted.
Suppose they were called upon to walk
out as frequently as Mr. Lewis orders
his miners? That’s something for them
to consider and, for their own benefit,
pass their conclusions to the higher-ups
who grabbed up Mr. Lewis’ “gift.”
A boost from anybody always sounds
much better than a boast.
f A VOICE CRYING IN THE WILDERNESS_
The Gallup Poll
Fear Of Another Big War Continues
To Climb Throughout United States
'T
Seventy-Three Per Cent Be
lieve Conflict Likely
Within 25 Years
By GEORGE GALLUP
Director, American Institute
of Public Opinion
PRINCETON, N. J., April
26.—Fear of war is rising
throughout the United States.
More than seven in every
ten voters polled by the In
stitute say they think another
war is likely within 25 years.
Five out of every ten think it
may come within ten years.
This nervous attitude about
present world conditions, with no
peace settlement among the ma
jor powers, underlines many other
basic American attitudes on cur
rent issues. It explains, for exam
ple, the large public vote which
polls have found in favor of peace
time military training. It explains
the c o u n t r y’s catutious
attitude toward reducing the army
navy budget. It is closely related
to the public’s dissatisfaction with
the progress of the United Nations
organization to date, as reported
last week.
The fear of war is shown in
the following poll results, includ
ing a trend over the past two
years.
Do you think the United States
will find itself in another war
within, say, the next 25 years?”
No
Yes No opin.
Mars., ’45 _38% 45% 17%
Mar., ‘46 _69 19 12
Aug., ’46 _65 16 19
TODAY _73 18 9
The latest poll also asked a
seperate but comparable cross
section: ‘‘Do you think the
United States will find itself in
another war wuthin, say, the next
TEN yeart?”
The vote was yes 50 per cent,
no 38 per cent, no opinion 12
per cent.
IF SUCH widespread fear of
war exists then why, some ob
servers ask. do the people want to
folow a “tough” policy with Rus
sia? Won’t the current fears
sooner or later make the Ameri
can people want to soften their
tone toward the Soviet?
The chief reason for the cur
rent attitude toward Russia ap
pears to be that the American
people remember with distaste the
bad experience they had with ap
peasement in the 1930.'.
Appeasement of Hitler, Musso
lini and Hirohito dij not prevent
war. The feeling is very wide
spread today that an opposite
policy is no more likely to lead
to war than appeasement. The
current mood or temper of the
people is summarized in o n e
statement from a voter polled
four weeks ago by the Institute.
He said:
“If we let Russia get away with
her aggressive policy she’ll start
reaching out for more and more,
and then we’re bound to have a
war on our hands. Dictators
never know when to stop if you
appease them.”
When General George Mar
shall took office as Secretary of
State, an Institute poll found the
weight of opinion throughout the
country in favor of a firmer
policy' toward Russia than that
followed by his predecessor,
James F. Barnes.
Today’s polling finds a high uni
formity of attitude among all
groups in the population. Veter
ans, young, middle - aged and
older voters, Democrats, Republi
cans, men, women — all think
another war is likely within 25
years.
Religion plays an important role
in the lives of Lelandites, and no
less than five churches serve the
ommunity. They are the Holi
■ess, the Presbyter’an. Zion Meth
odist, Elah Baptist, and the Ee
lam First Baptist church. ,
Around Capitol Square
‘We, The People’ Deals
With Costs Of Schools
By LYNN NISBET
Wilmington Star-News
Raleigh Bureau
RALEIGH. April 26. — The cur
rent issue of “We, the People”
magazi- has its feature story
about the cost of the public school
system for the year 1945-46. The
tables and graphs presented and
the explanation of them disprove
several common beliefs about the
schools of the state. In the first
place, while the state carries ma
jor part of the load it is not true
that the “state entirely supports
the public school system.” In the
second place, the idea that ex
penditure of dollars determines
the excellence of the school is re
futed.
PROPORTION — Last jrear the
operation of the nine months pub
lic school system cost $53,864,852,
of which the state paid $43,871,
169 and the local units $9,993,683.
On percentage basis this is 81.45
for the state, 18.55 for the county
and city units. The state’s par* of
the money comes from the gen
eraj fund through legislative ap
propriation; that supplied by local
units is derived from court fines,
dog and poll taxes, special proper
ty tax levies, and in some instan
ces personal or corporate do
nations.
