The Book Of Knowledge I
THE CHINESE REPUBLIC
After the ancient empire of
China became a republic in 1912,
President Yuan Shih-kai tried to
rule with a firm hand. Indeed, he
believed in a limited monarchy;
but even before his death in 1916,
serious civil war had broken out.
Different provincial rulers,
tuchuns or war lords, raised
armies of their own. They fought
among themselves, frequently
changed sides, and were not
above playing the game of foreign
interest, especially with the Japa
nese. Hundreds of thousands of
men were constantly under arms.
During the first World War,
China finally took the side of the
Allies. Afterward the Western
powers began to show more good
will. In 1922, nine of the powers,
including Japan, agreed to see to
it that China should continue as a
nation and that no one should
take any of her land.
Some concessions which had
been made to foreign countries
The old and new In transportation on the Bund in Shanghai
famous street along the waterfront. A modern bus and quaint coolie
drawn rickshaws compete for the passenger trade.
were actually returned. During
all this time the Peking govern
ment, though it made treaties and
undertook some constructive
work, was very weak.
The real “Father of the Chinese
Revolution” was Dr. Sun Yat-sen,
a highly educated and intelligent
man. He was, in fact, the first
president of the young republic
but gave way to Yuan Shih-kai
for the sake oi harmony. Dr. Sun
formed a party called the Kuom
intang — which literally means
“Country-People Association.” It
was a patriotic party that wanted
to restore China to the Chinese.
We call such a movement nation
alism.
The Chinese nationalists under
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Dr. Sun finally established a sep
arate government in Canton
South China, which began to en
list considerable support. Dr. Sun
himself died in 1925, but he left
his followers a simple, clear pro
gram. The year after his death,
the new nationalist forces started
a spectacular advance under
young Marshal Chiang Kai-shek.
By the end of the year, Chiang
controlled most of China south of
the Yangtze. A few months later, ■
Shanghai and Nanking were taken
by his men, and Peking followed j
in June.
The seat oi government moved
to Nanking, the ancient southern
capital, much to {he distress of
Peking, which was given the name
of Peiping meaning ' City of
Northern Peace.” Chiang’s newly
established government was still
far from controlling all China, but '
it set about the task of recon- '
structing the ravaged nation. A
complicated new constitution was
adopted, and recognition was ob
tained from many Western
power*.
However, trouble continued with
Japan, which steadily strengthen
ed its hold on China. In 1931, the
Japanese began to occupy
rich Manchuria where they had
valuable interests. They also land
ed troops in Shanghai, and during
the fighting much of the native
city was burned. Despite China’s
show of resistance, despite the
Nine-Power Treaty, the Japanese
Occupied Mukden. The three pro
vinces of Manchuria, together
with some territory in Mongolia
and northern China, were formed
into a new state called Manchu
kuo. This was under Japan’s in
fluence, though it was supposed
to be independent.
In 1937, the Japanese suddenly
launched an undeclared war >n
China. In the months that followed
the Chinese lost their seaports one
by one; their capita], Nanking,
was captured and sacked; other
important districts were captured.
The Japanee expected the Chi
nese' to give up. But China con
tinued fighting for eight years,
throughout World War II, until Ja
pan was finally defeated by the
Allies in 1945.
(Copyright. 1946. by the Grolier
The Neighbors
By George Clork
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“Why, h is NOT homely! But you’re lucky he’s a boy so it
doesn’t make any difference.”
HOME DEMONSTRATION
CLUB PICNIC TODAY
The County Home Demonstra
ion club and families will have a
picnic this afternoon at Kures
3each, it was reported yesterday
Society Inc., based upon the Book
>f Knowledge)
'Distributed by United Feature
syndicate Inc.)
rOMORROW: — New Flowers,
bruits and Vegetables.
by Miss Anne Mason, county home
demonstration agent.
The families of the club women
are looking forward to the picnci
at which there will be swimming,
fishing, and games, as the featur
ed activities of the evening.
A picnic supper will be given at
6:30 p. m.
More than three times- as many
people died from burns and scalds
in the United States during 1944
••an died in the eight mose. disas
trous fire castropres since 1871.
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I
MUNICIPAL TAX
RATE INCREASED
Budget Adopted By Coun
cil; Two New Firemen
Added To Force
Wilmington’s municipal tax rate
today has been increased 45 cents
to $1.80 and the city is shouldering
a record-breaking budget of $1,
503,252.
In addition, water rates were in
creased about 15 per cent with a
water department budget of $377,
308 on the books. There will be an
assistant city manager at a salary
of $3,600 annually but no wage
increases for city employes.
The city will continue with its
present fire deprtment personnel
with the exception that two men
were added to the force.
Those actions highlighted the
weekly meeting of the city council
yesterday in adopting the budget
six weeks late.
Many towns in the United States
have names indicating that they
are state lines, such as Arkana,
La., Calexico, Calif., Arkoma,
Okla., Tennga, Ga., Texhoma,
Okla., Kenova, W. Va., Texico, N.
M., Texarkana, Ark, and many
others.
LOCAL MAN FREED
BY GOV. CHERRY
L. A. Rivenbark of Wilmington,
today again is a free man. Gover
nor R. Gregg Cherry yesterday
placed Rivenbark on parole.
He was convicted here in 1943
on a charge of manslaughter in
the connection of the death of his
wife, Clara. A jury, specifically,
found him guilty of negligently
striking his wife with his auto
mobile on the Castle Hayne road
in May of 1945. He Waj ^
to five to seven years.'
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