MARCH 29. 1923 PIONEER LIFE IN IDAHO By L N. Perkins There was on.' u?r., a.o.inor 'voili iig at the Tyranus Cnu.p that 1 wa much interested in. his* name wa York and he may be of the sam family of that name in X. C. thong I dtn not positive about that, he wa well niformed on most any subjec \ou could suggest, had traveled ev tensively ever the iniriir./ sections o the North West, but h?* l v: not ac cumulated anything and Iaccounte< if to his love fur vau-bhsg over dif fcient parts of fne wrld as the a son but 1 founu therwise a? 1 v-il r explain: At the time I was with him he had quit wok. >. fv r wages bu had taken a lease on a certain pro perty and was w ircing it on and in a short time afterwards b "ftruck it rich* and in about tw< wteks time clea d $l,&OG.la| and a soon as he got his money he took i vacation, went down to the Town o Hailey and was gone three weeks When he came back he w as entirely without money, did not have any thing at all to show for his wortr oi the lease, and went to work again ii mines for wages, and I learned tha this was ar. uncommon occurrence among mining men which explain: why there was so many of them wh< lived to old age. Never married ant never owned anything' more than : blanket and cavuse When in Hailej before going on the to th? Tyranus I formed the acquaintance of a rancher who lived '?n Cam a: Prararies. He was an ex-Cowfederati Soldier and had formerly lived ii Missouri and Arkansas. fr-un ti.Tr obtained some inform:*':-m about th< climate, soil, and prodi;; * of tin Prairie. I told him I was e\*i acting t< make a trip to Camas and see th? valley for myself. bi = r,anv? was \V:1 liam McCurn and he had ov'y bee:: : resident of Idaho three years, but 1" was well pleased with the Countr? and insisted that I look oar t'.? country a?*d promised to give me wha assistance he could and invited me t< come to his house and make it on heme while I was in the valley. H? told us his home was close to a smal town ?y the name of Soldier about thirty miles West of Hailey. The val ley then known as Big Caras Prarh is about eighty miles ir length ant from eight to sixteen miles in widtl * The greatestwidth being about th< center of the valley, is surrui ded bj hiils and mountains. The low hili: near the valley in this Western coun try are known as foot hills, and ar< covered with a verv luxurious irraja known as hunch grass. Stock feed ing on hunch grass will take on mor< fat than any feed I know of. Then are five Carmus Praries in Idaho, s( named on account of a weed thai grows in ma n y place." in these praries. The weed resemble* our artichoke in some respects, ha; a bulb or root that is edible, hog: thrive on it and the Indians used il for food, these- valleys or praries have local names to distinguish on* from the other on the day mentioned we reached0Mr. McCanti's about sur down where We were ho pitaby en tertained over night. The next daj we went o.; ten miles further West tc a settlement kit own as Con:;l. when my friend McCarter bought him ; ranch. Some friends of his had select ed the situation for him before h< came, i left him th re and re turne that, ayomjng to Mr. McfiSrm's, ncas Soldier This town of So dier \;as sr named on accunt ot a d .achmen: ol U. S. troops, that, \vo?e .-intiom there to guard against the Indian? who were troublesome in those day: in all that portion of the con m i y This valley at that time (July 1886) was just begining to he settled up had only been cleared of Indians am surveyed a few years. The first white settlers house in the valley was built in 1881 and there vvc-re onlj three houses built that year, bul when I reached the valley there were about two hundred voters living there. Quite an increase in less thai five years. In the section of country bctweer the Rocky mountains and the Cas cades, the face of the country, th'. climate, soil and the native growtl of timber and vegetation is entireij * different from the section East o. the Rockies and more especially Eas of the Mississippi river. The valley: alone can be cultivated or inhabited as it is a dry sunshiny country and ai of the iow valleys have to be irrigat ed to obtain results. The mountain: are high and rugged, the "foot hills' are higher there than the Grand father mountains in N. C. Some verj productive valleys are from five u seven thousand feet above sea level The valleys anu South side of th< foot hills are covered with grass an< sage brush. The North sides of th< . hills and