The Sunday Star-News
Published Every Sunday
By The Wilmington Star-News
R. B. Page, Pubhsfter_
Telephone Ail departments 2-3311
Entered as Seoone Clear; Matter at Wilming
ton. N. C- Poe- Office Under Act of
Congrees -jf March 3, 1879__
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SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1947
Star-News Program
State ports with Wilmington tavoied
in proportion with its resources, to in
clude public terminals, tobacco stor
age warehouses, ship repair facilities,
nearby sites for heavy industry and
35-foot Cape Fear river channel.
City auditorium large enough to
meet needs for years to come.
Development of Southeastern North
Carolina agricultural and industrial
resources through better markets and
food processing, pulp wood production
and factories.
Emphasis on the region s recrea
tion advantages and improvement of
resort accommodations.
Improvement of Southeastern North
Carolina* farm-to-market and pri
mary roads, with a paved highway
from Topsail inlet to Bald Head is
land.
Continued effort to attract more in
dustries.
Proper utilization of Bluethenthal
airport for expanding air service.
Development of Southeastern North
Carolina's health facilities, especially
in counties lacking hospitals, and in
cluding a Negro Health center.
Encouragement of the growth of
commercial fishing.
Consolidation of City and County
governments.
*
GOOD MORNING
Your glorying is not good. Know ye not
that a little leaven leaveneth the whole
lump?—I Corinthians 5:6.
* * *
Influence is exerted by every human be
ing from the hour of birth to that of death.
—Chapin.
Broadening Education
Practically every educational develop- j
ment, either local, state or national in
scope, taking place since Wilmington began
plans for its college has borne out the
wisdom of establishing this institution to
meet a vital and growing need in the com
munity.
And each development assures its future
success.
The latest is the forecast by the Presi
dent’s Commission on Higher Education
that, if Federal aid is forthcoming, college
enrollments will be doubled within the next
12 years.
Presuming that there will be Federal as
sistance because its sound advocacy is
expanding almost daily as more and
more realize that education is not a local
or sectional asset but a national one, some
mighty important questions are offered.
They are:
Can the nation s campuses double their
facilities within the next decade and two
years? If so, can the public treasury carry
this great burden? And if enlargement is
possible, can it be effected in time to pre
vent the danger of fostering an “intellectual
•lite,” as seen by the President’s commis
sion?
The college, as operated in Wilmington
with a minimum of physical facilities at
the present, is the best means of keeping
negative answers to those questions from
causing irremediable damage to American
education. Here a young man and woman
can complete two years of college work
at a minimum of personal expense and a
maximum of conservation of the facilities
of the older colleges. While some, undoubt
edly sticklers for tradition, may mourn the
absence of so - called “dormitory life,”
most see the passing up of this
is no great loss to a practical young in
dividual seeking a good education at the
smallest financial outlay by himself and
the state. In addition, most of the younger
junior colleges are making a determined
effort to round out a sound program of
extra - curricular activities comparable to
the “on-campus” institutions.
Education, because of its increasing
value in every-day life, is becoming more
practical. The junior college system is an
excellent expression of this and its expan
sion is ample material testimony of its
success.
A hundred years ago, the benefits of
lower education were restricted.
But a practical America, devoted to the
obligation of continually increasing the op
portunities for a better life by the masses,
made its public school system one of the
broadest and finest in the world. Now the
goal of treating higher education in the
same light is appearing clearer and clear
er. And of all means, the municipal, region
al or state junior college appears the
best at the present stage of the great
undertaking. And Wilmington and New
Hanover county are certainly entitled to
full prkh- in that their names are listed
among those doing their best to expand
educational opportunities beyond the High
school graduation level.
New Obligations At Hospital
To assert that all differences betweenl
staff nurses and management of James]
Walker Memorial hospital have been
settled on a basis of assured permanency
would be a hasty jump to conclusions.
Like others primarily interested in the
dispute's effect on public welfare, the Star
News welcomes the truce.
The nurses have withdrawn their mass
resignations and accepted the improved
working conditions and salary increases of
fered by the board of managers in a 12
point program on Dec. 10. But they declare
that “a permanent solution of the basic
problems existing” at the hospital has not
been achieved. Not by the widest exten
sion of the imagination can one find a def
inite promise of a finish to the dispute in
the nurses’ latest statement.
