PAGE TWO
| Land Stewardship
By GUY A. CABDWELL
Agricultural and Industrial Agent
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co.
The United State* Department of
the Interior, soil erosion service, has
a big job to perform. It is trying to
check soil erosion. By establishing
demonstration projects it is showing
how this can be done.
To arouse and sustain interest in
soil erosion and to secure owner-co
operation, and further to have a
record of progress, individual soil ero
sion experiment stations publish
monthly bulletins recording informa
tion of real value.
I am using a few items copied from
October issue of the Bannister River
Banner, Chatham, Virginia, where
one of the soil erosion projects is
under way.
Those who read this letter may
find the information of interest, and
it may cause some land-owners to
have a better understanding of their
responsibility as temporary stewards,
for land remains for the use of fu
ture generations long after our stew
ardship is ended.
America Is At The Crossroads
“America has not escaped periods
of storm and stress, since white men
first landed on the shores. Starva
tions, pestilence, and savage forays
played havoc with the infant settle-*
ments. Wars and panics have visited
the growing nations. Time and again
no man could say that national in
tegrity could be preserved, but none
of these misfortunes have menaced
the future of our people so much as
the deterioration of the soils. Wars
end, and nations heal their wounds,
panics pass and prosperity returns
but the erosion of the soil goes on
with the grim persistence of death
Hillsides are denuded of trees and
rains carry away the top soil, leaving
behind raw wounds that grow worse
with neglect. Rich bottom lands be
come practically covered with unpro
ductive soil from the hills and their
fertility lessened. In some cases,
sands reduce such land to sterile
waste. In the valley of the Staunton
River there lies the site of an old In
dian village, where at one time the
red men, attracted by its fertility,
established a permanent town. Where
in those days were rich com fields,
now sand bars cover the area, brought
in by the floods and freshets, ano
sand burs grow—nature’s last effort
to provide a protective cover.”
Protection Os Soil Vital
“That erosion takes place rapidly
on unprotected soil is so well known
that it scarcely seems worthy of men
tioning. However, the following fig
ures from the Statesville, North
Carolina, soil erosion experiment sta
tion show a marked difference in the
amounts of soil carried off of unpro
tected land, or land in cotton con
tinuously and on land in grass.
On a sandy clay loam on a 10 per
cent slope, the run-off of water on
unprotected soil amounted to 32 per
cent of the amount that fell and car
ried off 65 tons of soil per acre. On
land continuously in cotton there was
a 10 per cent run-off of water and
loss of 14 tons per acre. On a grass
sod the run-off amounted to only 5
per cent of water and .8 of a ton of
soil per acre. Bearing in mind that
there are approximately 1200 tons of
earth per acre, varying with the soil
type, in a 6 in. covering, and assum
ing a virgin soil of 6 in. in depth,
the following interesting facts are
apparent.
It would take 1500 years at this
rate to remove the top 6 Inches of
soil from such an area of grass. In
the meantime, it would be somewhat
offset by the formation of the new
soil. Assuming that an inch of new
soil would be gained every 400 years,
we would gain 3.7 inches new soil
during the 1500 year period. Thus,
actually losing 2.25 inches of soil dur
ing the 1500 year period.
Using the same basis of compari
son, unprotected land would be strip
ped of the top 6 inches in 18.46
years. Theoretically, there might be
a fractional gain but it would be safe
to say that unprotected land of this
soil type on such a slope would lose
the equivalent of the top 6 inches in
about 18 1-2 years. Os course, this
would not be a uniform stripping un
der actual conditions, but the land
lo3s in tons would be equivalent to it.
This may seem hair splitting to a
casual reader. We feel, however,
that the effort is justified. We pre
sent it to you in an attempt to fix in
your mind a definite picture of the
actual loss that has been and is go
ing on around us all the time.”
It was Ruskin who wrote:
“God has lent us the earth for our
line. It is a great entail. It belongs
as much to those who are to come
after us as to us, and we have no
right by anything we do or neglect to
involve them in any unnecessary pen
alties, or to deprive them of the
benefit which was in our power to
bequeath.”
I OVER 200,000 POUNDS COTTON
i CERTIFICATES SOLD IN GATES
In both Gates and Franklin coun
ties, the farmers are buying surplus
cotton certificates to gin their excess
production. Over 200,000 pounds of
certificates were sold in Gates County
last week.