low mountains have a heaw coat of fir timber with a sprinklinj of Quakonasp along the Wate courses. This valley of Big Carnas prari was an ideal one in many respect* the altitude of the valley proper wa five thousand feet. On the South sid was a low mountain soperating i from the Snake river plains. On th North side the'mountalns were hig and rugged, the top of one of th peaks immediately North of the tow -of Soldier was above the timbe level. The North side being covere with perpetual snow and while looked to be level, it was rollin 9 enough to drain the water, coiisc quently it was healthy and free froi the musquito pest. There was a sma stream of water which traversed th South hills, known as Malad river, tributary of the Wood and Snak rivers end from the North side i convenient distances three smai c eeks running through the vallej into this Malad river, thus affording sufficient pure water for settlers anci The spring varities of grain wen -own in May and harvested in September. The winter varieties of wheal - sown in full would not produce neai s as much as the spring varities, bul s the quality was better. e The climate is very different then h from what it is in N. C. There is s more sunshiny days*in one year there t than any country I have ever known - Very little rain falls, most of the f precipitation is in the form of snow. - in the high valleys it will measure [1 anywhere from 2 d-2 to 4 feet in depth. The first snow that falls in early winter is the last going off I in the spring. During the winter of i> 86 and 87 measured the depth of the t snow in different localities and it - was just four feet. The first snow . usually comes the lust of November f1 or early in December, about a foot r. | in depth and for a month or more, s The sleighing is fine, though the sun ? shines most of the time the snow does f not melt enough to be disagreeable .. [ and the weather not cold enough to * be unpleasant. After snow falls the - stock. i The soil on the prarie was from i two to four feet deep, owing to the t locality, and very productive, it rei' quired very little irrigating. The grain s! crocs grown were wheat, oats and > barley. Wheat would yield from ?*0 1 to 40 bushels to the acre, oats and 1 barley from 00 to 100 bushels per f' acre. No corn could be grown exs! cept very early varieties and that in ? I limited quantities. The seasons were s' short., owing to altitude and latitude. ?! A very ccld wave is sweeping over i ranchers house their wheel vehicles, t get out their bob-sleds, and cutters ? and use them till spring. After th. snow falls to a great depth, for a month or more, travel is entirely sus ponded, except where the roads arc t' pt open by constant travel. Where i the roads are not kept open, persons traveling them are compelled to Use . snow shoes. The Norwegian pattern being the kind used in that country. I t have known good sized congregations t at church and S. S., all traveling cn 1 snow shoes. Usually in February ' there is a spell of soft weather when 1 the snow will sink some and pack, titill a crust will from on top and the -! travel is good till about the last of : I March, when the snow begins to get 1 soft, you must stay in the roads tili : it gets off. In that locality thc i snow never is taken off with a rain 7 hut goes off gradually with the sun the water courses do not get out of - their banks. Some seasons there are ? "chinook" winds from the Japan curs rent that takes the snow away in - short order, in two or three days time ? the eround* is drv and the roads dusty. (To be continued week after next.) A SEVERE INDICTMENT The Charlotte News suggests that when we conie to the conclusion that things are not going just as they should, and when everything seems dead wrong we might consider the following stastistics as a reason: We spend every year $2,100,000,000 for tobacco; $1,000,000,000 for movies; $2,000,000,000 for candies, $1 000,0000 for perfumes cos! metics etc.; $500,000,000 for jewel| ry, $350,000,000 for furs; $300,000j 000 lor soft drinks; $50,000,000 for chewing gum, $3,000,000,0000 for joy rides, pleasure resorts and the , 'ik.0, a.- or luAuiin we spend $22,700i o00,000. Against this we spend over .