Native Intelligence:
Native American Studies University of California, Davis
victory ui his efforts to have the
North American Free Trade
Agreement pasted by the U.S.
t ongress But ut reality he has lust
How'
rheU S CooatituUoa absolutely
rcaatretftutauy treaty obtata a 2/3
.imimattve role ia the U S Senate
That airaat that NAFTA had to yet
6# votes Bat NAFTA pot only 61'
So NAFTA is act law1
Bill Clinton loot an oath to
uphold the U.S. Coast Not ton. as do
U S Senators, aad all are boond bv
its provistoas Of course. CltMon s
people claim that NAFTA is sunptv
an ' agreement' aad not s treaty,
but that is just semantic trickery A
formal agreement between sovereign
nates inations) is a treatv Thai t
what the word treaty means You
can call such aa apreemeni a
declaration." a "convention, or
whatever you want, but if it is a
formal apreement between
sovereigns it is always a treaty and
the U S Confutation requires a 2/3
vote for ratification Sixty-eight
voles, not 61!
The genocide treaty was called
the Genocide Convention but ii
required a 2/3 vote hi lite Senate to
We know that ex-Presidcui
Geurpe Bush and bis negotiator*
designed NAFTA to be a treatv
because N AFT A purports to be abic
to nullify the laws of the United
States, of the fifty states, and of local
governments if they confttct with
ihr provistoas of NAFTA. Tin*
means that NAFTA becomes a pari
of U S law. part of the "supreme
law of the land "
But according to the U S
Constitution, only a treaty ratified
by a yes vote of 2/3 of the U.S
Senate can bec ome pan of U S law
A so-called ?'agreement '. w hate* er
?Iwt might be. can have no legal
force wMhis the Uided Stales
The House and Senate , by sunple
m^ontv rate, caaaot pass a ua?
which nullifies slate sad local laws
and ordinances, except m cairn*
subject area* where the ConMMntwn
grants the federal government
supremacy las ia foreign affairs,
defense and the like I Thus NAFTA
as a simple law of the Senate and
House cannot achieve its otaectives.
Only at a treaty ratified by Zfi of ihe
senators with a yes rale can NAfTA
achieve its objectives of nullifying
oar federal system of government
The newspapers tell us that
NAFTA has won Their reporters
apparently don't read the
Constitution What can we do ' '
Obviously some organization,
state government city, tribe or a
combination of the above must go
into court to have NAFTA declared
inoperative, ot obtain a writ against
its being implemented in January
l*M4 Organized labor should take
the lead, out Mate, provincial, local
and tribal governments should be
equal I v concerned about the
threatened loss of the powers of self
government posed by NAFTA
Tribes and some territories
should also note that NAFTA does
not appear to refer to their legal
existence Native governments as
well a? the territories of Guam,
-samoa and the Virgin Islands are not
included in NAFTA except under
ihe umbrella term of 'local
gov emmeius or as stmpl v pan of the
"customs lemtory " ot the U.S. Of
course, tribal and territorial
governments are not "local"
Thus it is very important that
? tribal and temtoriaJ governments
and the Associated Free State of
Puerto Rico seek to have the courts
declare NAFTA to be inoperative
within their territories without the
specific consent ol their governing
hod ic
rat of allowing iIwikIwi to be
categorized * imply u "local"
governments, and at having their
sovereign powers drastically
diminished. (Slater, provinces and
territories also fcce the same Iota at
self-government, of course)
Ln addition, tribal and band
dec
w ithout effect within then tenitcnes
and on any lands to which they
possessaclaMMe.g..lhe Black Hills).
One objective might well be to
force the U.S.. Canadian and
Mexican governments to agree to a
renegotiation of NAFTA in which
all international agreements relating
to the rights of indigenous peoples,
women, children, ethnic minorities
and labor can be incorporated into
the treaty Moreover, ooe might wuh
to demand that any new NAFTA be
accompanied try a North American
Parliament with elected delegates,
including representation for tribes
and indigenous communities
After all. NAFTA is supposed to
be patterned after the European
Economic Community, but the EEC
also has the European Parliament
NAFTA is now lo be run by people
who are not elected but simply
appointed. That isa big difference to
think about!
Bui of course, election means
nothing either unless indigenous
governments, women and ethnic
minorities are guaranteed
representation, lit any case, maybe
people should think about these
options and not give up.
Professor Jack D Forbes.
Powhatan-Delaware, is the author
of Columbus and Other Cannibals.
Africans and Native Americans and
other books.
Pembroke State's Class of '54 Was a
Pivotal Class in School History
Thirteen members of the IV54
Pembroke State College IVM
graduating class of 28 members
gathered at what is now Pembroke
State University during homecoming
on Feb 26 and reminisced about how
their class was such as pivotal one in
school history
The reason In If54. the U S
Supreme Court passed a law
desegregating all public institutions
What had been started as an dl Indian
school here was then it> ope n it.-. di k <r s
to all races "'J?*
However. Pembroke Stale College
had taken steps to do thai before the
Supreme Court ruling
At the Class of '54 reunion.
