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Editorial and Opinion Page J Along the Robeson Trail by Dr. Stanley Knick i Director, USCP Native American Resource Center J As part of the on-going scries on Lumbce context, for the past three weeks we have been discussing the prehistoriccontextoflheLumbee. We saw that the prehistoric Lumbee context can be understood in terms of four major divisions, and that the first two groups of Lumbee ancestors are called "Paleo-Indian" and "Archaic." This week we turn to the third division. The Woodland Division" of Prehistory: The shift from PaleoIndian to Archaic lifestyle was the result of adaptations to climatic change. The transition from Archaic to Woodland lifestyle resulted more from changes within Native American culture itself. This transition (sometime between 2,000 and 1,000 BC) is marked by three inventions: agriculture, ceramics and the bow-andarrow. For many generations Archaic women had been gathering plant foods as they moved around in local environments. Nuts, berries, roots, flowers and leaves of various plants were taken depending on local conditions. Late in the Archaic period, one of these women (just as likely, several of them in different places at about the same time) realized that seeds from those plant foods could be preserved over the winter and planted near the base camp the following spring. This was the beginning of farming, and the opening of the Woodland division of prehistory. The invention of agriculture changed forever the lives of Native I?? i people in the Eastern Woodlands. Plants such as chenopodium (a'cousin of spinach), gourds and sunflower were followed by squash, beans, com and other vegetables. Nuts and berries were still gathered in season, and the men continued to hunt and fish, but agriculture gradually became a steady source of staple foods and a major part of the Woodland diet. We can get a glimpse of Woodland fanning and its products from the 1580s, the time of English incursions into North Carolina. Thomas Harriot recorded that Indian farmers produced several varieties of corn (red, white, blue and yellow); beans (which from his description were flat like butter beans or lima beans); peas; several types of squash; melon; sunflower; pumpkin; and various root plants used to make bread and soup. Harriot says the Woodland menu also included a variety of nuts and berries including at least chestnuts, walnuts, and acoms (the latter of which had to be leached to remove poisonous qualities); and grapes, strawberries and mulberries. Animal-based food items included deer, squirrel, bear, rabbit, turkey, dove, crane, goose, crab, oyster, scallops, turtle and several, varieties of fish. But cultivated vegetables were apparently the most consistent and main course. Fanning was not a haphazard thing for these Woodland Native Americans. They had refined it to a very high degree, including the use of organic fertilizer, selective manipulation of species to increase yield, and "inter-cropping" (sowing various beneficial plant types together). According to Harriot, this intercropping was five times more productive per acre than the fanning methods used by the English of the day: "The ground being thus set..., an English acre...doth there yield in crop...of com, beans and peas at the least two hundred London bushels, besides the macocquer [squash], meldcn [melon] and planta solis [sunflower]; when as in England forty bushels of our wheat yielded out of such an acre is thought to be much." When an acre produces this well without the use of synthetic chemicals, then sophisticated agriculture must be in practice. Harriot was clearly impressed by Native farming. The invention of ceramics at the beginning of the Woodland division of prehistory also marked a significant departure from earlier technology. Before ceramics, storing or transporting food and drink must have been done in animal viscera, gourds and/or carved soapstone vessels. With ceramics it became possible to store the produce of Native gardens and fields, including the all-important seeds for next year's crop. In the next segment, we will discuss ceramics and another Woodland invention, as we continue to examine the prehistoric context of the Lumbee. For more information, visit the Native American Resource Center in historic Old Main Building, on the campus of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke. I Pediatric Pointers I By: Joseph T. Bell I Pediatrician with