>j.iniv,iniy jor caucanon, i j ?i00 for graded schools $100,000,000 ; for public high schools, $20,500,000 , i ft>i normal schools and $25,000,000 . , for all church schools and colleges, i A*id these statistics cause the News , to remark further that where one's I treasure is there one's heart is also. The above statistics would indicate therefore that we have little heart proportionately at least for those of the things that would bring about the conditions we desire, the social locations, the political adjustments, the s moral stamina,, the religious steadj fastness and all those of more peri' maneht attainments than we know - in the innermost depths of conscious? ness are alone worth while, i' The figures represent a tremendous j indictment against the ^people f this f country in the mere matter of their l stewardship, a frustration,of the purs poses lor which wealth was intended ] tent-is enough to make us blush not 1 only but t be appalled by the one. sHecness of our heart interests ? s Concord Times. A THOUGHT Though he slay me yet will I trust j in him; but I will maintain mine own . ways before him. He also shall be my salvation; for i an hyprocite shall not come before L'|him.?Job 13-15:16 7\ 50 GOOD ' CIGARETTES j 10c GENUINE : "BULL" C 71TK DURHAM it * TOBACCO THE WXTAUC, 1 j "THE FULLNESS OF OUR DAY" j When every farmer in the South J r shall eat bread from his own fields' I and meat from his own pastures, and . disturbed by no creditors, and enslav-j .. ed by no debt, shall sit amid his teeming gardens, and orchards and vine. yards, and dairies anu barnyards, : pitching his crops in his own wisdom and growing them in independence, . making cotton, or other cash crops,: ;, his clean surplus, and selling it in! .; his own time, ana in his chosen , market, (through co-operative orderlymarketing association,) and not, at a master's bidding?getting his . pay in cash and not in a receipted j t mortage that discharges his debt, but j t docs not restore his freedom?then I sh-iil be the breaking of the fullness! of out day.?Henry W. Grady. It is greatly to their credit that before it was a demonstrated success the Raleigh banks gave encourage, ment to the farmers* co-operative movement. The Clearing House doi'lii rnt thai Kaon "entirely satisfactory" and declares for continued co-operation. Banks ire the heart of a community and Raleigh hanks have shown that their hearts beat in unison with the industry and hope of the formers. i mm- ummmm* j LOW PRI In the Hisl Ford Moto ^nassis jj Runabout || Touring . jj Truck Cha Coupe ; Sedan All Price? F. At these lowest with the many r. Ford cars are a day than ever b the time to pi for reasonably p Terms if Jj * J. B. T i>Ejj boon;-: and So" """ I "Slimy "When I feel stupid, get const!pa two of Black-Draught aad It lets mi Halclen nf P f It 0 C En all right, and have not used any oth< H of It 1 am a guard at the State fl IB or more years. When I first heard i BLACK-D Urer h I and (he good medldne it was, I h En I'd get up in the morning. 1 would I bad taste in my mouth, but didn't t I stupid and didnt feel Hke eating?ti I was then 1 began Black-Draught, ai Ea kind of work, ready to eat and sleef I take Black-Draught, and lor 25 ye wouldn't be without it at all. My n lot. 1 am out of doom, and fresh Sold Eve I *. A DEMOCRAT mJLSJ TURKISH tuT'iritrai Virginia UUMnl BURLEY r-Tutfs Pills-i j I Enable Dyspepiles to eat whatever I | I j they wish. Cause food to assimilate. | I Nourish the body, give appetite. | | ] DEVELOP FLESH | I rEST P17 c ' LLo r , 'i!t :ory or the j r Company || 269 ill . 298 I ?is 380 i;f . 530 1 . 595 1 O. B. Detroit !||| j How prices and ;w refinements, bigger value to- [ , efore. Now is your uruer v rompt delivery, desired. j jj,'3 AYLOR I; \LER VALUE CRUS1S |)L Ijr# asj: ? lii Taste" | led, or bilious, I take a good dose or jjjj 1 : straight," writes Mr. George B. | C. "it cleanses the liver and I feel Si i :r medicine as I do not see the need nn 1 [erormatory, and have been for three gg I RAUGHT | ledidne tad beea having a tired feefing when I be stiff and sore, and had a stay, S3 hink so much of it till I began to feel HI len i knew I needed medldne. It I id I feit aD made over, ready for any |jg i. So, tor any return of tills trouble, j are it has beea my medicine, and I I fork is constant i am oa my feet a I i air and Black-Draught ire ? the H to others ior I know His good." aywhere. 