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' lURSDAY. JANUARY 1. 1981 HroEAWAY VALLEY a handbook to Lumbee History POANOKE IN VIRGINIA”: HERE WE CAME FROM Virtually all my life. I’ve Brd aged Robeson Indians wer when asked where we e from that our ancestors Ine originally from ‘‘Roa- 1 Virginia.” Hamilton |.'Millan heard the same ling about 1864, or even ^lier. Vhat do our people mean il?” I once asked the late Brbeit Lowry, then past 70. . Lowry, despite the loss of "arm in a sawmill accident as 'oung man, served for more an 30 years as a law- forcement officer in Robe- County. He was one of the inty’s most-respected citi es and was present at the pite-Black-Indian riot at «s Neck Pond in 1913. As a ghbor of his for quite a few ■s, 1 had many occasions to [erview him. This I often did. BY LEW BARTON Knight of Mark Twain sometimes without actually telling him that was what I was doing. That way, I figured, he would talk more freely and more openly. Not that he ever objected to anything I happened to write about him from time to time. ‘‘Do you think our people might possibly be alluding to the city of Roanoke, Virginia or some place like that, Mr. Lowry?” I once asked. Mr. Lowry assured me that our people mean and have always meant the vicinity of Roanoke Island, in North CaroUna when they pass on that ancient tradition of ours. “Then why don’t they say Roanoke Island, North Caro lina?” 1 wanted to know. "Well, sonny.” drawled Mr. Lowry in his customary slow, careful and deliberate manner. “Roanoke Island was still in Virginia when our people left there.” "Oh, 1 see. In other words. Roanoke Island is in the part of Virginia cut off to form North Carolina. Right?" “That’s right. Some of our old-timey Indians still think of it as being in Virginia. Like I say, it was still in Virginia when their ancestors left there.” The older Indians of Robeson told Hamilton McMillan when he began his investigation in 1864 that Their ancestors came from ‘‘Roanoke in Virginia." McMillan tried to pin-point the area whence we came, inter viewing numerous elderly In dians on the subject and getting as many specifics about it as possible. McMillan wrote that our people applied this name to the section aiotind Pamlico Sound, in cluding Tyrell, Dare, Carteret. Craven and Jones Counties, of Ihe Outer Banks area of North Carolina. It is in this general area that Roanoke Island is located. (For fcontinuous read ing. see ROANOKE ISLAND, this Handbook). ROANOKE ISLAND Roanoke Island is located off the northeastern coast of Nor th Carolina and was the site of the first two English colonies in North America (1585 and 1587). It was also the site of the Amadas-Barlowe English expedition of 1584 when the first white people of what was to evolve into the present United States of America first encountered the Hatteras (also called Croatan) Indians and were befriended by them. Roanoke Island is situated in Croatan Sound between Albe marle and Pamlico Sounds. This historic island is ap proximately 12 miles long and has an average of 3 miles in length. It connects with the main-land by causeway and also by bridges. Its most prominent town is Manteo, named for the Croatan Indian leader who was knighted be cause of his friendly services to the English. Manteo is the county seat of Dare County which was named for Virginia Dare, the most famous baby in Amtiican history. Sir Walter Raleigh's expedi tion, led by Amadas and Barlowe, explored Roanoke Island in 1584. In 1585 Raleigh sent 108 male colonists under Ralph Lane to the island. There they established the ■‘Citie of Raleigh,” or “the new Fort in Virginia” for which th'e present state capitol was named. These Englishmen comprised the first English settlement on the continent. But after a soujourn of just 10 months in the New World, the discour aged colonists hitch-hiked (more or less) a ride back to England with the visiting fleet of Sir Frances Drake. Only 15 men were left to hold pos session of the fort. (See Lost Colony for continuous reading; see Roanoke, Virginia as well.) ROANOKE, VIRGINIA, CITY OF w.is ii..i incorporated as such until 1884. It should not be confused with Roanoke Island, North Carolina, once in Vir-. ginia, nor with the Robeson Indian tradition as to “Roa noke in Virginia.” The Algon- quian word Roanoke means “money.” The Robeson Indi ans of Hamilton McMillan’s day, almost illiterate because schools