Robeson County Health Care I The weather seems to be a little cooler: maybe fall is coming early But w ith the fall comes kids in school, changing weather and ragweed pollen; all of these arc predisposing factors that may lead to sinus infections The majority of sinus infections (sinusitis) start ofT as simple cold viruscs(uppcr respiratory infections). About 5-10% of common colds turn into sinus infections When you consider that the average child catches about 6-8 colds per year, that adds up o a lot of infected sinuses. Remember that most uncomplicated colds will last about 5-7 days and then start going away The most common tip o(T that a coid has become sinusitis is if the cold symptoms last more than 10 days without getting belter. The nasal discharge in these eases can be either thick or thin, clear or colored, and is usually accompanied by a cough which is worse at night. The patient w ill often havca bad smcllingbrcath These patients seldom have fever or headache. i hcoihcr less common prcscni.ilion of a sinus infection is tlial of a rapid-ousel, severe cold like syntploins These patients usually ha\e high fever (over 102 degrees) and a yellow logrocn nasal discharge. They frequently have headache behind or above the eyes. Somechildrcn will be more prone to develop recurrent sinusitis. Kids who arc exposed repeatedly to cold viruses (such as in daycare or school) and therefore more likely to have a sinus infection. OF course children w ith allergies or who arc sensitive to weather changes will be more prone also.. It is estimated that up to 40% of sinus infections vv ill go away spontaneously But since you can't easily predict w hich eases vv ill do that, and because of the risk of complications, your doctor will probably prescribe an antibiotic ifadiagnosisof sinusitis is made. The majority of acute sinus infections will respond to an appropriate antibiotic. Decongestants and antihistamine may help speed up the process Sometimes a short course ol steroids arc prescribed for more severe eases. So if that nagging cold in your child will just not go away, or ifthcy have a high fev er w ith a yellow green nasal discharge, it may be a sinus infections, and it may bciimc to see the doctor Well that's all on sinusitis See you next week! ? The Way I See It v j The Power of the Indian Consumer (c) Copyright, 1997 The Indian people of the U S spend an awful lot of money The total is over ten billion dollars each year The amount Indian people of New Mexico ancf Arizona bring each y car to the City of A Ibuqucrquc alone was $150.5 million in 1993, The figures for Albuquerque were arrived at by the Center for Appliod u?2?rch Dc,ncr Ear|v in the 1990 s. when m\ friend Jim Hena was Chairman of the All Indian Pueblo Council, he hired the Center to conduct a study titled "The Economic and Fiscal Importance of Indian Reservations to Governments in the Albuquerque Area " The study was done by Robbie Robinson of the Center and completed in October or 19932 . The Center also completed a similar studs in the state or Arizona in 1993 which ^"d.hat Indians spent a total or $X2X 9 million in that slate lhatycar Thctotal Indian spending forthctxvo states (with the total in New Mexico being $540.9) is $1 3098 billion Ii amounts to a lot of change. Indian spending is 10 7% of the total state-wide income generated in New Mexico* in fact In contrast, the amount of moncv spent from the stale General Fund for Indians is only 2.4%. Indians are giving a lot more in consumer spending, severance taxes, and in other ways than they take back in services In Albuquerque. Gallup. Gordon. Phoenix, and thirty dozen other cities and towns near reservations the llow of dollars is one way. Indian people collect their paychecks or welfare checks and go into ton to buy most of what they need The money stays in the towns. Very little ifany of this money finds its wav back to the reservations That is why Gallup has more millionaires per thousand people thank " any other place in the I* SI.' K Th'S ,iUlc cil> has ovcr 18.000 has ovcr 200 millionaires most of them their million on Indian Trade. Indian jewelry, and Indian tourism. . Thepointisthat Indians havca Jot of economic cTOffl w hich has n'ver been used. There arc two things on my nnnd;(l) the need for the Indians to capture some or the hard dollars trom the arts, crafts, and tourism (2) the need for people who have been benefitting from Indian spending for decades to give something back in