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V Editorial and Opinion tPage Along the Robeson Trail by Dr. Stan Knick, Director PSU Native American Resource Center At Thanksgiving, Christmas and other occasions when large groups of people gather to eat, a roasted turkey is a common sight They arc large birds, so they feed a lot of people, and they are relatively easy to cook. Twenty minutes per pound at 350 degrees, in a covered pan with some salt and pepper, will yield a delicious and healthy food that is distinctly American. Of course turkeys arc nothing new to Native Americans. One of the most common types of bones found in the fire pits and trash pits of ancient Indian archaeological sites is turkey. Turkeys had been present in the Americas for so long prior to the coming of Europeans that the birds had spread themselves out and diversified into three separate wild species. The oldest of these was Meleagris crassipes, which was common as Tar back as the last Ice Age (the Pleistocene). This mediumsized turkey species seems to have disappeared by about. 3,000.ycarsago. In the Yucatan Peninsula, in sou them Mexico and Belize, there was (and still is) the Oscillated Turkey (Meleagris oscellata). This version of the turkey has orangc-rcd bumps on its unfeathered blue head. It was eaten extensively by ancient Maya Indians (the Mayan wordyucatan means "land of the deer and turkey"). But the common wild turkey which inhabited a much larger portion of North America is Meleagris gallopavo. These birds, which arc further subdivided into six geographical "varieties," filled the woodlands from the Great Lakes to Central Mexico. The Eastern Wild Turkey, familiar here along the Robeson Trail, has long been a favorite food for Indian people. It is similar to the white-feathered domestic turkey, but it has a more "slender body and rusty-tipped (never white) tail feathers. The feathers of the wild turkey are (and have been) used in making traditional dance and ceremonial regalia. These Eastern Wild Turkeys, whose favorite foods in the forest are acoms, fruit and seeds, do not tend to be tamed easily. That is, even if you hatch their eggs in incubators and raise the birds in pens, they will seldom stay around human beings for more than a year before they decide to fly away and never come back (unless you clip their wings or in some other way prevent them from flying). Wild turkeys also don't like to breed in. captivity, although some people have crossed them with domestic turkeys in order to have a "wild-colored" turkey i around the barnyard. I However, some early accounts of | European travelers among Native < people in the Eastern Woodlands 1 describe wild turkeys kept in or near Indian villages. Young turkeys, i captured in the wild, were sometimes 1 used by Indians as decoys to attract the 1 free-ranging birds of their species. But i perhaps because there were so many i wild turkeys in the woods, Indian 1 people ^nparentlv never actually had I 8g8? " 1 I to domesticate the birds in order to have enough of them to cat. One authority says that ten million turkeys lived in what is now the U.S. before European contact ('/'/it' Wild Turkey: lis History and Domestication, by A.W. Schorger; 1966). Among the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest, and some Indian people farther south, turkeys were (and arc) also important, and some of these Southwestern Wild Turkeys we're intentionally bred by Indian people. Wintcrclothcs.suchas robes, were made from woven turkey feathers. Turkey bones were used for making whistles, flutes, beads and awls. In 1540, the Spanish conquistador Coronado was given to believe that the Zufli Indians did not even eat the meat of the turkey, but used them only for their feathers. Several Spanish explorers remarked about large flocks of turkeys with various colors ? red, white, brown and black, some with purple, blue and red on their necks. One of the most famous Aztec nilcrs, Nel/.ahualcoyoU of Tcxcoco, required his subjects to bring tribute of one hundred turkeys per day. The great Moctczuma demanded tribute of one turkey per villager every twenty days. So the next time you have turkey ind dressing for dinner, consider the ong and varied history of this majestic Native American bird. For more nformation, visit the Native \merican Resource Genter ih Old vlain Building, on the campus of Pembroke State University. Speaker of the House critical of local candidate Dear Ldilor I recent I v read an article tn'voui publication where a Democrat candidate fortltc NorthCarohnaHousc of Representatives has been quoted as saving. "Things have been quite hectic under Republican leadership due to their lack of experience in handling leadership roles and acli\ ittcs We arc used to. in campaign tears, what i would term irresponsible political rhetoric, but this is bevond belief This is a perfect example