Along the Robeson Trail by Dr. Stan Knick, Director- UNC-P Native American Resource Center Another contemporary issue which faces the Lumbee and other Native Americans is inter-tribal rivalry. This competition, and sometimes outright conflict, between tribes or nations of Indians is nothing new. It can be seen extending back for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Indian legends tell us of very old rivalries which go back farther than anyone can remember. Some of the earliest written records about Native Americans describe what must have been traditional rivalries between groups (for example, North Carolina Algonkian-speakers versus Iroquoianspeakers in 1586). It is easy to see how inter-tribal rivalries developed. In some ways, it was advantageous to individual tribes (and their leaders) to perpetuate rivalries with others as a means of strengthening tribal identity, or claims to certain lands or hunting rights. Some rivalries evolved as a result of ancient political struggles and warfare. Others came about as a consequence of economics, such as the desire to control trade relations (for example, the Occaneechi of the Carolina Piedmont controlled the trade route between the mountains and the coast, placing them in a crossfire rivalry between the Cherokee and Tuscarora). Some rivalries were clearly worsened by the coming of Europeansponsored wars. For example, when the Cheraw and Catawba were employed by the colonists to fight against the Tuscarora during the Tuscarora War, it didn't exactly get rid of their old animosities. There arc plenty of modern examples. A meeting held not too long ago in Brazil, when several tribes gathered to protest construction of a dam and power plant on the Xingu River, is a good case-in-poinL Just before the confrontation with the power company representatives, as the leaders of the various tribes talked over their strategy for the day, the chief of one tribe (Kayapo) said to the chiefs of the other tribes: "I'm glad that you others could be with us today, so that you can leam how we real Indians handle these whites." The facial expressions of the other chiefs made it clear that the rivalry between the tribes, articulated by the Kayapo chief, was deeply felt by folks on all sides. Sometimes these inter-tribal rivalries are handled pretty well by both parties. In some instances, there iseven occasion for humor. Chippewa people continue to remind the Lakota that when the Chippewa chased the Lakota out of the Woodlands and onto the Plains they were just getting a head start on the federal relocation program! The Lakota reply is often that anything would be better than living in Minnesota! At other times, old rivalries between tribes or nations are used to the advantage of outsiders. This seems to be the case in the on-going NavajoHopi case, and may also be true in the historic Lumbee-Cherokee and Lumbee-Tuscarora differences. Old rivalries usually serve only to divide the few resources which Native Americans have, making them easier to control by outside interests such as big business, politics and governmental institutions. Despite the fact that inter-tribal rivalries may have bad some advantages in earlier times, and that they grew out of unavoidable historical and cultural processes, nowadays they have become almost entirely disadvantageous to Lumbees and other Native people. Who wins these intcr-tribal rivalries? Not the Indians. In the next segment we will discuss more contemporary issues which face the Lumbee today, as we move toward situating the Lumbee in context. For more information, visit the Native American Resource Center in historic Old Main Building, on the campus of The University of North Carolina at Pembroke. lo Subscribe To The Carolina Indian Voice Call (910) 521-2826. To Subscribe To Tht Carolina Indian Voice Call (910) 521-2826. Carolina Indian Voice is published even Thursday by First American Publications 304 Normal St - College Pla/a Post OITice Bon 1075 Pembroke. North Carolina 28372 Phone(910) 521-2826 Fax (910) 521-1075 Con nee Bray boy. Editor Subscriptions One year in NC. $20.00 Out of Stale. $25.00 Second Class Postage Paid at Pembroke. NC '. C N From the Office of the Superintendent by Dr. Barry Harding V A- I'.HX draws to a close I thought ili.it I'm* ought be a good tune to update everyone on the status of construction in our school sv stent It of course has been some lime since voters across the state approved the referendum which resulted in the as ailabihtv of $64M for construction and renovation of facilities in our svstciti While actual needs amounted to a great deal more than that that figure allowed to us to get started on some of the more important projects It is hoped that the first major project - at Fairmont Middle School - will be reads for occupancv bv the end of January That project called for the construction of a new classroom building to replace the old 2 storv building which was original!) butll 7(? years ago in 1^22 with some renovation done to it in 1940 In addition to classrooms, the building also houses the school's auditorium Needless to sa>. it has outlived its usefulness and the 540 students in grades 5-X who attend the school