MODERN MASS
PRODUCTION ON
? AT FORD PLANT
Dream Of Henry Conies True , But
Figures Stagger Imagination
A million axle shafts, each one
exactly like the other 999,999 within
one thousandth of an inch ? four
million pistons fitting four million
cylinders with a degree of exactness
that all but staggers the imagination
? many more millions of drilled and
threaded holes, all placed with an
accuracy of location that is incom
prehensible to any but the mechani
cally or mathematically minded ?
and all these factors, combined with
other millions of parts manufactur
ed in widely separated units of a gi
gantic plant, meeting on an assemb
ly line to fashion a million automo
biles! This is the miracle that is
modern mass production, the mir
acle tha* was conjured up by Mr.
Henry Ford when he started his first
automobile assembly line.
The story of how it is possible to
make a million ? or *en million, or
twenty million, for that matter- of
any machine part, each one identi
cal with all its fellows, is a story of
measurements. Just as that storv of
measurements ^explains the ability
of the Ford Motor Company to pro
duce fifteen million Model T auto
mobiles, it also explains Mr. Ford's
ability to produce the Model A in
the same plants and by the same
methods that make possible the pio
neer Ford cars, vet at limits that are
from one fourth to one half what
they were on the Model T.
Today, in the Detroit plants, me
chanics who have never looked
through the eye-piece of a micro
scope are weasuring within limits
too fine for any unaided eye to see.
Model A parts machined to within
one ten-thousandth part of an inch
accuracy are all in the day's work.
Back of this precision are something
like a million gages that must be
kep . in correct adjustment at all
times, and many thousands of these
gages arc in constant use throughout
the Ford plants. There is no time
for hand-fitting of inaccurate parts
on the assembly line. They must
either fit the first time or they are
" valueless. Therefore, the parts must
leave the various machines which
fashion them with every specified
dimension correct. The result is
that when put together, the car
moves off the assembly line under
its own power, a completed means
of transportation requiring no spec
ial adjustments.
There 'are inspection and working
gages to measure outside and inside
diameters, lengths, widths, heights,
angles, pitch diameter and lead of
scr^w threads, which are in the
ha. N of workmen throughout each
day, ^ting and checking each part
as il passes from machine to ma
chine through the plant. But these
gages will wear or get slightly out
of adjustment under constant use,
therefore, they must be constantly
watched. So behind them must be
master gages, of greater accuracy,
for use as Standards. These master
gages, the product of C. E. Johans
son Division of the Ford Motor Com
pany are accurate within a millionth
part of an inch!
Throughout the Ford Plants in
spectors are moving constantly, each
with special hardened, ground and
lapped rectangular steel blocks ?
Johansson Gages. These gage Mocks
are in special sizes to meet require
ments of the workman's scrutiny;
making it unnecessary for inspectors
to make up combinations to measure
different dimensions of length. A
set of 81 gage blocks, such as is used
in the tool rooms, can be combined
to measure 120,000 different size
lengths, from three-sixteenths i.ich
to over twelve inches, and each of
the 120,000 combination gages rep
resent a variation of one ten-thou
sandth part of an inch which accurs
in that _ time. Others are adjusted
or changed at less frequent intervals,
as frequency of use and amount of
wear dictates.
In addition to their use in the pro
duction of Ford cars, trucks, air
planes and Lincoln automobiles, the
Johansson gage blocks are the stan
dard of the world for industrial pre
cision measurement of length.
N. C. WEEKLY
INDUSTRIAL REVIEW
RALEIGH ? Board of Conserva
tion and Development asks appro
priation of $50,000 annually for ad
vertising resources and attractions
of North Carolina.
V ASS ? Highway No. 50 will be
paved from this city to Lee County
line.
SOUTHERN PINES? S3, 000 new
cleaning plant recently installed at '
local cleaning and tailoring estab- |
lishment.
LEXINGTON? Industrial Build- I
ing and Loan Association organized j
here for Lexington and Davidson I
Counties. !
HIGH POINT ? Grading and ron- i
struct ion of bridges on Lexington i
Avenue route through here progress- i
ing satisfactorily.
WILLI AMSTON -Local light and I
power distribution system sold to j
Carolina division of Virginia Power
& Electric Co.. for $75,000.
CH ERRV VI LLE-r-Long Spinning j
j Co.. Cherryville. capitalized at !