♦
Certificates Transferred
Through County Agent
Legal traasflenence of cotton tax
! exemption certificates from one
grower to another must be made
: through the county (.gent’s office,
warns Dean i. O Schaub, of State
i College.
Illegally trtXJiXeirevi certificates
‘ will be cancelled,. he said, and the
cotton they were intended to cover
i will be subject to the Bankhead tax
of five and two-thirds cents a pound.
To protect growers from fraud,
speculators, or unfair practices in
the trading of certificates, provision
was made that all exchanges must be
1 made through the county agent and
at the rate of four cents a pound.
' Schaub pointed out that it is also
1 illegal to sell a certificate to a person
i who is not a cotton grower. How
• ever, it is permissible for ginners to
, go to the county agent and buy cer
tificates for a grower when the
grower gives him written authoriza
tion to do so.
When an illegal transfer is dis
covered, Schaub said, notice will- be
sent the collector of internal revenue
and other persons involved in the
transfer, including the «ounty agent.
* Schaub also said that every dollar
spent for extra tax exemption cer
tificates goes to help growers who
failed to produce the full amount of
their allotments.
The sale of surplus gives the un
der-producer a form of crop insur
ance by enabling him to realize four
cents a pound for that part of his
allotment he failed to produce. It
also gives the over-producer a chance
to sell his excess cotton without pay
ing the full amount of the Bankhead
tax.
* —-+
| Timely Questions On j
Farm Answered
*
Question: Should a laying mash
be fed to molting hens?
Answer: Molting birds require
just as much feed of all kinds as the
laying birds and, in most cases, they
need a little more of the protein ele
ments. In addition to the laying t
mash the birds should have a plenti- i
ful supply of oyster shell or ground *
limestone and grit before them at all
times. Animal proteins, greens and
succulent feeds together with the
laying mash will bring the birds in
to lay much sooner than if the mash
is left out of the ration.
Question: What is the best ration
for a dry cow during the winter?
Answer: No better practical win
ter ration for the dry cow can be
had than legume hay and com sil
age together with three to five
pounds of a grain ration containing
around 16 per cent protein. For the
last two weeks, before freshening the
grain ration should be restricted to
laxative grains such as wheat bran
and oats. Full directions for feeding
all dairy animals are contained in
Extension Circular No. 193, copies of
whieh will be mailed free upon ap
plication to the Agricultural Editor,
State College.
Question: Should lime be applied
to sour land in the fall or spring?
Answer: As lime is a slow acting
- agent fall applications will usually
give best results. Broadcast the
lime on newly plowed land and then
: run a harrow once or twice over the
' field to bring the lime in contact
i with the soil. The winter rains will
: cause the lime to seep into the soil.
■ The amount to apply will depend up
on the acidity of the soil and the
, crop to be grown the following year.
[ Farm agents will furnish a test and
, give directions as to the amount of
. lime needed.
Trade Reflects Heavy
Gains In Farm Income
►
The Associated Press reports east
■ ern business interests “considerably
> cheered because farmers will ‘dig in’
■ for the winter with a much fatter
i pocketbook than last year.” Farm
< income was reported by the Bureau
of Agricultural Economics to have
I totalled $662,000,000 in September,
• an increase of $81,000,000 over
* August and an increase of $108,000,-
, 000 over September, 193 b! Trade
observers find this sharp improve
i ment has been reflected in a substan
-1 tial increase in retail and wholesale
business, better collections than at
any time since 1930 and stronger
credit conditions in all major agricul
: tural regions.
5 Farm income in the first nine
: months of 1934 were reported by the
> bureau as $4,313,000,000, compared
> with $3,479,000,000 in that period
- last year, an increase of $760,000,000.
: ,The Associated Press financial edi
> tor in New York remarks that one of
the best business indexes—bank clear
ings—have shown consistent increases
in farm centers for several months,
5 averaging as high as 44 per cent over
a year ago.
Standard Statistics Co., Inc., esti
s mates total farm income in 1934 will
s aggregate $8,019,000,000, an increase
f of $1,763,000,000, or 28.3 per cent,
r over the total of $6,256,000,000 in the
calendqAyear 1933.
- .
THE CHOWAN HERALD. EDENTON, N. C., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 16,1984.
,Our Ovoft JFee'kly Cf*t\
Silk la Your Sewmf
.T-vSIs IC
••••
— - .«ini ■i. ——
% —A aeverv slept tr\ .