will be much better served bv the replacement facility When the students are able to occupy the new building. the 2 storv building and the agriculture shop will be loin dow n llic next project to get underway will bs work at Prospect Bids wcic opened just recently and. aftci approv al bv the BoardofHducalion wInch has scheduled to take place at its Januarv meeting construction, hopefully will gel undcrwav bv mid February That project will consist of a twelve classroom addition as well as certain rcnov aliens. The const ruct ion of those classrooms will allow the removal of the twelve mobile units which are currently being used toacconnnodalesouie of the 1~"> students ranging from prek to eight grade who attend the school Currently in the schematic design phtise ,iie the other two major projects thai nave been given priority bv the Board They include a complete renovation ol existing 2 siory building ai Red Springs Middle School along with the construction of 6 additional clas<>r high'sehool in the counts which onl) had three sears of high school beginning ssith the tenth grade li s\ ill also bring about a realignment of grades at Lumberton Junior High which then allow u to become a middle school The opening of bids for the high school project is scheduled for June of IW) ssith occiipancs hopefully taking place in August i>f the scar 2.0t)ti That would Ik in time for the beginning of that school sear Ol the (>4M in bond niones availablc to u> the four projects which I listed will account for S25M Another fib'NI has been allocated for critical needs projects While the School Board has approscd a list of those needs, u remains for them to approve contracts to take care of them and I expect that to take place shortls When that has been done, sve will still hasc approximated S2WM left for other projects which will be considered during the next few months (l_ As I've s.nd before wlulc ?u>4M sounds like an awful lot of utoncs and it is - the number of schools that we liasc that need attention paid to litem for their condition is such that S<>4\l represents onl> about a quarter of what we actually need A survev made bv the consultant group which we cmploved shorilv alter the bond referendum indicated that what we could acluallv use is S2,WA1 It has been a mailer of setting priorities in order to make the best use of the nionev available I believe we've done that bv the decisions made Further decision1 will, doubtless, be afTecied b> incsitablc grade lesel realignment at some of our sehools Whatever we do when the times comes, sou mas rest assured it st ill be done w ith the best interests of our children in mind |^BT-800-we prevent^B Pediatric Pointers Bv Joseph T Bell Tobacco lias Ion.1 been used bv Name Americaus in .aiioo^ fonns and forsariousrclyu: mimicspasi. lobacco and its used in Native ceremonies 'an.! iniinls Sonic of these practices arc \iill bouiji carried on todav Unfortunatcl). most tobacco use todav is in for.in ol cicorac habitual cigarette smoking is i'i<. single Tnbo^ prev entable cause of di >ease a nd death in the U,S. todav Ibis week v\c will discuss children exposed iosidcsl ream and second-hand eigarcl te smoke. Tltis involunlarv. or "passive" shioking increases a child's risk ofhav ing serious respirator) illnesses Almost 5(l"? of all children are exposed to cigarette smoke bv at leasi one adult smoker at "home" , Children who ate e xposed to passive smoke have a lower respiratory infect ions including pneumonias and bronchitis The livqneiicx of respirator) problems ii-sulling front these exposures caiisi. mort tlisabihi) da\s for these children and more enrol work davs for their parents Children exposed lo smoke also have more freM. " quent and longer hospitalizations lot these problems n- well as liiglui ov erall denilt rates Cliildicu whose patents smoke also have long-term effects. including decreased lung function compared with children of nonsmoking parents Tliev have more chronic respirators symptoins. especialh persistent whcc/ing. mid :u^nnre |ikcl> to develop asthma Passive tobacco smoke is associated with more chronic car infections, and children exposed to a parent's smoke also arc at greater risk of becoming smokers themselves M\ advice to parents is to trv not to smoke in anv enclosed area that kids niav be in. This includes tlie home and cars It's not good enough to smoke in a separate room wilh the door closed, smoke wilt go under the door andjmd its wax intocverv room in the house H vowmiisl smoke. it won Id be best forihe health of tour children to always step outside before lighting up Don't forget that if von have aiiv topics >011 would like nic to discuss 01 (|iicslions answered write me at PO Box torn Pembroke. NC 2X172 Take eare and we w ill talk again next week! Jamestown Is Meeting Your Land & Housing Needs LAND! LAND! LAND! Singlewides Land Home Packages tarting At S299 Month I Doublewides Land Home Packages starting? s399 Month ^LAND/HOME PACKAGES 130 Lots In Different Locations * N.C. Cultural Center, Pembroke * Union Chapel Area (Paul Rd.) Pembroke * The Intersection Of Hwy 72, West And Pine Log Rd. Lumberton * Wire Grass Rd., Lumberton A New Location To Be Announced January 1999 m