VARIANCE — There is wide
variance in the proportion of total
school cost paid by the state and
local units. Among the county
units the ratio runs from 4.59 per
cent paid by Yancey county, to
36.67 per cent paid by New Han
over while in the city units the
variance is from 4.40 per cent in
Fairmont to 45.93 per cent in
Durham. Comparable variance is
found in the amount spent per
pupil enrolled. Among the counties
per pupil cost is highest in Cam
den with $98.09 per child and low
est in Halifax with $50.01. It is a
coincidence that among city ad
ministrative units the high and
low in per capita cost are the
same as the high and low in local
contribution. Durham was tops
with expenditure of $92.41 per
pupil, while Fairmont was lowest
with $47.97. For the starte as whole
th( average per pupil cost was
$65.37 — $68.00 in city units, $64.37
in rural schools.
EFFICIENCY — Because of
many factors there is little con
formity between amounts spent
and efficiency of the schools. This
is especially true with respect to
the state’s part of the cost. Where
local communities have supple
mented state funds the schools are
better and there is much closer
fidelity to the idea that more
money should produce better op
portunities. In rural schools the
items of transportation and build
ings have large bearing on total
operational cost, and under the
system of distributing state funds
poorer communities get relatively
larger share than wealthy ones.
For example, it costs a lot more
to keep a child in school nin
months in Camden or Pork coun
ties, than it does in any of the
larger cities; but none will be so
foolish as to say the schools in
these counties are better than
those in Charlotte, Greensboro or
Asheville.
EQUALIZATION — Educational
opportunity is far from equalized
over the state as whole, but some
effort in that direction is made in
distribution of state funds. That is
why the state pays 95.41 percent
of the cost of the schools in Yan
cey county and only 54.07 per ient
in the city of Durham. As a rule
the cost of operating schools s
much higher in the far east and
the far west, whereas the concen
tration of population and wealth
is in the central part of the state.
FAIR — Some thoughtless citi
zens of the richer counties see in
this method of distribution dis
crimination against them. The
magazine article points out that
only 43 counties pay into the gen
eral fund of the state as much
as they get back in school money
alone, while some of these pay
four or five times as much; but
it is also noted that the big cities
are merely collection cen*e ■« and
the money they collect in sn'es
ant income taxes was actually
earned and originally spent in
neighboring communities. By way
of illustration the story says:
“Johnson, Wake, Chatham, Frank
lin, Warren and many eastern
counties, whose people trade in
Walter Winchell
Newspaperman Vs. Newspaperman
Some of the most interesting!
newspaper yarns have been in
spired by newsboys who nailed the
hides of competitors to their type
writers. Occasionally, the conflicts
went from word-slinging to bare
knuckle stuff. When James Gor
don Bennett sparked the free
swinging style of journalism, the
craft’s rough and tumble era
reached its peak. . .The fabulous
Bennett often engaged in fisticuffs
with rivals and made no secret
of the battles. As soon as the
slugging ended he would rush into
print with a standard headline:
“Bennett Thrashed Again!”
The fierce struggle for scoops
(and the attempts to prevent com
petitors from getting them) has re
sulted in many tangles.
Years ago one New York news
paper went so far as to hire sharp
shooters to shoot down another
gazette’s carrier-pigeons.
Editor E. W. Howe once ran a
searing editorial about a publisher
who was mixed up in a drunken
brawl. . .When the target wailed
the attack had hurt the cause of
journalism, Howfe snapped: “Be
cause a newspaperman is in a po
sition to give criticism that doesn’t
mean he is immune from it. And
every reporter knows that the
wages of sin is publicity!”
One of the fightingest editors (at
the turn of the century) was
named Alvin S. Peck. He turned
out a crusading gazette (in the
West) at a time when a man’s
best friend was his six-shooter and
editors were forced to defend their
opinions by shooting straight.
Peck killed 11 men beiore he
was finally shot.
The Times wasn’t always nam
by-pamby. Years ago it pounced
on an editorialist with; “His edi
torials are libels that should have
paralyzed the fingers that penned
them!”
A politico supported by the
World once committed a blunder.
The rival Tribune smugly assert
ed: "We will leave the explanation
of this to the World.”
The World then commented: “It
would be a great deal better for
the readeri of the Tribune if that
newspaper left all matters to J1
World to explain!”
During the Spanish - Amencan
war Big Town gazettes had a ^
culation war of their own. at ^
attempt to grab readers the -■ ■ '
World printed an incredible ^
tions a day. _ .
And the N. Y. Journal topPe
that by printing 40.