IT ' a^' ' r 'S dotue-jbor
I hope you don’t share a popular delusion that the Chinese are noted
4 chiefly for chop suey and hand laundries. Several thousand years
before they made those two important contributions to the great
American scene they gave us silk.
Legend has it that about 1700 B.C. Hoang-ti, third Emperor of China,
became interested in the lowly silkworm, or more particularly In the
cocoon that served as domicile during the period of its transformation
into a moth At his behest his 14 year old empress, Sing LI Chi, over
coming hei feminine aversion to crawling creatures, proceeded to cul
tivate uhe worms and soon discovered that the tiny thread out of which
they created their “retiring rooms” could be unwound and woven intc
garments.
It is gratifying to add that contrary to common custom, little Sing
Li Chi received credit for her “laboratory research" and has com<
down through the centuries as “The Goddess of the Silkworms.”
The meet valuable and closely guarded secrets have away of travel
ing, in spite of government decrees and dire penalties. The lowly silk
worm, which was once an individualist with a “factory output” limited
to its own needs, has become, willy nilly, a cog in many great collec
tivist machines. No longer may it dissolve the valuable fibres of its
cocoon and emerge to attain its natural destiny as a moth and a
mother, unless it happens to be one of the few chosen by its human
rulers to carry on its race.
But its rulers have increased its productive capacity to the point
where a single cocoon yields a quarter of a mile of fibre. They have
learned to wind the slender fibres, five or six together, letting their
natural gum cement them into a stronger fibre, to wind the fibres into
threads and to weave the threads into beautiful arid luxurious fabrics.
Sillt thread plays a part in every woman’s sewing. It is available
in every shade you're likely to wish.
Wt’en sowing silk fabrics on the machine use silk thread :n both
needle and bobbin so there’ll be no puckering. Woo! ar.d silk fabrics
that fray easily should have their ream edges bound with silk seam
binding, sewed on by hand as in Sketch A.
Silk threads come in twist size for buttonholes and in a still heavier
size for tacks as in Sketch B. When you’re hemming ve«y fine silk
material a silk thread can be split and a single strand used with a verv
fine needle.
| TEETOLEKS '|
V >
Much has been said and writ
ten about the proper environ
ment in the home being the rea
son for children using or refrain
ing from the use of strong drink.
An interesting fact coming from
Creswell may or may not be the
attitude taken by other parents.
William Barnes, living near
Creswell, is the father of seven
sons, and he has kept wine in the
home during the rearing of his
children. They could have tasted
wine if they so desired, but
strangely enough all seven of the
boys have never tasted wine or
any other intoxicating liquor. The
brothers are William Mitchell
Barnes, Harry Barnes, Charlie
Barnes, Earl Barnes, Lloyd
Barnes, Odell Barnes and Otis
Barnes.
Dates Set For Civil
Service Examinations
The United States Civil Service
Commission has announced open com
petitive examinations as follows:
Automatic 3-A addressograph op
erator, $1,440; F-l and F-2 addresso
graph operator, $1,260; graphotype
operator, $1,260 a year, departmental
service. Closing date, November 23,
1934.
Junior financial statistician, $2,000
a year, Securities and Exchange Com
mission. Closing date, November 26,
1934.
Steel plate engraver (picture and
vignette), $19.20 a day and $3.60 an
hour for overtime, Bureau of Engrav
ing and Printing. Closing date, No
vember 29, 1934.
Assistant engineman, steam-elec
tric, $1,680 a year, departmental ser
vice. Some vacancies to be filled at
$1,860 a year. Closing date, Novem
ber 26, 1934.
Junior parasitologist, $2,000 a
year, Bureau of Animal Industry,
Department of Agriculture. Closing
date, November 26, 1934.
Assistant foreman, brush factory
(solid-back, staple-set brushes),
$1,860 a year, Leavenworth peniten
tiary. Closing date, November 30,
1934.
The salaries named are subject to
a deduction of not to exceed 5 per
cent during the fiscal year ending
June "30, 1935, as a measure of econ
omy, and also to a deduction of 3 1-2
per cent toward a retirement annuity.
All states except lowa, Vermont,
Virginia, Maryland, Rhode Island
and the District of Columbia have
received lev than their quota of ap
pointments in the apportioned de
partmental service in Washington,
D. C.
Full information may be obtained
from the secretary of the United
States Civil Service Board of Ex
aminers at the post office or custom
house in any city which has a post
office of the first or the second class,
or from the United States Civil Ser
vice Commission, Washington, D. C.
