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T H O R-S DAY,; M
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Y ... V A I, L, AOlN
AY
... , r- -
CONVENTION OF THE
Northern, Powers.
Convention for fte re emMifhmfnt of an
farmed' .neutrali ly J?mfi his M:ijeRy the
' "King nfSweden, ofhe one pari,- and his
. MajeC.y th? Emperorof all the Ruffiasn
ihe o'her part, concluded and figed at St.
Feterlburg, the. 4 h (t6i December) 1800,
accepted and ratiticil by his Swedilh Mi
jelly on the 2odtof December, ad by
his Imperial-Majelly of all the lit is on
v t'ne 8 h (C-.h ot Dec) in hs fame year.
In tit ' :nUf.. th.tlwlt Holy dr.i uadivij
: ' ed Trinity,
In onW that, the freedom ot the naviga
tions ; in like manner his ihajeffly the king of .mandant cf the fliip of war(of tne other po w -Sweden,
an;! 1 1 : a i rn pe r i at ma j e ft y of all the er, if it. mall be ".required,. CiaU duly'lnd faith
Rulfias, !! ard determine, 'that' all other fully afford Juch aiiillance as maybe necefTary.
merchandize- ?!ictl be and remain free ; and -ThejVtps of war & frigates' of other na'ions
inorder that the general principles of the fhalj, afford protection and alHAanre to the
laws of nature, of which the fr-'edrn of trade merchant veffels of the otheV provide.), in the
and -navigation, as , well av tlie.-righ's of neu- '"Wan time, that (he veffeleiuirinr fuch af-
- REGULATION r
1 -ALLUDED TO'IN THE
. 'NORTHKIlti CQNVZN UIOM,
As publiJhedJb'y Ike King of E de N.
fr.'"' St6ckho.m' Feb 3.
The preamble liate tHe necelfity of
rendering the nglits of c omrw err 2. clear
and explicit, ror this eilea, in urre'r to
trai r.8tionsv and tne tinmsdiLte .conteqvience, : tiiiance lhall nt have violated the pntuipl'S
may be tiUrcd hnJer ,t competenuand. (tire' of the nemralitv bv havinz earned oh. ativ . fernrs'the.-inrntertinn, nf the ortvercirfrit.
fafe.M'ri; they have relolved no longer : to - iliic.iLcomm?rceV- -: r ;; t: the tot;irnei ce o( Sweden mit chfrr re
delay that o!unt9ry,exphftation from Which. j Art Vll. . Thin'conTentich" 011, have no Uhc follow in'R requMite '
they have hitherto been refiraincd bv motives rirftfYi'A:Ui Ah.Vi,;n -,. r..-..Al.,i., ! In. rtn!!.tKnt a' -(Kin fktfVntTtlo.-l'rnK
ion, atri ibe ' lfcurtty of the mcrchandiz-- of
Vciir.-al rirvvt ' J. nuv -be eftabhlhcd, an
the
CM.
f rNff laws of nations" be ' fnllv
I'fctraipsd, fturirg tHe continuance . p' "the
efen; mariti'mi! war, his Mj-fly' the" Kinii
ot Sweden, and his Mje(ly. the Emperor of
all. ih- Rnlfias, athiatcd by their jovc of juf
i'ce. and by a rcoipiocaf 'd-fire t promoie
uV..;:?vc-r n?av be for the piibhc advanraW gf
tlr r?fP. cTve' fta:cs. have to' that effect de:er
mi" -(i to g've a new funcli
!V haw hereby determined, , that exiflf-) nrrvl:vi.i'(i ii". rnn. I'll 1.,. . lit in Sweden, or the brovmces under l.ev
(hip may freely navigate application (ball only be to fitiue a'cu of vio dominion y or fliipwretked on 'llle'sy.ectifli'
to another: and on the coails lone?' and atrTeilion. and it (hall foon "form coaft, and -'there fold or boutrht in a fo-
.. .- . - . - . ,
OteCtton ot 1 c,h" i-"onny oy lccaj vc -.luiucmic cun-
of tfcetr feparate and , temporary ieteCs.,, fba! have no references, to. any dilfirencts icojiirlcrcd as' a SeJe, (he tnniV
VV tin tins view in;
1. Thit every
from one 1) arbor,
t-
ihii h i.vjrntnf tiilmn - I I I - - r iM.
tfiv"- iiiiwu5. ,i ineDjua o:t a ivuem tor tne pi
2. ; ihat the elects Wilicrt Selon? fO- ttW a th- rientrat-. nar mn of F.,irr.rt.-.
fu'js of the belligerent powers in neutral f,s'us ,nay hereafter be denied or violatedf. try' threatened". .with war,' if (lull be coi.fi- ....