Thus, the immediate result of the nurses’
efforts may be evaluated in two lights.
If the primary objective was improved
conditions of employment, they won.
If their principal aim was collective bar
gaining, they lost.
With the current armistice prevailing, it
is the direct obligation of both sides to see
that peace is made permanent on a firm
foundation. To do this, the past must be
forgotten, misunderstandings cleared, per
sonalities submerged and no individual on
either side should harbor or exercise vin
dictiveness. Both groups must strive to ef
fect better employer-employe relations. If
they succeed, it is to be believed that the
morale of all will be what it should for the
institution to fulfill properly its functions
as a vital protector of the community’s
life and health.
But if the wounds are allowed to remain
j open, infection in the form of revival of
! issues which created and prolonged this
controversy can be logically expected.
From the beginning, the board was un
alterably opposed to recognition of the;
North Carolina Nurses association as bar- j
gaining agent for the group here. It was ]
equally determined not to enter into a col
lective bargaining contract. The manage
ment believed, and rightfully so, that such
arrangements would not be to the best in
terests of the hospital and public,
i The board offered a proposed form of
individual contract to the nurses. It would
! include a schedule of wages and hours and i
other working conditions comparable to
those accepted by Duke and Charlotte Me
morial hospitals’ nurses, a spokesman said.
The disconcerting series of events at the
hospital in recent weeks, coupled with the
undeniable fact that there is no safeguard
against their reoccurrence, should convince
all that individual contracts are an impor
tant matter in limiting misunderstanding
between the nurses and management. For
the sake of permanent peace, it is to be
hoped that the nurses will reconsider their
refusal to sign them, especially in view of
the fact that they have agreed to the terms
which, it is presumed, would be contained
in the contracts. The contracts would be,
in effect, similar to those made between
school teachers and county boards of edu
cation. The rights and obligations of each
party would be definitely established. A
legal document, either side would have re
course to the courts in event of a breach.
Such an arrangement has operated suc
cessfully in the school system — the teacher
is certainly as much a professional as the
nurse — and it should work in a hospital.
Thus, unionization in the nursing profes
sion would be discouraged, if not prevented.
We believe the public prefers for the young
women to look upon their careers as a pro
fession, in every sense of the word, and
not a trade. Unionization has no more place
in nursing than it has in the practice of
medicine by physicians.
The individual contract could be made
a material means of moving toward a
‘■permanent solution of the basic problem
existing’ at the hospital. It would give both
the board and nurses legal rights they do
not have now. Both would be afforded
greater protection. And the system would
serve to prevent another threatened walk
out whose innocent victims would have
been ill and dying patients.
The contract would be an aid, since the
intensity of the dispute has been eased by
the nurses’ acceptance of the hospital’s of
fer, toward establishing and maintaining
an atmosphere conducive to settlement of
remaining or future problems on a long
range basis. And as these disagreements
are cleared, the public could expect an im
proved spirit, morale and efficiency at the
hospital from which all would benefit.
More Damage Than Good? j
There is considerable significance in
President Truman’s presentation of the
Marshall theory for the first time in
planned form, with a $17,000,000,000 price
tag attached, on the same day Congress
adjourned its special session.
Mr. Truman’s m^sage was the neces
sary link between the special session and
the regular one beginning in January.
What happened on Capitol Hill during the
last several weeks will have a definite
bearing on the treatment of the Marshall
program, now that the Congress and peo
ple know exactly what is wanted. All along
they have rightfully considered it our first
and best weapon against expansion of Com
munism. This, also, was given fresh em
phasis by the President as he asserted that
it was a vital step in the United States’ ef
forts to prevent World war III.
But first, let’s review what the special
session a.-complished.
As to interim European aid, it appro
priated $540,000,000 to see Democracy
through the winter months in Italy, France
Austria and China. Mr. Truman had asked
$597,000,000 for the three European coun
tries. All realize that this assistance
was necessary to tide them over until the
Marshall program can be activated. Sev
eral reverses suffered by the Communists,
such as a vote of confidence for Italy’s
middle-of-the road De (J#speri’s govern
ment and the withdrawal of 1,500,000
French workers from the Red-dominated
General Federation of Labor, show the
early effect of this relief on sentiment over
seas.
Congress, in its special session, made a
good start on foreign relief.
But on the other equally important prob
lem of domestic inflation, the showing was
woefully weak.