for them were not established until 1885, were still not generally aware of the fact that Roanoke Island was . no longer located in Virginia. Some of the oldest Indians still refer to the region as “Virginia” to the prgsent day. LOST COLONISTS Raleigh sent out still another group of English settlers in 1587. This time, the colony included women and children as well as men, and numbered 117. These, added to the 15 men from Lane’s colony, left to keep the fprt, would have brought the number of English colonists now in America to 132. But the skeleton of one . man was found. The other 14 were not found when the 1587 colony arrived. The City of Roanoke, Virginia Captain John White was PUBLISHED EACH THURSDAY I THE? xCAROLINA •ONE STOP SHOPPING FOR ^ YOUR OFFICE SUPPLY NEEDS. ^ •We carry a complete line of Art and School Supplies. •Miller Desks and Hon Desks & Chair •We also have a complete line INDIAN VOICE For All Your Office Supply Needs Visit Our Spacious New Quarters Located At The Revels’ Motel Complex, Highway 711 East. For All Your Office Supply Needs Call 521-2826. We Promise Reasonable Prices and Courteous Service. \ appuinteu uovernor of the colony, soon after the colony arrived, and the Lumbee (also called Croatan) Indians con tinue to refer to him as Governor John White to the present time. White’s daugh ter Eleanor, the wife of Annanias Dare, gave birth to Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the New World, soon afterwards. Too, Manteo was knighted under authority of Queen Elizabeth 1 and created Sir Manteo, Lord of Roanoke and Dasamonque- peuk. Soon after that. White re turned to England for ad ditional supplies. But the attack on England by the Spanish Armada and other conditions prevented his re turn to Carolina, as that part of the country is now called, until 1591. A Weekly Newspaper Published by Publishing Company, Inc. Buildrng Communicative Bridges In A Trl-racial Setting ” To Subscribe Send Check or Money Order (or Call 521-2826) to... THE CAROLINA INDIAN VOICE P.O. Box 1075 Pembroke, N.C. 28372 „„ . rates ARE: 1 Year In-State (North Carolina) $9.00 + 36c tax = Sd 36 2 Years In-State (North Carolina) $15.00 + 60c tax = Sisloo 1 Year Out-of-state 2 Years Out-of-State subscribe today 521-2826 TIm Caroiliui IndiaoVoke U.S.P.S. #978380 Established 1973 Published each Thursday by the Lumbee PubUehing Co., Inc. P.O. Box 1075 Pembroke. N.C. 28372 Phene 521-2826 2ND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT PEMBROKE, N.C. 28372 ROANOKE RIVER Roanoke River, also referred to by McMillan, flows through part of the present states of Virginia and North Carolina, generally in a southeasterly PAGE FIVE, THE CABQUN, INni.v VOICE Action, for about 380 „il„ eastern North Carolina it f“"'"*lbemarlo Sound.;: boauT “all M nri!:” White found the fort aban doned but according to a prearranged plan agreed upon by him and the colonists, found also the name of the place to which they had gone. One the gatepost were the letters C R 0 A T O A N. The abbreviated word - C R 0 - was also found. White inter preted this as meaning that they had gone to Croatoan (or Croatan). Wrote White who was disappointed “by the spoil” of his goods: “Yet on the other hand I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan which is the place where Manteo was bom and the savages of the Island our friends.” (For continuous reading, see CROATAN.) CROATAN ISLAND Croatan, as explained by White in his narrative, was “the place where Manteo was bom and the savages (Indians) of the Island our friends.” The original pronunciation of Cro atoan was Croa - toan, or Croato-Wan. Spoken. Jt. is a thrq.e-syllable word, but is not pronounced Croi-toan as some lave mistakenly suggested. Naturally, the Indians had no spelling for the word, having no written language, and the colonists had no standardized spelling as we have today. They simply spelled Indian words the way they sounded to the particular hearer. Thus it is that we often find Indian words spelled several ways during the colonial period. The Indians did not spell at all, as a rule,, having no written lan guage. Added to this is the tendency of the English to Anglicize everything Indian and to abbreviate. The fbsult is a confusion of spellings that sometimes mystify the resear cher. Take the name Roanoke, for example. The earliest Whites in the area, hearing the Indians pronounce it Row an - o - ack, spelled it Roanoak. But the English soon changed that through usuage and the word evolved into what it is today, ie, Roanoke. But other Indian words must have com pletely confounded the colon bts, words such as the Algon quian Dasamonquepeuk (Da sam - mon - qwee - pe ok). We must remember that Indian words, were as strange to the English as English words were to the Indians, at that time. MY DAYS DOWN HERE by Lew Barton My days down here are numbered now- Much more now than before. It won’t be long’till I move off To other mystic shores. My days down here draw to an end. And what have I to show? I’d like to know before I go Just what my life portents Portents for all the days ahead Because of changes wrought. I’d like to know in some small way, I’ve some few blessings brought. I’ve played the maverick, that’s true, I’ve called a spade a spade. I’ve had my say and paid the I’ve lived, I've loved, I’ve won, I’ve lost. I’ve dared to be just me. I’ve seldom paused to count the cost Of being right or free. Oh, yes, I’ve erred- I’m sure you know- But only dead men don’t. I’ve done the things I had to do I’ve said, “I’ll try,” not My batting average? Not too bad! Though I’ve struck out at times. I’ve put my pen to paper when The pay was less than dimes I’ve touched some minds. I’ve reached some hearts. I may have touched some souls. .I’ve moved some men to try lagain When they had lost controls. I’ve often held their hand. I've quelled their dried their tears And helped them understand. I ve preached; Be proud! Be strong! Stand tall! I've sworn it cimid be And God has suffered me to see Some mighty battles won. Yet this one victory for me I’d see before 1 go; It matters not what we are called. So lohg as we are called I care not what we mai be called So long as we ate called ....Brothers! I've had my day here in the S'.m But also walked by night, And of the greatest battles won, 1 won without full light. I've walked alone at times, of course. But who has not done that? I’ve sometimes walked amidst some frowns. Without a friendly pat. But I have bathed in human warmth And closeness, too, it seems. When 1 was farthest away From my elusive dreams. And so I'll go without complaint When my last day arrives. I’ve been a sinner and a saint, But always much alive. I've filled by lungs with God^s fresh air. I’ve exercised my will In freedom till 1 had my fill. Though days be dark or fair, I ask what more, then could 1 ask? Has not my God been good? I’d not retrace my steps down here Again now if 1 could. L.B. Christinas Day 1980 A CHRISTMAS RAFFLE ■ I ■ B I The Mt. Airy Jaycees held their annual Christmas Raffle last Wednesday night. Dec. 17, 1980, at their regular weekly meeting. They would like to congratulate the three Pictured above is, from left to right, Ist place winner, Mr. Bobby Thompson of Prospect; 2nd place winner - as Mr. James Strickland of Pem broke, N.C.. Mrs. Strickland accepted for her husband. Our 3rd place winner was Mr. Michael Gavaghan of Lum- berton, N.C. Pembroke Eye Clinic College Plaza (across from P.S.U. ) Tuesdays and Fridays only (8;30 - 5:3^ Dr. John Adams, Optometrist Mrs. Helen Lowry, Receptionist Tel. 521-9744 Office Tel. 628-8316 for Emergency and Other Days ,Dr. Harold Herring, Fairmont Eye Clinic or Tel. 521-9931 - Mrs. HeJ''.? Lowry Mr. James Fuller Locklear was chairman of our raffle. We would like to congratulate Mr. Locklear for a job well done. Thanks James. We also would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who bought ? tickets. Proceeds from the raffle will go for needy families at Christmas time, and to the Mt, Airy Jaycees Buildjng Fund. The Mt. Airy Jaycees and Jaycettes would like lo wish everyone a Happy New^Year and hope they liad a Merry Christmas. HdpliEep Red Cross ready Wins Turkey OXENDME brothers FURNITURE Hwy. 711 East-Pembroke For Your Convenience we are Open from 5 p.m. til 9 p.in. Five days a week; Saturday, from 8 a.m.-9 p.m. Quality furniture AT LOW PRICES: *Craig In Dash Stereos ’^’Living Room *Dining Room *Bed Room Nelson locUeai. sod of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Locklear (rf Pembroke, was lucky enough to win a turkey in the Utest turkey shoot held annually by the Pembroke Jaycees*
The Carolina Indian Voice (Pembroke, N.C.)
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Jan. 1, 1981, edition 1
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