-ps,wi n ,ne exception ot comrapaim gooes, - Af, VHr - Shoui A ''!" norw.'r! flj;,,ff! as lawful as Joon 'as three moniin
cvry inip pure haled mint -tenntn.
noweyer, tne naiuraiiz.aiipii
wKofe i trac't. If fuch purchafj is in5 in a coun-
P.i
(hail b' fee.
3. Tliat in order to determine
be confidered as a blockaded -rnrbor
. all the polhble. care of the two powers, and.-
wh.a,vS7'?, notwnnarding the obfervacce of he moft ' b"t-
apply oiily ... .. iu: . -r u- n ' rL . t of fl
T ' , 7 1U!'7 - ;';.that. the merchant Ihips of his m ic(ly the
wnere tne.oitpo ition ana nurpper or tne imps ,- . c ,1. , ,r v, f
,. v :. 1 i . -1 n 1 A.11 L king ft iw'd' " or ot his nnperul majflly of
of iha power bv which it rs lAveflfd, fhdl kre ?K. ..n... :..rJ...j -.t.. j.Uj
. With as to rendir it aprarei;ly hazardous to , ii . n.-. . . . : f
..a.w. I-ifnter, ana. lilt vcry.p,WI!!
cities cf ncufrahry, which'are 10 their nauirc a b ockadd harbor that is eviklrntiy so .bhek- , . : j a -i f L u
. r , 1 '1 1 ,l, lJ . . . f , , r.unitlir o: the injured party ha forthwnti
jndi-io nblr, and to require that they may be adfr, T-.oUtes tht prefent coilVe.i'i-m as much nrrnt. ,C r,.,.t ,V , r
: , , , . .1 ' n I ; - - ,- r r . -i , . j reprelent the lami-to tne government, whole
refwc :-! t y a l powets in-er-iled, in their ,f the commander of ibe -hiof.Laac had pre- ' f - , ,vmj ,-.,,'., f. ,i u ' j
- , 7 ,,,'v .1 .u..: 1 :-r. . , , r . - - - . l ''up t var of nvateer iivall have committed
.r. ...ll:i.ir: Vu 1 T Tl I II I V I C W I lie 1 I IM 'Kl 1 At rt : i liulli.'l f li'ui i - f rtr . 11 1 n I f O f if . r. - - . .
i" c t uhm w ......... T j i i vii ii r att'itu n m i ai v iy f w 5 I .
ties !;..n r. by their decUia t'-n of 'he 15 0 ot , ar.J i, had nevcrthclcls ehdrav
Ai .'m J. to th? Norfrn C tr who . re,e-ror.,-arii5ceio.i;b:ai-nad-tmiuon.
ihe maniien.ire of hofe; 'lhatwtth rard to r.-itral fb'ps
j i.;' , r,.ncein'i 10
ex-
I'ucb aft of. viulencc ; he fii ill reclafui the rap-
,tuted vt'ffjl, d mand due faiufaclion. and . by
111; ri-ars 101c
c Uffrtt ot ihe iniult ottered (o
HCtl
tj.;- cn i, -m to ind-illand h.)v fincerely it i 'helvidcm grousids, fhill be ditaincu, (Vnience 1
tho cA.je'x-ri ihcir h:at-i$ 'to rrflorc in its fiatl in- fh,II be. pronounced without d:lay ; the -nro-l
.(, dep.-riohie, ti c g"neral ught of all w:.'ion '; cei'dingsngaiiitl hem (liail be uniform, prompt,
of
etcl
Wie .
i tn
reaT .
)ung
lord
X.
Boo
, and
1, to
rmer
Mr.
r, of
iimn.
prr v
beVis
re
his
hich
ainrd,
1 f 1
t
v.1 r.
te tns
in the
pria
1 obH'u
1. Ii 1 1. j J . A.-l.. . f . ii I I
lo cov.v.y thtv tn'p! a' a mprcnsnoi an(j iavytal. iver ana aoove in- u.uemiiuy
and wViiout beirg fubj ti to the contioul ofj lo .'which they lhsll be entitled for the "da
th powers. at. war, Hm Swcdfii" Mj-fty mages they ' iii'ill have fiflamed, complete
impancd nis witncs ar.a ien:irsc-ii -u m icai iatntactton tam. dc given tor tne innui com
il!w, and an happy ronlormi y . ox tnetr iu
ita! inteieds has induced the"mjo adopt the
relohition ol re-ellablifhiog fyMlem of an
armed neutrality which was attended with fuch
mitted ajainlt the flag of their majelTies.