$100,000, granted charter.
j ZEBULON ? Little River Ice Co.. j
enlarging and increasing business.
Reports show North Carolina has
total of 13.570.000.000 board feet |
saw timber in state. ? Hickory Daily |
Record.
HICKORY C. & N. W. Railroad ]
installing siding at site in North
J Hickory.
HIGH POINT ? Plans progressing j
for improvement of City Hall.
HIGH POINT ? New post office
building under consideration here. ;
BREVARD ? Large deposits of
soft quartzite suitable for glass man
ufacture found in Transylvania
Count v.
MURPHY ? Murphy Steam Loun
dry purchased by Raymond Hall
who will install new machinery to
increase efficiency of plant.
ANDREWS ? Activities in gold
mining area of Valley River section
of Cherokee County will start in
near future.
Annual output of farms and fac
tories of North Carolina over one
billion six hundred million dollars.
? Monroe Inquirer.
B Approximate!'.- 55,000.000 woiui
of furs shipped from North Carolina
during 1927 ? North Wilkesboro
Patriot.
ELIZABETH CITY? Plans pro
gressing for reconstruction of
Knobb's Creek Bridge.
ASHEVILLE ? Through bus srr
| vice inaugurated bv Independent
Coarh lino between here and Atlan
ta. Georgia.
COINJOCK ? Paving on State
highway through this cdujity pro
gressing rapidly.
ANCIFR ? New highway from
here to Wake County line practical
ly completed.
WILLI AMSTON ? Eastern Caro
lina Chamber of Commerce spon
sored recent peanut exposition held
here.
FOL R OAKS ? New building com
pleted for Four Oaks Bank.
PINE LEVEL ? Burned mill of
Pine Level Oil Co., will be rebuilt
in near future.
GREENSBORO ? ^ir passencer
service between here and Atlanta,
Ga., will be inaugurated in April.
WINSTON-SALEM? Plans pro
gressing for establishment (if 83,
000,000 home, hospital and recrea
tion place for aged, incapicitated
and indigent traveling salesmen,
near this city.
WILMINGTON ? Woodard & Son,
Richmond lumber dealers, plan to
(establish several large sa wmills I
along Cape Fear River in this vici- !
"i"'
FRIENDS WORK
TO KEEP POU
ON PRISON JOB
Say Great Record Made By Prison
Superintendent Warrants His
Re -a p poi ntm en l
The friends of John Ross Pou,
superintendent of North Carolina's
State Prison for the past four years,
in Cherokee County and throughout
the State, are working diligently to j
keep him on the job as head of the |
State's prison, since the announce- j
ment last week that Pou's place had j
been tendered by Gov. 0. Max Card- ;
ner to an old friend of Shelby, and j
the Shelby man had denied to accept, i
The news of the offered appointment
came as a surprise to the friends
over the state of Mr. Pou, who will
bring pressure to bear upon Gover
nor Gardner to reappoint him in
view of his wonderful record as
head of the Slate's penal institution.
.Pou's friends point out the fact
that there are only five other State
prisons in the United Slates operat
ed without cost to the taxpayers, and
the North Carolina prison stands at
the head of them all. This is due to
the business-like handling of the
prison's affairs by Mr. Pou during
the past four years.
The books of the prison, which
have just been audited, show that
Mr. Pou made the record breaking
profit or $146,550.35 for 1928. For
the past four years, the PROFITS
of the prison have been as follows:
1925, over $1,?,. 000.00: 1926, over
S29.000.00: 1927. over S67.000.00:
1928. over 8146,000.00. These prof
its, it is pointed out, are not "book
profits." but the prison actually has
S273.000.00 in fold cash in the bank
to its credit, with only a few hun
dred dollars outstanding in bills
payable.
In view of this outstanding rec
ord, Mr. Pou's thousands of friends,
as well as thousands of others,
throughout the State feel that he
should be re-appointed to the job
he has handled so wonderfully and
so economically for the State during
his tenure of office, and already a
stream of letters, telegrams and tel
ephone messages is being turned
upon North Carolina's new chief ex
ecutive urging the reappointment of
Mr. Pou.
Correspondence On
I . Chattanoosra-Murphy
Asheville Short Route
(Continued from page four)
Asheville, N. C.