of a member of the former majorilv parts in the House who now finds himself with little influence and 110 power His comments have all the elements of a whining child I would agree that changes were made 111 the operations of the House due to observations and experiences that the current Republican leadership has absorbed over the vcars As opposed to the lackadaisical drift that characterized prev ious sessions of t lie House, in the 1995 session we appointed committees days two of the session (instead of socializing for two or three weeks after getting started), major legislation was introduced and passed the House the first week of session (see abo\c). no sessions went beyond 10:00 p.ni. (previous sessions saw legislation drafted on the floor at 2:00 and 3:00 a.m. in the morning wheiMcmpcrs were short and minds numbed b> lack of sleep) In closing. 1 think the voters of House District 85 should be aware that they arc going to be bombarded with half truths, hot air and misconstrued impressions of the current Republican leadership. I hope this letter will clear soini: of that up and alert the voters to what is really going on in Raleigh Sincerely Harold J. Brubaker Speaker of the House Raleigh, NC Fantastic News for Arthritis Sufferers! The Amazing New Dr.'s Cream Dr.'s Cream; an innovative, dual-action pain relief formula containing capsaicin developed by a group of Doctors specifically to relieve the suffering and nagging pain of Arthritis, Rheumatism, Bursitis and Muscular Aches. Available at your local pharmacy. .. To order direct, send $9.95 lor one jar or $17.95 for two jars (Save SZOO) to: DAPAT Pharmaceuticals 5040 Unbar Drive. Suite 102-A Nashvilte.TN 37211. " .P. __ FIRST AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS The Carolina Indian Voice Newspaper Connee Brayboy P.O.Box 1075 Pembroke N C 28372 (919)521-2826 (919)521-4611 Ollice Home ? n r? t ? r? r> r? ? CHOOSE TRADITION y NOT ADDICTION IittSBSBf-; * tssesssx ; I Vitute* <uut SKUn&U*4HeK^ | FEATURING CARNELL LOCKLEAR (L) OF PEMBROKE, NC | | AND BILLY JO BURNETT (R) OF NASHVILLE, TN | J SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1996 J | 6:00 P.M. V j j AT THE CUMBERLAND COUNTY j j ASSOCIATION FOR INDIAN PEOPLE j j FAYETTEVILLE, N.C. j | "fieK^TCriRE $20.00 PER PERSON. j | ' FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT MAXINE * | JONES AT (910) 425-8876 OR CARNELL LOCKLEAR < f AT (910) 521-0495. t PLEASE AVOID "ELECTIONS FRAUD" f TEN (10) GUIDELINES FOR I "HONEST ELECTIONS" I "REGISTERED", QUALIFIED" VOTERS OF ROBESON, HOKE, AND SCOTLAND COUNTIES-DISTRICT 87 THE HONORABLE FRANCES M. CUMMINGS IS YOUR WISE AND SUCCESSFUL STATE REPRESENTATIVE SINCE 1992, ELECTED BY DEMOCRATS, REPUBLICANS, INDEPENDENTS. DENOMINATIONAL CHURCH MEMBERS, AND "MINISTERS OF THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST." 1. PLEASE "VOTE WISELY" AND "PROVE YOUR WISDOM." 2. BE WILLING TO EXERCISE YOUR "MORAL PRIVILEGE" AND "LEGAL RIGHT" AS A "WISE, COURAGEOUS" VOTER. 3. BE SURE YOU KNOW "HOW TO VOTE FOR THE NAME OF A CANDIDATE". (SHADE THE "OVAL" OR "PULL THE LEVER" NEXT TO THE NAME OF THE DESIRED CANDIDATE'S NAME.) I 4. CAST YOUR VOTE "YOURSELF" FOR A CANDIDATE'S NAME AND EXPERIENCE THE " JOY" OF BEING A "QUALIFIED" VOTER. I (MAN TO MAN IS SO UNJUST, YOU KNOW NOT WHO TO EASILY TRUST.. I AN "HONEST VOTE" IS A CONTRIBUTION FOR "PEACEFUL AND PROSPEROUS YEARS.") I TEN (10) GUIDELINES FOR "HONEST ELECTIONS" 5. PROVIDE YOUR "OWN TRANSPORTATION" TO THE VOTING 1 PRECINCT OR "TRAVEL IN A CAR" OF A KIND RELATIVE, | FRIEND, OR A CANDIDATE'S SUPPORTER WITHOUT HAVING TO EXCHANGE YOUR VOTE FOR A "CAR RIDE AND FAIR | PROMISES" WHICH BECOME "SCATTERED DREAMS". 6. BE HEALTHY ENOUGH TO WALK, READ, AND WRITE. | 7. SHOULD YOU BE SICK AND CANNOT WALK, READ, OR WRITE TO "CAST YOUR VOTE YOURSELF", CONSIDER STAYING AT HOME AND, THUS, "AVOID ELECTIONS FRAUD". I 8. "VOTE AND ELECT" A "WISE CANDIDATE'S" NAME; NOT A "POLITICAL PARTY'S" NAME.' ' *| 9. BEING A MEMBER OF THE DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL PARTY OR J I THE REPUBLICAN PARTY "CANNOT" GIVE YOU "WISDOM" ' [ TO REVISE AND WRITE STATE LAWS FAVORABLE FOR ALL PEOPLE. jl 10. "VOTE AND ELECT" A CANDIDATE'S NAME NOT AS A MEMBER OF THE DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL PARTY OR THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ~ ? { | "TO VOTE AND ELECT" YOUR STATE REPRESENTATIVE FRANCES IVL CUMMINGS FOR NC HOUSE I ROBESON AND HOKE COUNTIES-DISTRICT 87: "SHADE THE OVAL" SCOTLAND COUNTY-DISTRICT 87: "PULL THE LEVER" NF.XT TO FRANCES VI. CUMMINGS' NAVIE. AMEN I PEACE BE UNTO YOU. I Writtfn by Yvonne Marin Lcow Paid for by Cumniing.i for NC House Committee IIJ IUIUUIJ miwwwwwwnwwwm?? ' ???
The Carolina Indian Voice (Pembroke, N.C.)
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Jan. 25, 1996, edition 1
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