return I el s spend sonic time on the first proposition A lady jcxvelry called me the other day with an ofTcr to help us raise some money for scholarships In the course of the conservation. she contended that there is no Indian-ovvncd tourism company in the State of New Mexico. I suspect that she is right. The big tour companies charge the tourist forty or fifty dollars a head Iwu jth.cm out to the reservations, what do Indian people get for it? A few dollars for dancing or whatever they make off some arts and crafts. Thctourcompanicsgct thcbigbucks" she told me. 1 wonder how many Indian Tour ism companies arc operating 1 know that there arc hundreds of non-ln-. dian tour companies making hun-j drcds of ntillon of dollars taking" people on tour of Indian reservations. There is a definite possibility of someone to make money on Indian jcvNdr>, lor thai person to be Indian the mone> tnade to be kept in the Indian community, and | for other people I to benefit from the jobs created and increased spending it will generate I hope to see this in my lifetime, hut have seen it only done twice. There are three notable examples of Indian people trying to capture some income from arts and crafts that I have heard about Two succeed and one failed. The ones which succeeded were the Zuni Craftsmen's Cooperative Association if my friends The Zuni organization started twenty years ago. and the last time I talked to them they were doing a $2 million dollars worthofbusincss each year. One of my friends finished high school, weni immediately into the Indian jewelry business, and within two years figured ul how to run the whole thing herself, from top to bottom. She operated her own Indian jewelry manufacturing business for ten years, and sold it for a great profit. She then went to college and got her degree, worked for her tribe for a few years, and now has another profitable business going. She got tired of the jewelry business, and wanted to do something different. The one which failed was the National Indian Council on Aging, which failed in the most delicious of problcms-too many orders. They got a grant from the Administration for Native Americans (ANA) over a decade ago to start a mail order Indian jewelry business. They had to shut down in less than a year because they could not fill the orders. They ended up sending people their money back. The lady who called me about raising funds for scholarships told me the Indian jewelry business is huge, and that the rest of the jewelry business is much larger. She is concerned that all Indians gel from the business in their piecework, or minimum wage if they work in one of the Indian jewelry manufacturing sites around the nation. Only a thirdofthc mi^ncy. at ntosl. goes to the Indian people who make the jewelry. The rest goes to middlemen and retailers. If we limited ourselves to thinkingonly about Indian jewelry it would be a big mistake. Once a tribe, individual. or company has made a go of it with 1 ndian jewelry. the next step is to diversify and make other products which people nccd-clolhcs. food, transportation, supplies, etc. The Third World nature of the relationship of Indian people to the rest of the U:S. is a disgrace to the nation. But the people who arc profiling from the present system will almost certainly do everything in power to maintain the system. This means grocers, motel owners, restaurant owners, jewelry makers and middle men. and all the rest will try to stop an Indian person from making a success of an Indian jewelry business. They will use Indian saboteurs and apples as well. So the Indian person who tries to establish his or her own Indian jew * 1 elry business will find the going rough. hvcrvthing from slashed lirus . . to anonymous telephone calls will be. jused against him or her Ncvcrtht*-' less, the project should be done _ _ The ten billion dollars (S 10.000.000.IXX)) that Indians generate in spcndingcachycaralso needs to be harnessed politically It should be harnessed locally, w ilh tribes foriying cooperative relationships with local businesses to solve sonic of the problems which abound in Indiah Country. The niillionaircsofGallup for instance, need to contribute to tire Indian alcohol ism rehab ccn tcr w h ich has been established in that city. But more about that next month Let's finish by saving that Indians need to capture more benefits from the $10 billion that we spend each year. The biggest part of that capturing needs to be through the