The Taft three-point anti-inflation meas
ure was “watered down” so that it con
tained but four of the ten anti-inflation re
quests President Truman made when the
session began. Two, extension of export
and transportation controls, were placed
in the bill by the Ohio senator and the
others, a food conservation program in this
country and promotion of food production
in non-European nations, were inserted by
the Democrats. President Truman, was
given neither the authority for rationing
nor wage and price controls he sought.
Only the most hopeful believe the act
will have appreciable effect in lowering
prices. Most Americans are going to feel
that their government is attempting to at
tack the elephantine cost of living with a
pop gun.
The normal reaction during the period
between the congressional sessions will be
something like this: Our representatives
did a lot— $540,000,000 worth, to be exact —
for the people overseas but actually little
to return a few cents value to our in
flated dollar. This sentiment may grow
and, despite the best efforts to deal out
scarp headline material, the present warm
reception for the Marshall program may
chill. There is no doubt that President Tru
man’s recommendations for 17 billion dol
lars aid to Europe over four and a quarter
years are going to be argued from every
possible angle. And the hardest of all
charges to refute will be that we are doing
too much for overseas economy and not
enough for domestic well being. Why so
much emphasis on the foreign front against
Communism and so little attention to our
domestic flank will be the general tone of
many questions in the months ahead.
By failing to deal little more than a slap
on the wrist to inflation, the special ses
sion has seriously endangered proper treat
ment of the Marshall plan during the regu
lar one. That was its biggest mistake. It
is now quite apparent that the session did
not justify itself, with exception of ap
proval of emergency European aid. And
the Republican majority was responsible,
j Whether it can show more courage and
ability of accomplishment in the regular
session remains to be seen but the outlook,
on the basis of the past, is not encouraging.
Keeping Its Pledge
There is a happy note of econoi v and,
at the same time, a not so bright one of
decreased revenues in the report on the
City of Wilmington’s finances for the first
five months of the current fiscal year.
The municipality stayed well within its
budget and accumulated a paper surplus
of $32,564.
However, receipts for the period were
not up to expectations, being $9,254 short
of the anticipated total. A similar trend
prevailed in the water and sewerage de
partment. although the paper surplus was
approximately $5,000 less than the differ
ences between actual revenue and esti
mates.
When council adopted the budget for the
current period, it w'as well aware of the
absolute necessity of upping the tax rate
because of decreased revenues and in
creased expenses of operation. The latest
financial report substantiates the wisdom
of this foresight.
As the governing body raised the levy
rate, it promised the citizenry that it would
maintain the strictest economy possible
without seriously compromising the City’s
numerous services and responsibilities.
The $32,564 surplus attained by comparing
actual expenditures with allotments is
ample evidence that the administration is
keeping the pledge it made to its consti
tuents. It is powerless to do much if any
thing about falling receipts but it can save
by keeping its spending below budget esti
mates. That the City government is doing
this so well is substantial indication that
it will end the fiscal year with its finances
in a healthy condition.
Shipbuilders Retiring
Two of America’s most distinguished
shipbuilders — Homer L. Ferguson and
Roger Williams, executive officers of the
Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock
company — will retire from their active po
sitions on January 1.
Their loss as executives to the company
they helped make so great will be tempered
by the fact that both will continue as mem
bers of its board of directors. Mr. Ferguson
will remain as chairman and Mr. Williams
will retain the chairmanship of the execu
tive committee.
Many Wilmingtonians came to know
these fine gentlemen during the war years
the Newport News company successfully
operated the North Carolina Shipbuilding
company as a subsidiary. There is no doubt
that the sound shipbuilding policies laid
down by them were important factors in
setting the production record which made
the Wilmington yard one of the nation’s
leaders.
Excellent Example
Eleven years ago, Venezuela finally
freed herself from the paralyzing dictator
ship of Juan Vicente Gomez. A little more
than two years ago, a liberal revolution
overthrew a regime which, though better
than Gomez’, was scarcely a model of
democratic leadership.
Today that revolution has flowered into
a truly constitutional republic.
Venezuelans have elected Romula Gal
legos, one of South America’s most dis
tinguished literary figures, as their new
president. They have also chosen a new
congress and state legislatures under the
new constitution. In doing so, they enjoyed
a direct vote, secret ballot and universal
suffrage for the first time.