Dear Mr. Miller:
T am in receipt of ropy of your
letter to Mr. R. H. Hart, Secretary
Manager of the Chattanoga Auto
mobile Club. Chattanooga, Tenn..
and am pleased to know that you
I and the people of Asheville are so
much interested in the completing
and hard surfacing of the extension
of Highway 28 from Murphy to the
Tennessee line. I think none of us
fully realize the great benefit that
western North Carolina will receive
from the completion of this road.
This road will be the gateway for
the people out of the Mississippi
Valley and the south west coming
into western North Carolina, as well
as many coming out of the upper
Mississippi and Ohio valleys, by the
way of Chattanooga into western
North Carolina. I have many in
quiries from northern and middle
western cities as to whether or not
they can come the short route from
Chattanooga, through Murphy to
Asheville, without having to come
by way of Atlanta.
Mr. Stikeleather is very much in
terested in the completion of this
road, and I truly hope that you, the
Asheville Chamber of Commerce, j
and other influential men of Ashe
ville will stand by him in securing
sufficient money from the state
highway department to complete
and hard surface this road at the
earliest possible moment.
I have been 'Corresponding with
the Chattanooga Automobile Club
for several years about getting this
highway opened and they have been
j exceedingly anxious to get this road j
open, so that they could get to Mur- !
phy and Asheville the very shortest |
way possible. There has been quite
a delay in selecting the meeting j
point on the N. C.-Tenn. state line.
That was settled something over a
year ago. and as soon as that was
done, the Tennessee state highway
department graded and hard surfac
ed their road from Ducktown up to
| the North Carolina line. Now it is
up to North Carolina to complete
their end of thp road.
\ our suggestion to Mr. Hart to
meet in Murphy is. I am sure a good
one. The unfinished part of the
road is in this countv. and it will
bring about much enthusiasm among
our people in this and adjoining
counties, and we would be glad to
have you and Mr. Stikeleather bring
a good delegation of Asheville bus
iness men and the state highway
commissioners from all over the
state, as possibly some of the com
missioners have never been over this
scenic road, and we think it vcrv im
portant for them to meet the Chatta
nooga people and have them explain
the great importance of completing
this road, and what it would mean
to western North Carolina. Chatta
nooga and other points in Tennessee.
When the Murphy meeting is
over, then thp Murphy people will
be glad to join the party to go eith
er to Asheville or Chattanooga.
There is another fact that 1 would
like to rail to your attention. That
is. that No. 10 f'.om Asheville
through Murphy is the most scenic
route leading out of western North
Carolina, to the south and south
west. There is no scenery in east
! ern America that surpasses that be
tween Bryson City and Murphy, and
( Tossing the Blue Ridge at Necl Gap.
There is some one in Asheville ad
vocating and broadcasting over ra
dio almost evcrv night, the road
from Asheville, by the wav of Frank- j
I in to Atlanta, claiming that it is 57 i
miles shorter. As a matter of fact, i
is is only 31 miles shorter, and as
vou know, there is no comparison j
in the scenerv. We would thank I
you to take this up with the Ashe
ville Chamber of Commerce and the
different hotels, and explain the
facts to the tourists, and not be par
tial to any one route. While the
Franklin route is the shorter, the
Bryson City and Murphv route is
the Scenic route. As you know, you
hardly know when you cross the
Blue Ridce at Rabun Gap.
Any time I can give you any in
formation from this section, or serve
you in any way, I shall be pleased
to do so.
Yours verv trulv,
C. W. SAVAGE.
'shorter route
FROM CAROLINA
IS POSSIBILITY
(Continued from page one)
127 miles from Murphy to Aslic
ville. The present route from Chat
tanooga to Asheville via Murphy is
212 miles. hen the river-level
route is completed the distance will
l?e 220 miles. The present route is
three miles shorter than by Knox
ville to Asheville which is 245
miles."
Murphy has alwavs desired a close
i connection with Chattanooga, and
had contentions with the state high
way department of North Carolina
to secure the building of the connec
tion between Murphy and the Ten
nessee line by Hot House, instead
of bv Turtletown. which brings it in
north of Ducktown.
"Already they are planning a mo
torcade in the early spring from
Murphy to Chattanooga, so Mr. Sav
age informed us." continued Mr.
Holmes. "Mr. Savage furnished us
with the following list of prominent
citizens of Murphy and Andrews, N.
C.. who have signed up to make the
trip: C. W. Savage, owner Hotel Re
gal: W. M. Fain, wholesale grocer
and president of the Lions Club;
Harry P. Cooper, mavor: J. W. Dav
idson. merchant: J. B. Storey, cash
ier of the Cherokee Bank: L. E.