development of private sector business. " Congratulations to Outstanding Lumbee Representatives To the Editor: I would like to send congratulations out to Miss Lorna McNeill who has always represented the Lumbee people and nowthe pgflple in the city of Fayettevillc aJwffts Fayettevillc 1997-98, and to the Stoney Creek Singers for winning' first place at the Baltimore Indian ^-Association Pow Wow this week' end And last but not least, congratulations to our Lumbee Queens for a wonderful display of pride." and honor as they greeted the Lum- < bee community of Baltimore aswell as other Indian nations/tribes., at the Baltimore Indian Associa- ! tion POW Wow. Congrats to you all-Lorna. Stoney Creek Singers. Marion. Charly. and Krislina. Always proud. April Whittemore '"Searching for ^ L; his songs" i In May of 1992 when her only r brother the Reverend Douglas'!, Maynor died.Following the death,, of her father Chacy Maynor two, months and four days prior.. She , made a promise to "not let her, brother's music die" During the life timeof Douglas, Maynos he composed.over 500 songs"Ml]py ofhissb'ng'5 " lid gave away" because He "didn't want to lose his disability". Several of his , songs were recorded by local groups such as The Scott Sister's , who recorded "Hills of Glory, The Devil Doesn't Like It Cause Jesus, Saved Mel, Visions of Glory The Happy Echoes assisted ; Douglas s sister Vinita Maynor- ; Clark with copyrighting his last ! song and recording it TwinL-, kling of an Eve" AccorHino to ?S documentation Vinitahasall the \\ right's to her brother's music. .! Now Vinita is on a search to ; find songs that were written by her ' J brother, even tho'" he gave them!? away". Douglas left three small |j children behind Douglas Jr., Sha- jj ron Rose, and Gabriel who want to J go to college." Wouldn't it be won- ii dcrful if his music could send his chil-1| dren to college.? ;i " I am also searching for some jS of the tapes that he would make of 'i his self singing and would give them away. I would like the oppor-1J tunity to record them and give each '? one of his children a collection of their father's music" ;j If there is anyone reading this ij and has any information in regard ; to the music of the late Reverend Douglas Maynor. Please contact!! his sister Vinita Maynor Clark or'J mail thc.cassettcs to Post Office'" Box 1524 Pembroke, North Caro- ? lina 28571 " [ (by Vmita Maynor Clark) Pembroke j Kiwanis Report ii The monthly business meeting; was held Tuesday evening at the town and Country Restaurant witlvi* Furnic Lambert presiding. 55 Awards Chairman Henry Wa rrN Oxcndinc received the plaque fronh* Kiwanis International Foundation*^ The plaque is in honor of Marshall! Locklcar post humously and th?5 Pembroke Kiwanis Club for thciS donation of a thousand dollars t{S the International Kiwanis Foun53 dation. The award was presented toMrs. Gertrude Locklcarby Chain 2 man Henry Ward Oxcndinc The Dwight Lowry Mcmori.t 5 Golf Tournament willbc held Snt j; urday. August 30th. Tceofftimc i 5 9 a m Play is Capl Joyce supeSe ball. Ron Chavis is chairman. 2 Hope Mills Kiwanis Club wcrv visitors. They were president Mary? Fullcrton. Judy Reynolds, prcsi-? dent elect. Sue'Galbrcath and WiG? liam Reed Jr. a former track star olj Dr Edward Crane's 10971 NAlyp Cross Country Championship Team ^5 Treasurer Albert Hunt reported; a balance of $4 741 in the treasury"; Prayer-Clayton Maynor Sotigy leader-Ed Tcets Rcporler-Kchj Johnson \ CHOOSE TRADITION \ NOT ADDICTION' s mS, > i Know Ihe conwqowcM o( "v]V\ btcohaonddhjjdbtis* VJ! " A rr+uoo* firm UHHt and VJ Wc*xx* fuWi* on On* [Say You Reiki) It In The ? Carolina , Indian Voice. To Subscribe (Call 521-2826.] ? -994-9222 M .WACHOVIA.COM * Have you discovered that running your own business is more than a full-time job? Are you CEO, coffee maker, receptionist, CFO, and sales force? We are here. To make sure you have the tools you need to keep your focus on the business at hand. To help you customize those tools to the needs of your unique business. To make things like paying federal and some of your state taxes over the phone a convenient reality. If your board meetings take place around the kitchen table, give us a call. Because in our view, every business has a personality all its own. Weja?|^. \yv:noviA uSShed:
The Carolina Indian Voice (Pembroke, N.C.)
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Aug. 28, 1997, edition 1
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