Adeline Lowry Maynor. who resides
in Lumberton. fold how Christian
White of that class "was the first non
Indian student to graduate from
Pembroke State College'. meaning
this white student preceded the
supreme Court mandate
White wasrealh a minidei who at
the time pastured the First United
Methodist Church of Pembroke, bui
had not earned his college deutee
Maynor said she thinks he now lives
in Burlington
The other class ol 54 members
said there was no problem a? far a?
we were concerned about white
students beginning to enroll ' Thev
uud several white wivesof professors
took claaaes.' * It was no big deal w ith
us." commented Adeline Lowry
Maynor
President of the college then was
Or Ralph Wellons. a lormet
missionary to India "I think he
believed lie was hill doing missttm
work with us." smiled one class
member Wellons also taught
philosophy and was described at the
reunion as "a builder " of the school
White students were allowed to
enroll, but the Class of '54 members
satd the campaign lo achvelv recruit
white studentsdidn t really begin until
Dr Walter Gale became college
president in '56
The PSC enrollment in the spring
ol '54 was 142 In contrast, the
enrollment this academic seat .u
Pembruke State Umversttv is ? tM.<
* ith approximate! v 65 percent being
white students. 24 percent Indian, and
II percent Black The numbei ot
administrators and tacultv members
totaled 22 in 1954
Officers of the C lass of 54. all of
whom were present at the reunion,
were President of the student council
-Manin Lowrv. Presidentot the Senior
Class-Delton Ray Locklear t who
organized the reunion i. Vice President
of the Senior Class-Eyrtle Ransom,
and Secretary-Treasurer of the Senior
Class?Mabel Moore Cummings
Martin Lowtv was also editor of The
Indiaqhcad. Grace Dial Locklear was
associate editor, and Eyrtle Ransom
was business manager All still live in
Pembroke except tor Martin Lowry
who resided in Glen Bumie. Md.aiid
C unttniays. whose address is Max ton
One of the class members was
Leslie Locklear of Pembroke, who
said he' was the first athlete recruited,
having m> room paid fur two years
A member of the PSl) Athletic Hall of
Fame Locklear plaved baseball,
basketball and football As a baseball
intieldei he was described by PSl1
C hancellor Joseph Oxendine as
hav ing an arm stronger that of Phil
Rtzzuto ot the New York Yankees,
who ha> iuss been chosen to the
baseball Hall of lame His arm
would have put Rizzuto sto shame."
said Oxendine
' Uelus >mawley a graduate of
Appalachian Slate I'm versiiy. headed
the physical education program and
was a tine coach said Dellon Ray
Lockleai The Braves' athletic teams
played the Appalachian Jayvees plus
Campbell. Lion. Pfeiffer. Wing ate.
Loutslwrg. Newberry, and several
serv ice team*
"The onlv trouble we had was
getting food.' insetted one class
member, re temng to how Indians were
not allowed m most white eating places
in that segregation era
On a happier note, the class
reminisced about Sadie Hawkins
Dav' being held on the campus each
tall with the girts chasing the boys,
and bow evervooe gathered after lunch
to sit on a white bench built around a
Ktree near Old Main "Everyone
everyone else We were one big
happv family." the class members
agrees
Chancellor Oxendine brought to
tltr ieuiiton some recorded music of
(he PSU alma mater. Hail to PSU."
and four members of the Class of '54
joined to sing it. They had formed
what the v claimed to be the first quartet
to sing the alma mater when the song
was first written by Ira Pate Lowry
and his wife Reba. both of whom are
now deceased. Making up the quartet
were Erytle Ransom. Grace Dial
Locklear. Adrene Carter Locklear.