1 sr H wis 'IE IS' Literature Promised tcr the Lovers of Doys. B?me Probably as Worthy a ^lace In History as Any Human, but Whjo Shall Determine? It is announced from 1 oughkeepsle that Vassar college is to lnive a col- I lection of dog literature arid that it is to be called "The Mary Ann Collection. There will be gathered petlicr all the printed matter concerning dogs that can be found, says the Best on Evening Transcript. There Mill be books and pamphlets about logs, newspaper clippings, reprints? everything that has to do with lowser and Fide. Here the enthusiastic dog < lover may sit and reH'l for days about logs, llils is bound to be an interest i Ing collection and re arc sure it will i be ai her good feature added to Vus- 1 sar college, but It will probably con- J Arm the idea that some appear to ' have that a dog Is about as good as < a human being?which be Is not. He ts neither so good nor ao bad as some ' human beings, be Is just a dog and 1 has no more intellect than what ones ' fancy may credit him with having. Dogs are all right In their place, but ! the caresses lavished on tliem by some 1 and the gravity of attention *o their ! performances by others ere rather tin I pies sum than otherwise. Such thing? show that a. sense of proportion is lacking. Furthermore, dogs smell bad 1 and w?- ask you, kindly reader, whetn- ' er y have ever been ac?; ' with uny u < >.\e i agre< with Mali that merely because we I e not cognizant of a phenomenon ' is not imp sslhle. At this ! writiii-*. we do n>?t remember that the phih > pher made an;. study of the ! wash i ... of dogs, l?i:t we are sure that j I he would agree with us. We do not dislike doge. On the contrary, we like them very much, indeed, and for this reason would not make them ridiculous by seeing in them qualities and attributes that range ' theu: with Socrates and Casablanca. We think a good-natured, healthy dog Is a very good companion anil makes n (iintiuul UUJCVl lit me IHllUM'hJ?e. 11 Ik splendid to sec him charging hero and there, investigating everything, j I trying to frighten cats, finding mysteries ;n sticks of wood and old shoes ' or little dark places in the ground, j and then galloping back to you, his tnll aslant, a wide and honest grin > upon his face. He la soaked in cold, ' fresh air. the brisk sun shines upon him?he likes you, you like him, you | are both sportsmen and care lit tie for introapectlor, and tea parties and Bolshevism, and the coat of living. : Such a dog la a brick, a Signore and the real thing. never heard of Pan, he never will, but none the less j Ib the Intermediary of Call is to'8 son. He comes to you and by his cavort- ; Ings, his plain fidelity and his tnagnlfi cent digestion quite Innocently stirs Sti you hopeless dreuuis of being a happy, care-free animal. It cannot be; you are a human and must sweat with the j ordained travail of thinking. You may conceive from this that Bingo has rather the best of the bargain, but j remember that even he has had a bone or >??:ue toothsome hoard stolen . from iiiin. At all events, we must all i like and treat him friendly for he deserves It. * But lliere is another side to this picture Shrinks the sUYrighted gaze from Its conu inpiatMig, but to no purpose. It !s that of the dear little lapdog, the teeny. weeny Itty darling that snarls and gorges his way through a pampered and offensive existence. Is he any use? No. Can he do anything but overeat? No. Docs he cost a sum that would keep a ci4y editor In opera hats? Ik? dorts, the little mutt. Does his presence add to the sum of the world's blessings? Well, hardly But those who like him find in him an Intelligence far beyond that of a young intellectual nnd a sagacity beside which that vaunted ot B. Franklin seems slight Indeed. ! P?lms Explain Tick Eradication. From 1.0OO to 2.000 persons living In rural districts, often remote from railroad- and citie., are each week seeing government motion pictures dealing with the eradication of cattle ticks and related subjects. The bureau of anlnmi husbandry, United States Department of Agriculture, has a portable morion-picture outfit which Is constantly on circuits in parts of the South where preliminary tick eradication !s being conducted. Prellml nary work consists In the explanation of the purpose and benefits of eradicating cattle-fever ticks which In the past have taken an enormous toll from the live stock Industry. Depending on weather conditions and density of population, attendance ranges from 75 to 350. Showings are made during the day and evening. To many persons the government motion pictures are the first ones they have seen. With a Proviso. Supremely happy because they had Just become engaged, a sailor pud his *lrl sat contentedly hand In hand in the gallery of a music hall. "Bill," she whispered, giving his hand a little squeeze. "T am all In-all to you. and you are nll-ln-all to me. Will It always be so?" Tns." answered Bill, promptly. "All my life, from now till the second o* Jnne. and from the thtrd of November till?till death. In the time between the dates mentioned I shall be yachtln' 1ft the Mediterranean." Paire Thr?