The election, unmarred by violence or
disputes, marks the “return of full sov
ereignty of the people,” as retiring Provi
sional President Betancourt put it. Mr. Bet
ancourt, his party and his people have
made an important contribution to free
government. We hope that their accomp
lishments may serve as a pattern tor all'
Latin-American politics. i
“THE WINNAH AND STILL CHAMP!”
iIIl—
The Gallup Poll
Eisenhower Most Favored Candidate
Among Nation’s Independent Voters
Bloc Of Some 13 1-2 Mil
lion People Holds The
Balance Of Power
By GEORGE GALLUP
Director, American Institute of
Public Opinion
PRINCETON, N. J„ Dec. 20
No matter what candidates are
selected, the 1948 presidential
election is going to be decided by
a voting bloc of some 13 1-2
million people who hold the bal
ance of political power in Ameri
ca today.
The outcome depends directly
on what party can make the
most successful appeal to this
pivotal and decisive group.
The group is the inde
pendent voters.
General Dwight D. Eisenhow
er is the most favored candidate
of this group today — probably
because he has remained aloof
from partisan politics.
One voter in five (22 per cent)
today classifies himself as inde
pendent — that is, he considers
himself as belonging not to the
Republican Party or to the Dem
ocratic Party, but as a man who
is apt to switch from one party
to the other depending on his
own personal convictions.
Neither the Republicans nor
the Democrats have enough reg
ular or “hard - shelled’’ party
members to carry the country;
they must rely on the independ
ents to supply enough votes to
win.
Right now the majority of in
dependent voters lean toward
the Democrats. For 16 years the
Republicans have battled to win
over the independents, and they
were successful only once — in
.the 1946 Congressional elections.
The rest of the time the inde
pendent vote has proved a hap
py hunting ground for the Demo
crats. The trend follows:
“If a presidential election
were being held today, which
party would you vote for — the
Democratic or the Republican?’’
Independent Voters
Pr. Ct. Pr. Ct.
Dem. Rep.
1944 election .--62 38
Oct., 1946 .38 62
Oct., 1947 .57 43
TODAY —.57 43
As for candidates for 1948, the
independents today show a pref
erence for three leading men—
General Dwight D. Eisenhower,
President Truman and Governor
Thomas E. Dewey of New York.
Harold E. Stassen, Secretary
of State George C. Marshall and
Letter To The Editor
More Than 100 Families
Need Your Christmas Aid
To the Editor:
I would like to express my
appreciation for the editorial,
“The Neediest Cases,” pub
lished in the Morning Star
on Dec. 20 and for the very fine
publicity in the Wilmington
News Dec. 18 and 19 regarding
citizens of Wilmington who are
in need of assistance this Christ
mas. As a direct result of your
publicity, many people who
were not aware of the great
need in our community ha v e
responded wholeheartedly to
your pleas for assistance.
At this writing, there are s+il 1
well over 100 families in the
files of the Christmas bureau, a
Red Feather agency, who will
be without Christmas cheer un
less the more fortunate citizens
of Wilmington share their
Christmas with others.
Names of these families may
be secured by calling the Asso
ciated Charities, telephone 6880,
which is handling cases for both
its organization and the De
partment of Public Welfare, or
the Salvation Army, telephone,
4338. No names are given out
by the Christmas bureau. The
Christmas bureau merely acts
as a clearing house for the So
cial Work agencies in order to
eliminate duplication, such as
the name of any one family be
ing given to more than one per
son or organization who wish to
assist a family at this time
If anyone would like to assist
a needy family, please call the
above numbers. The time is
running short, and it would in
deed be with a spirit ot humility
and heartfelt thanks if we could
announce that Wilmington had
taken care of its people on
Christmas day one hundred per
cent.
MISS MARGARET Y. MOORE
Chairman. Christmas Bureau.
121 S. Fifth St.
Wilmington. N. C.
Dec. 20, 1947.
Henry A. Wallace are also popu
lar among independents.
Although General Eisenhower
does not run ahead in polls
among regular Republican party
members, the secret of his .pop
ularity when matched against
President Truman in
“trial heat” races lies largely
in his appeal to the independent
vote.
To probe candidate pref
erences among the independents
a list of 12 men who are being
most prominently discussed in
connection with the 1948 race
was handed to each voter classi
fying himself as an independent.