c. That the declaration of the olhcrr yho
(hail command the fliip d( war, orfliipsof
the American war, and to
renew its bench ial ptinctnle tn a convention
tAf.z 1 to the prel'ent ctrcumfla-icci. To this
end his majlly the ki"g of Swedrn, and his
imi.ernl m .Klly of all the'Ruirias, have no.
minj'cd. .h'ir plenipotentiaries, nsmdy,
bis Sve. Jtfli mijerty, baron Cm Yn Sted.
iaorduary to his tm
Benil nvuetlv o all . 'he RufJus. lieutenant
i7cnei!. chamVeriln of the queen dowager.
colonel of a ffffiiisnf of infantry, kmghi.
and command t of the order pf the fo.d,
aiiuLki 'ijlii "f the. F-ench order Pour Irs Me
riits.Mtitiaiif', aod his imperial irajefly c
-he HuPias. hion count I heot'ore von
.. 1 . . n.. I.:.... en...
.V.'!."' ''!!, ll'.S I'glll ITIIliy "I'V 'mumti.ui,
icfoil r '( '!' !'' v.trijrfc, (ntnWIci lit
Iht c ""T, cf forc.'n atfair;, diretlor.g;re.
war, of ihe king or emperrr, vhich Qiill be
convoying one or more merchant h:p, ihat
the convoy h?s no contraband goods on hoard,
thill be iurrcttrit and that no t.-arcn ot nis
-111. ml .
lug power tii 1:1 alto er.rorce tfieconMa:nt in
the moll energe'ic and detennined manner
j polhble,- and' thty. fhall generally and uni-
tjuniy act in concert logetner should their
jull complaint meet with no redrefs, or ftiould
u be potlponed from time to time, then (lull
Lieu majctlies have recourfe.10 repnfils a
gainfl luch power as f IS 1 1 have rcf ilcd to c! j
jullici-; and that they hall endeavor, by e
very -poUible means, to 'give effeft to fucli
cprilaN.
Art. IX. Should h oppen that one or
tie other cf th? two power?, or both, pn-sc-onni
of, or from dfl;kc to, the preC-n:
cnvrtvtion, or any circnmlance conr.rttfd
III) LF , . riis.l 14. r - l ...w - - r ....... . v w - i . 1 ft . . . .
err.nttcd. And the better to enlure reipett " - . - ...w..uwv.
tothofe principle, and . he llipu'ations found " '"ei j-m o.cn caie it is zgrreel, that- the
ed on them, which their dilint'.-relled wdhes
to prefcrve tTie impii.fciipi.blo rights of rcu-
trat nations have Iiiggclled, !"t iiup contract
ing parties, to prove their linrcrtty and juf
tice,'will'fT"e ihe United oidcrs to iheir cap
tain", as well of ikeir Ihips of war as of their
mere) atii-tncn, toload no part cfihe-r fllips,
or'frcrctly lo have on bourd, any articles,
which by virtue of this ' prtfent convention,
i r- . . - i . i . . i i-
may PC coniunevi at contrpira ; ana ur
he more ro'r;,.e;e carrying in:o execution
this command, they will refpefjively take catt
to (iye-drrefmnt to their c-.;rs-of admiralty
it whenever they (halt think it
ud
'of
45
the
diferi
tft mo-
aimed,
ator. a
rounds.
f I
e aoic
b, and
rere ca
:n par.
plair,
ird th
jon, iba
lor and gratid crofs of .he foveretgn drdrr
of St. Jol." f Jeiuralein, knight cf the fit !1
. , i . . i . r c. a .. i c a
"I3l Or tuC O'ucn Oi O'. rourc, .J'. -
utr Nifkv, and St. Ann, knijpt cf the
. Ut St. .jZiiis, f Si. Fcidiriand, and
f, Iljbcri: wh", af.ct exchanging their, rr.f.
petVrve full powers, have agreed upon die ful
L.ivii'tf arii..lr I . ..
Article I, H'S rnajrlly ihe king of Swe- nnnrsit lafis, hit mnjcfly, the k.ij of Swe
den, and li.'s readily the emprror of all ihe ricn, and his m'jcllv, the ,emperr ot all the
.v . j. I... ..... a :n ii.;n'.. o..tr... l . . . j. " j: . - :
Kullias orriar i;i liirr win hooit uihihb" imi,iiih7. tjjvc uroucu 11
iie exporta'ton of cortraS;ind mc.t:hanai''e
ra the part cf heiftl.j-tti with cvfy power
to p-iblilh
nrccliary, and to this cod tne rriMlmont
hi.h fit all cotitain this pnihipmon undtr 4he
fcvcra.p:t.altiei, fhall ptmud at the end
of ihe pelent a, that no one may plead ig
noranfr.