* 110,100,000 NOW U. S. POPULATION Research Bureau Says Lower Death Rate. Not Immigration, Makes Census Increase. WAY BE 120,000,000 IN 1930 Impossible to Calculate With Precision 1 Population of Country at Any Given Date Because of Lack of Statistics. New York.-The population of thai continental lulled States on January U 102a. was approximately 110.100,000,; according to a preliminary estimate! made by the National Bureau of Be? -" "'V *?cnrmvu Wi U'lS CUJ. illll shows ai? estimated gum of 4,rHX),UU0; dnce the data of the luat government L*?ilHuS. The figures are necessarily prelim- ( lxuurj? Bays the bureau, for the final census figure* on birth and deaths are Incomplete utter the end of 1920. However, enough data are available to show that since January 1, 11)21, the rate of increase iu population growth hub been accelerated noticeably, the present rat* approaching that of prewar years. This more rapid gain in population, according to the bureau, has been brought :ibout partly by increase iu net migration, out has been decidedly reinforc ed by u reduction in ttie death rale. 120,000,000 m 1930. At the present rate of growth, the population it- the 1930 census will reach 120,0t*\l\>0. It is impossible to calculate with precision the population of the country at any given dale, Mir statement of the bureau says, the reason being that in many states, births and deaths are not reported, and even in the registration area a very considerable number of deaths and slttl more births appear to escape being recorded, rtliere are presumably, also, minor errors in the statistics of liuinlgraiion. Because of the difficulties Involved, the census bureau has made its estimates of the population for the lntercensnl years on the simple a? uiii|uivi; i imt lur i hic ui (ruwiu u the samp hs in the preceding decade This census process, which Is termed a straight line extrapolation, has mainly Its simplicity to commtftd It, for, when applied, errors of consider^ ship sis* gradually accumulate as changing conditions affect population growth. For ezaiupla, the official method showed a population for January 3, 1P20, nearijr 2,000,000 greater than that given by the actual cenaae count on that date. Correcting the Difficulty. The method of procedure devised by the National Bureau of Economic Research to ?orre?*t this difficulty is rela tively simply. The number of hlrthft and deaths have been estimated for each half year and the Increase of tively simple. The number of births over deaths has l*?en calculated. This amount has been corrected by adding the excess of Immigration over emigration for each half year. The population for June 30, 1910, has been est!mated from n smooth curve, and figures hnxc then been built up for eacb half year until the census of 1920. The estimate thus arrived at for January 1, 1920, Is In error by approximately half a million, or only about one-fourth of the corresponding error resulting front the official method of estimate. The labors of the bureau In this regard have been under the Immediate direction of Dr. Will ford L King, formerly assistant professor of political economy of the University of Wisconsin, who has been enguged on this work since 1921. NEW MAP MAKES FLYING EASY War Department Announces Chart That Will Bo Valuable In CrossCountry Aviation. | Washington.?The War department announced completion by the air service of a new type o? aerial map, which Is expected to prove of great assistance to pilots In cross-country flying. Special colors are employed to mark' rivers and railroads and highways so that they can be Identified as landmarks from the air. Towns are shewn In the shape they would disclose to the eye of the pilot, and especially colored markings show landing facilities, with marginal aketches of the fields, also carried on the map. Steals Nine Cents; Jail and Fine. South Bend Tnd.?-Convicted n#-' stealing nine pennies from a news stand, George iiavls was sentenced to the penal farm for six months and' fined $500. The sentence was remit-, ted, and the thief turned over to the probation officer. Cow Has Twin Calves. New London, Conn.?John Morrls