and Martin Lowry
"It is good to have someone to
sing lb? alma mater and sing it rlgtrt "
smiled the chancellor, who told the
Class of '54: "It is good to have you
here I want to encourage you to keep
the tie to PSU and the tie to one
another. It makes no difference what
year you graduated than PSU. We
still feel this is the tie that binds us
together regardless of how old we ate
The University is proud of you, and
we want vou to continue to be proud
of the University. It is good to have
you back on campus, and I hope you
have a good day "
As one looks through the Class of
'54 yearbook, an aerial picture of the
campus in those days stands out The
only brick classroom or administrative
buildings were Old Main. Sampson
Hall, the old gvm. Moore Hall, and
Locklear Hall, the growth since then
has been phenomenal, as one person
described it
Prices have changed, too. A
member of that class told how she and
others could " go across to where the
Exxon station is now located and buy
a baloney sandwich. Pepsi, and piece
of cake-all for a quarter''
There have been ether changes
like the college's mandatory chapel
"We all had assigned seats in the
auditorium in Old Main. And Berteen
Prine (secretary to the president! and
Inez Freeman (bookkeeper) would sit
in the balcony and check to make sure
we were all present", one class
member said
The class of'54 had many students
of different ages because several had
been in the service and others had
resumed theirstudies from high school
days Of the 28 in the class, five are
deceased But of the 13 who gathered
here Feb 26. there was great joy as
they recalled incidents of' those good
old days "
I
nw da ?f 'U m to 4ft* mmim m NmMmkt Stm Ikdmd*: 1+ to ** f*m raw*. Admm Cmrnl
UMmt. Gtmit Did LmkUm. Lmrdmt C Mtgmm, AddMt Umry M ?*w? MaM Nwtl
Cwwfcn<t frw**.'*?r< mi tmfm4LmMm,LmDtUdllimtMmnC Did, Mm*m L Umry. Eyr*tI
g. Bm?tm,mdDdtmB*irl iiMwr. mm HaMrtiNaiw^ M^wr, ntuwHal
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)
Pembroke
KiwUlg
Report
The weekly meeting was held at
the TownandCounBy Restaurant with
Ortait ft*. | i . | | . , gr a r4? i ? ? [)m^
litsKiCBi duouv tMfii pre^kiiiftg. lit*
Bell presented Lt Gov. Steve Riggio
of the Lumberton Ki warns (Tub "The
Carotins District has funded and
developed an educational program
designed to help educate young
children ages 5 and younger about the
dangers they encounter daily
Accidents ate tilling our children more
than diseases. We nave developed a
coloring work book to assist our
children mote than diseases Wehave
developed a coloring work book to
assist our children to become aware of
these dangers And to help adults to
get across to children the sen sis Even
riding their tricycles, plav in their
yards rather than the streets. They can
color these little boys and girls in
observing safe play practices Stop,
be sure no cars aie coming before
crossing the street. Always stop at a
red light. Buckle up your seat belt.
Hold the tailing in climbing stairs,
don't ran. walk If smoke is in your
room, crawl out If you catch on fire,
stop, drop and roll to put it out Always
pick up toys, so you won't fall
Let a grown up help take your
bath Stop, wait for a grown up if you
climb. Only put things in vour mouth
vou know are safe to eat or drink The
booklet includes immunization charts
and telephone numbers for police,
fire, ambulance, poison control centet.
doctor, mom at work, father at work
and neighbors. These booklets are
available for all children from
Pembroke Kiwanis. Just call Buddy
Bell Invocation. Vardell Swett: Song.
if Lowry. Reporter Ken Johnson
v<s ii v.
f Your Bible And You 1
* 1
U your Christian experience more
like i txi bbl mg brook or a placid lake?
Perhaps you nave never thought of
your relationship to Chh* in this
manner, but why not spend a few
minutes asking yourself about it"
Probably the moat well known
example of the "bubbtmg brook"
Christians are the Jesus people of the
seventies! Their enthusiasm tor their
Lord was overwhelming You may
recall when Jesus buttons, bumper
stickers, and pastors wereevcrywhere
Do you remember the reaction io your
church whan young people in hippie
dress dropped by just lo say "God
Loves You?" People talked about
their God in glowing tones punctuating
every conversation with "Praise the
Lord" and "Glory to God "Can you
recall the excitement, the fervor, the
intensity'' What an example of the
"bubbling brook" Christian!
Perhaps you know some placid
lake" Christians Those whose
relationship with Jesus goes deep,
whose presence in the church help lo
stabilize the congregation The
"placid lake" Christians are the ones
thai we might turn to when life deals
a mighty blow and we stagger because
ofit. These precious warriors are well
grounded in the faith. They have come
through some hard times,we at he red
attacks from the Devil and held fast to
their belief in die Almighty1 Their
calm exterior mav lead some to think
they ate spiritually dead, but there is
power in direct relationship to the
depth of their experience with Jesus'
Which type of experience do you
have with the Lord, bubbling brook or _
placid lake'' Is your Christian life
filled with excitement and wonder, or
dues vour God speak to you in the
quietude of a peaceful morning ' We
need both kinds of Christians in our
church families Each fill different
needs of the body of Christ Each
reach out to a dying world in a di ffcrent
way. but each gain their power from
the Source - Jesus Christ!
Perhaps we each need a little of
both the "bubbling brook" and the
"piacidlake"inourownrelatioaship
with Jesus. Ifweonlyhavea "bubbling
brook" experience it may be that the
fierce winds of cynicism could blow
jut shallow waters out of the banks
and change the course our stream
takes Ifweonlyhavea "placid lake"
experience it may be that become
stagnant and dormant, neglecting to
take in new promises of life from the
Redeemer's lips. Bubbling brook or
placid lake Both are good, both
needed. Praise God for His presence
in your life and never take it for
granted! Jesus is coming soon and we
oust prepare!
uemery - Lockle?*r,j
IIr?AAin^ tn behela
\ The family ofRev. Margaret Faye
1 Demery of Pembroke unJ Western f
Lock/ear of Shannon, SC. announce
>heir upcominit marriage on
HUurJay. Hunk / Wi. W4 at J.00
The ceremony m ill lake place aI
ike Pembroke Church of Coil.
Pembroke, \orth Carolina. The
public ia invited.
otou^I
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