GOOD MILK COWS
DESERVE A REST
__________ Q
The fact that dairy cows appar- c
ently live an easy life doesn’t mean >
their bodies are not taxed heavily by Q
the work of producing milk, says 2
John Arey, dairy extension special- S
ist at State College,
Milchers need at least six weeks |
of rest between lactation periods, he s
said, to give them opportunity to re- (
build their body tissues and bony |
structures. 0
During the first few weeks after o
calving, the cows usually give off in |
milk more food nutrients than is con- (
tained in the feed she eats. Conse- (
quently, cows should have a reserve <
stored up in their bodies during the (
rest period. A lack of it will restrict
milk production and impair their .
physical condition. '
Heavy producing cows, when on of- .
ficial test, often draw on the mineral ’
matter of their skeletons to such an <
1 extent that the bones break easily. ]
Such cows need a two-month rest so ;
1 they can rebuild their bony struc- !
ture.
During the rest period the grain ;
ration should contain a liberal supply .
‘ of minerals. The following i 3 sug- ;
j gested by Arey: two parts of com ■
meal, two of wheat bran, one of cot- ]
’ ton seed meal, two per cent of steam
bone meal, and one per cent of com- '
1 mon salt. These parts should be de
■ termined by weight and not by dry
> measure.
A sufficient quantity of grain
l should be fed during the rest period,
i together with good pasturage in the
- summer and legume hay in the win
• ter, so the cow will be in good flesh
at freshening time. Heavy milkers
- need more grain than average good
- milkers, which can get along with a
t moderate amount of grain if plenty
-of pasturage and legume hay is
available. I
i : ■ •" ~ ,M
r v* sy
. I Just Received Another Car Os 1
t ps
I Galvanized Roofing 1
!OSee us for your 5-V CRIMP, GALVANIZED |
ROLL AND FENCE WIRE. We also carry a full jg
line of JOHNS MANVILLE ASBESTOS and
PAPER ROOFING, HAY, GRAIN, SHINGLES,
etc. g
| BROWN BROS. » j
FURNITURE INDUSTRY MOST
NORMAL BASIS SINCE 1929
According to a survey just com
pleted by Dun and Bradstreet, the
furniture industry has gained enough
ground in the past year to establish
the most normal trading basis that
has been achieved since 1929. Sales
totals in August exceeded the 1933
figures, with small retailers making a
better showing than the department
stores and large establishments. In
some sections of the Middle We3t,
South, Southwest and Pacific coast,
many retailers with an annual volume
under $500,000 doubled their figures
of August, 1933, while increases of
26 per cent to 60 per cent were gen
eral. The widening of the* demand
DRINK I
Bottled Energy 1 ( L I
MILK Ijj j
NATURE’S OWN PICK-UP I
<J Do you suffer from fag? Here’s the rem- 1
edy! Drink a refreshing glass of Meadow |
View Dairy’s Milk. Taste its delicious flavor |
I and notice how quickly you feel like your old |
3elf again ... fit and fresh and clear-headed. |
That’s because it’s a perfect blend of vita- |
mins, minerals and proteins ... natural life- |
giving substances which foremost scientists |
say do most in restoring you to normal self. |
Ask for Meadow View Dairy Milk and you |
ask for “bottled energy.” Begin today!
. CALL 73-W I
1 Meadow View Dairy!
M. W. Jackson, Prop.
1 CALL 145 f
I :
I I
For Prompt and Efficient Service <:
3E on ::
| PLUMBING, ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES f
? ::
| AND RADIOS :
x «►
I Floars Electric and Plumbing Co.
| EDENTON, N. C. j
~‘x..xxxxxX"XXxx~:kxxx-x~x-x~xx~x-x-<“:“X-x~x~x~x~x~X“X~X''< 1
’ ! - -
since mid-September, according to
the report, gives evidence of making
the last quarter of 1914 the best ex
perienced in several years.
PLEASED AND DISPLEASED
Cotton growers in Wayne County
who have surplus production thi3
year are dissatisfied with the opera
tions of the Bankhead Act while
those who have more certificates than
cotton are highly pleased with the
Act.
START TERRACING CAMPAIGN
A terracing campaign to save their
good soil from washing away has
been started in Granville County by
a group of progressive farmers.