He was asked the question:
“Suppose you had a chance to
vote for your favorite candidate
for president in 1948. If such an
election were being held today,
which one of these men would
you vote for?”
The vote:
Dwight D. Eisehower ....18Pr, Ct.
Harry S. Tru.man -_17._Pr.Ct.
Thomas E. Dewey .13 Pr.Ct.
Harold E. Stassen .10 Pr.Ct.
George C. Marshall ....10 Pr.Ct.
Henry A. Wallace _10 Pr.Ct.
Douglass MacArthur .... 8 Pr.Ct.
Arthur H. Vandenburg 4 Pr.Ct.
Earl Warren . 4 Pr.Ct.
Robert A. Taft . 3 Pr.Ct.
Leverett Saltonstall .... 1 Pr.Ct.
Joseph E. Martin . 1 Pr.Ct.
Others . 1 Pr.Ct.
Who are the independent
voters? An analysis of the poll
results shows that they are dis
tributed among all occupa
tion groups, but the smallest pro
portion is found among farmers.
One farmer in seven polled by
the Institute claims to be inde
pendent, as compared to about
one in four among business ar.d
professional people, white collar
workers and manual workers.
Geographically the smaliest
is found in the South, where on
ly one voter in ten disclaims any
regular party affiliation. Else
where the independents consti
tute slightly fewer than one
voter in four.
GUARD COAL TRAINS
HAMBURG —iff) — German
railway police have erected
barbed wire barricades along
“vulnerable” stretches of rail
way track to prevent mass coal
pilfering from trains. Last winter
coal trans from the Ruhr lost as
much as one-third of their load
through pilfering on the jurney
to Hamburg.
By DEWITT MACKENZIE
AP Foreign Affairs Analyst
There’s nothing left to the
imagination in President Tru
man’s message to congress de
tailing the Marshall plan.
We get a stark picture of a
war-shattered Europe which is
struggling in an economic slough
of despond from which it can
not escape without outside help.
Meantime aggressive nornmur
ism is threatening to overrun
the distressed countries.
“The next few years,’’ warns
the President, ‘can determine
whether the free countries of
Europe will be able to preserve
their heritage of freedom.”
If they can’t, such a turn of
events might well compel
America to modify her own e-.'o
nomic system and f->regc man>
of her freedoms and privileges
And the Chief Executive makes
this grim point:
‘The last two decides have
taught us the bitter lesson that
no economy, not even one so
strong as our own, can remain
healthy and prosperous in a
world of poverty and wan: Our
deepest concern with European
recovery, however is that it is
essential to the maintenance of
the civilization in which
the American way of life is root
ed.”
That s the big issue. Apart
from any altruistic viewpoint on
our part, the Western hemis
phere is threatened by the Red
Tide. And what is the cost of
helping Europe regain her feet
and of maintaining our own way
of life? Of this Mr. Truman
says:
“The program of aid to Eu
rope which T am recommending
is well within our capacity to
undertake. Its total cost, though
large (about $17,000,000,00c — bil
lion—) will be only about five
percent of the cost of our effort
in the recent war.”
Obviously the corollary is that
it v» ould be cheaper to head off
a Third World war than to figh;
it, and that's a point which this ]
column has emphasized before
Seventeen billion dollars — or
what will you — is a powerful
lot of money and its expenditure
brings small cheer to the hapless
tax payer, but to my mind
this mountain of cash doesn't
matter a tinker's dam as com
pared with another outlay which
war would involve.
Did you ever stand beside one
of those great military ceme
teries which are the product of
tl last two World wars? Thou
sands upon thousands of white
crosses stretching off across the
acres as far as the eye can
reach. You can’t balance the
j dollar sign against one of those
I emblems of sacrifice.
~r.: Spearmanj
Literary
Lantern
By WALTER SPEARMAN
chapel HILL, Dec 2o
man who began life „' U " A
Carolina tenant farm'°"*!?»
a Southern muitarv
worked on a Georgia *Chool>
Per, and finally became” ?