Bay less, cashier of the Bank of Mur
phy; Dr. J. N. Hill, Ernest Hawkins,
representative in the legislature: D.
Witherspoon, attorney: G. H. Cope,
lumberman .
"Those from Andrews who intend
coming, according to Mr. Savage's
list, will be led^ by D. S. Russell,
mayor, and cc |on>r*iission
er of Cherokee c* "jjprge Hob
litzell. superintendei/ of the An
drews Tanning Extract company,
which is owned by the same people
that own the Marion Extract com
pany of Chattanooga; P. B. Ferebee,
president of the Citizens Bank; J. W.
Walker, president of the Merchants
and Manufacturers9 Bank. There
arc other towns along the route be
tween Murphy and Asheville which
will be represented. Those two
towns are in the same county. They
have felt like they have been neg
lected b\ North Carolina because of
no outlet to Chattanooga. The road
from Murphy to Asheville is a high
class road, and was three years ago
when Mr. Cline. Mr. Ilart and mv
self went over it.
"Already the highwav commission
has tilt route numbers up on the new
?rrade over which we went, and the
North Carolina number is 28. They
also have up their curve and danger
signs. We learned that Murphy is
1.610 feet above sea level. The
Southern railroad reaches it from
Asheville, and the Louisville & Nash
ville comes in from Blue Ridge.
Ga. Both are branch lines, but
make a physical connection at Mur
phy .
*4W e had met Mr. Savage before,
and found him just as enthusiastic /
about the road as when we first vis- /
ited with him. They are closer to
Chattanooga now than they are toj .
Asheville. and he was delighted to
learn that a survey ing corps of the
Tennessee highway dep a rt m e n
would begin on the Ocoee gorge
route after the first of the year
Yt hen that route is completed a goo
short commercial route will be e^
tahlished between Murphy, \. C"
Copperhill. Ducktown and
all in the Ducktown basin. he Pre_
tanooga. The route up tfnen and
will be level, but very b
Mr. Holmes and Mr.
Murphy at I o'clock and w b? held
to Atlanta. In describing vacancy
over the Blue Ridge mouifle routes
Holmes was very enthusi?f salanv
declared it was not prettiei^an^ar^
Kimsev mountains and oth^^ *s
around Chattanooga but it J'1*011"
tircly new to the Chattanoogan^11^
they gradually climbed the mOu
tain they could see the Hiawasse.
river diminishing in size until final
ly it became a branch. They passed
through Neat's Gap, with the moun- ^
tains several hundred feet higher on
either side of the gap. Th
e marker
on the pap showed that point was
3,400 feet above sea level. Plenty
of snow and ice was encountered on i
the mountain and in the pap. This f
portion of (lie mountain is the Blue
Ridge ioupe. Descending the mou
tain on the south side, they picked >
the liepinninp of the Chatlahooc
river, which flows near Atlanta.
"This road through the mountai
for miles without any liahitaf? |?
sight and only occasionally
a passing automobile. prov(s been
elation to us."' said \1^ ^3 _j,y
"Here is a route whig1, a ? 5"
wholly for tourists ^ to'
travel it and noJ> ' a ?om
it but a I >i?r ii^ .lich
owns mam lh^> .itain
acres. \ow. mind you". .. are
two routes from Atlanta to Chatta- /
nooga over which >011 can'l travel a /
half a mile without seeing a housed
and along which the towns and sety
tlements are five and ten miles apaiA
and on which very little hard pav
ing has ever been laid. The two
routes from Atlanta bv Rome and
Dalton extend through the most pop
ulated section of the 'goober-grab
ber state, and lias had less alfrac
tion paid to the roads than was giv
en the section up the wild mountains
of the northern part of the state,
where even the crows get lost be
cause they see no smoke com
ing up from the chimneys to guide
them to a corn crib. No wonder the
people of northwest Georgia have
had no roads to travel over. The?
state ignored them in providing fo
what few tourists they could enti.
to come out of Asheville that wa
to Flori'^-.
"We had a good trin from Atlan
ta to Chattanooga. There has no
been any rain for several days. Part
of the road by Dalton. which wet
not paved, were actually dusty. Bin
'here have been great improvements
made in the road between Atlanta
and the Tennessee line this past
I :? elve months."