One of Greeley’s
feu ‘ had a tremendous eife.c u£t
history. He engaged in a - ^
tussle with a publisher naI?e .ve
H. Seward. Greeley nevei I on
his foe. . .Years later Seward > ^
into politics and looked *. j
cinch to cop the GOPresiu
nomination in I860. Ho''eitj0c
Greeley’s influential opp^.Jlied
ruined his chances. Tbe
editor supported another cat.
and played a major role m j,ia
ring the nomination for—ao
coin.
About a century ago t h e ^
was a morning newspaper . ..
went in for sensational new-.
(Continued on Page Fi'f)
Moscow Retreat
The World’,
Great Riddle
BY DEWITT MACkEV,,
AP Foreign Affairs Anal,
That was a grand K St
which Prime Minister Stal■
in the Kremlin to mar'- ,/ giv*
elusion of the dead!ockedV°r'‘
power conference, and h'ci<nir'
to the helath of President t tos,:
was an impressize spit!,'ruiIls:i
One would like to be "
add that this marked the ,a
of the doubts and suspicion ^
other differences which have k*"1
marring the relations of n, 5
and the Western Democracies
when you search for somethin,
which to pin your hope you L°?
find it. 110,1:
They frequently refer t0 ct
as the Sphinx of Moscow t,e5
he is a man of so few J"?*
And indeed as your colUffiZ
tries to extract any h°ipeU] 1
from this banquet ’and cou-t^'1
toast, he has the identical fee/?!
he has experienced when standi *
before the great Egyptian Safe!
r the Sahara outside Cairo, f",
just stand and stand, and won/"
what riddle that colussus mav Vc
pound next to the confusion 0|
mankind.
The banquet was perfect—*s
banquet. But something was iitj.
ing. Not only was there the &
sence of hope which should mark
a conference of the Big Four, 0/
so far as one can judge from this
distance there was no sign which
could be taken for guidance in fte
future. Tile banqueters shock
hands — and went their divers
ways without knowing whether tii
world is heading into another
whirlwind or whether we can have
peace.
And that, my mends, is exactlv
the riddle we have to solve, n't
next conference has been fixed for
November in London, although the
Big Four foreign ministers rr.iy
get together briefly in September
if all of them are in New York
for the meeting of the United Xa
tions assembly. Between now ini
then, this greatest riddle o| (#.
time must be figured out it tie
all-important German and Austri
an treaties are to be writen.
From the standpoint of
Western allies, of course, the rid
dle resolves itself into the ques
tion of whether Russia really
wants peace or whether she is
bent on encircling the globe with
Communism and making Moscow
the capital of the world.
Russia’s answer to this is that
the Western Democracies, and es
pecially the United States, are try
ing to encircle the Soviet Union
and render it impotent.
If the suspicions of either camp
are true, then another world up
heavel is likely in due course—
not now, but maybe ten or fifteen
years hence, when the powers
have recovered from the strain ot
the last conflict. If the suspicions
are unfounded, then we can have
peace. It will be a matter of dis
pelling the suspicions.
Meantime, the Moscow confer
ence has produced one useful re
sult. The Western Democracies
under leadership of General Mar
shall have made it plain that the;
will retreat no further. That in it
self may help to bring an answer
to our riddle, because so long as
the retreat continued, just so long
would the Russian advance go on.
that Wake county pays into the,
general fund to more than lour i
million dollars a year. The big
counties are merely collect
ing agents.”
PROGRESS — Since the magi
zine article quoted deals only wiilj
the record of the 1945-46 school
year little attention *s given to
the progress of the past few
months and the indicated greate,
progress, for next year, in more
adequate local supplements to
state school money. No ad valo
rem tax can be levied in counties
o: cities for the operation of the
public school except bv vote t
the people. In a few cases, wle.e
amounts are small and d|e
lev low, it may be possible ■»
add a few cents for construction
and maintenance of school tmi •
ingr In most cases, however,
bond issues must be voted for tha
purpose'. Of the 171 administrative
unit: in the state, sixty no-.v M
special tax levies. Several el
ions have been held in the *
this year either to levy new
or increase existing levies,
the last meeting of the state 0
of education authorized four m -
elections on this issue.
COOPERATION - This id
eates that. although the state
greatly increased its appropr-5 ■“
for public schools, the local co...
munities are alert to the resp°!j,
bility resting upon them, hi ■ -
analyses of the 1947-48 school C "
record may show that while s‘ (
dollars number a great deal ra -
the percentage of local coop
tion may be above the 18.-m P •
cent recorded for last year._