Jar. American novelist and?
tonan, has now writter « h‘*
the year’s most entertain)0"6 of
tobiographies. The man ,U'
E. Woodward (in fr, ls ^
?• C. they caw t"""®
there little oie Wiliie ?*■
ward”), author of such fs '
books as -Meet r r
Grant,” “Evelyn Prentic?""*1
'Tom Paine: An,e«“"Co “
ther and coiner of that ?'
popular term, "debunk'’ ?
new book is “The Gift of L,f.
an appropriate title for
story of a man who loved !,«'
and lived it boldly. enthus?
cally and abundantlv (p *
Dutton and Co.. Inc.. New Y?
43 pp. $4.75) York
Having successfully “debunk
ed George Washington Z
General Grant. Author wJJ
ward astutely predicts that re
viewers will say of his '
book, “Woodward Debunk.
Himself,’ which is exactly \-i
he proceeds to do in this
biography. His candor is so <j,
arming and his modesty so
gaging that his self - debumtina
makes his readers like him •)<
the better-whether he ,s con
fessing how he slipped back im„
the walls of The Citadel
Charleston concealed on a load
of fresh meat or how he lost his
virtue in a vine-covered coy.
near Graniteville with a g,,-j
nearly twice his age
Later chapters tell 0f hi.
working in an Atlanta factors
and on Augusta and Atlanta
newspapers. He even had an 0p
portunity of working for th*
Coca-Cola company for a small
salary and shares of stock, but
turned down the offer and’ lost
what would have been a fortune
In New York, he became a suc
cessful newspaperman, adve
tising man and banker. One of
his best stories of this period ;•
the remark he made to Mr
Ruppert when he was handling
the Ruppert beer advertising
account. He was promotion
manager for the Hearst papers
but found Mr. Hearst ‘'childish”
and unstable. For some year,
he ran a syndicated book page
and hired Sinclair Lewis to he
his firs* editor.
During (he 1920's in New York
Woodward was an intimate part
of the local literati and his ac
counts of Theodore Dreiser.
Lewis. Laurence Stallings,
Thomas Wolfe. Van Wyck
Brooks, Julia Peterkin, H. G.
Wells, Alexander Woollcott,
Lynn Fontanne. Elizabeth Mad
ox Roberts and many others
make interesting reading. He
still feels responsible for having
sent Dreiser to Russia and sa- s
that Dreiser became a Commu
nist on that trip and remained
one until liis recent death. He
mentions liking North Carolini
an James .Street and nartciulsr
lv admiring his bonk, "The
Gauntlet.”
Woodward was 46 when h«
started his writing and was phe
nomenally successful with that
Now at 73 he states in the final
pages of his autobiography that
he has three more novels hi
wants to write and conclude'
‘‘I do not know how 1 could live
an idle life.” Certainly his bock
indicates that he has alreadv
lived a busy life, that he thor
oughly enjoyed living it and will
be quite glad for other _ people
to enioy reading about it. An*
indeed thev will, for in spite o
a lack of organization and no
great feeling for phrases, o*
Gift of Life” is full of vitality
humor, genuine love of hums
itv and a refreshes frfTVn^
that allows him to be oerfect.
natural in discussing labor or
ganizers in South Carolina ^
nude waitresses in a pnpu-a
Parisian restaurant
HANES TO SPEEK
CHARLOTTE. Dec. 19 -f;
iRobert M. Hanes o! ^insto.
Salem, president of the 'aC‘
i via Bank and Trust comptf
who also heads the Nort.. _
lina Business foundation,
scheduled to speak in Charlotte
today at a meefint? nt ,
and industrial leaders. ■■ '
topic was the long ter n ^ ^
ificance of educatio ‘ j
search activities being
at the University of North t
lina- __ ..——■*
Behind The News
Marshall Plan Is Safeguard Against War
The world needs no
evidence of Americas
ness to fight if necessary- &
fight all right when the gji
demands. But we re not: go ^
send vour sons and mine ,
to fight again just to avo ^
ing taxes to avert anotn ^
conflict which likely wo jjjt
disastrous as to make ^
one look insignificant. - d;V,
investment would Pu> * s3\<
dends. Of this Mr. TIl! j j]ie
“As an investment to , 5>f
peace and secu’- >l ■ ,.zg!,.3
world and toward tm- •
of hope and confident e
ter way of life for ‘he„IU
this cost is small inoe ,
So far as concerns tn ^
from Bolshevism. n_ sU« o'
question that. The c0 b.|t th:s
impartial observers 1* na,p
constitutes the grea e, facd
which free nations 1 (o(i
since the days of th*
queroM.