A-t. 1V. In order to Hare the commerce
of their'hil.jcfts upn the moll legal and per
whatever, whedier at prefer.t cngtgfd in war,
or which may beteaf'er be cngsg:d in war.
An. II. In older to prevent a. I dony
fntv bad
le cesr
pons, of
'ould, ta
L iafh.
Ue 0 l'
rmlrf
Wbyat
the St
expedient to equip
a numbi-r rf Hiips of war nd figates, which
fhall be thargrd lo lee that ihe.objicV be eb
tairfrf, and the fqnadroni of each power Dull
rake (.. de ilaiiuiit, and protrft thofe convoys,
tcht..:r commerce and wietr . navigation
and mifundet Handings as 10 wr.at (liiil be ; ay require, and which (lia'l be conlotmalile
confideird tunirabaod, his mijrfiywlie kg j ti il.f s.ot.tl? of tiadc if each nan on.
cf SiwrJcn, and his imperial mijrlly f all Art. V. To provid, againll all incon
ihe Rullia, declare, ihat ibry will icknnw. 's-rtlfrcM wh'uh may rcffd from any nation 1 10
ledge the following amcles as con'rahani, ! ibi.firg the pivilrge l ihcir fijf, it itref- Cn
ramely, cinnons, mortars, ire arm-, r.l.,-, ululi.cd as fg r-turn not to lie aepajicd
Hm.i, llmt llonri, ma chei, gun.pywdrr, iali-frcm, ihat every iratilpor', be it whole it mjy,
pciie, 1-alj.l.ur, hclmctt, pdn, Iwords, hang- 'belongii-g to the couniry''whofe ll'g it bean,
cm, cartridge boxes, fddlct and bridles, with
ihe eacrp'ion f Inch a quantity of the above
fiKlcrai nuy b necenfy for ihe defence of
ihe llupt and their crew ail ohtr anicJet
not bertin eruneia rd,.Utll not be conflict
ed at war or naial (lores; ibcy.fjnll not be
fcl'j.-U to cophfcaiion, but Dialr-paf' free and
wiihoul ! fliaim. It is alfo benbytg'er,
that the pt'l.nt article fliall be widiotii pre
j .dire to tHe particular ft i put at tons of former
itraiiei with ihe powers at war, by viiine i f
h!ch, the things abuvementioned are allowed
or prohibited,
... . ri l
Art, ill. , Ar-d shrrris it is reioivcd,
lTi'.bauv;rt by virtue of ihe forgoing
t ule, can be drenvd coniraWana, Hull be
ti(.'tfIci ft.it ibe utdmt cf t.:wrl ra-
lull havcen brad a riptair, and the half of
the ciew compo'ed of the (ubjefls of ihat
country ai a the iillport liull Le drawn up
in due and irgular fotm. Every tianfpcrt
I n li... Li' . . L . T - .. ' . . ! ' 1 .
wr.icn man rot cokivc tunc ir i.woni, sr
lhall violate iVf command prin-rd ai the end
of this prefftit contrntior, fliall forfeit all
tiStiopioienivn of ibeconiratling poweri, &
tHe goveinaient to which it may buong fliall
alone b refponhble for all ihe loft, damage
or iiiCortvfnier-i t"y luHain.
An. VI. Htni'J it r venhcltfi happen
that ihe nimhai i (hips id ore of ihe powers
ihnntd find nit If in a hituiion here the
lli.ps of war i f i! at t aiu-n ate rot llanontd,
ard whrre il.rv cannot hae the piotfttion
of tbeir t wo toac)i, in fuch ca'.e the root
t. powers 'fiiall nia.fi it a common cauf,
injtiially to defend each other; and-they fbtll
ettprociUy employ exerrion to b:ain full
itid complete fatiifaftion, as well for the in
"uli done to their Hgsf as lor ihj trjury.fuf
laincd by theit fuljiftts.
Art. X. The principles ard rgulafirnj
ilipulatcd Sl fe tiled by this prrfent 'eft IHIJ ap
ply to every miiiume war, by which Eu-
tcpe may tinlncrily be iift;uic,ed, IV. le
jlipuUiion. Uiall iio te C(iiuJercd as peri
tual, and upon all occa'ions (hall be apj;r;i
t d tobv the cuniialiiig powiiifonbsjex,i,'..4
lion of their commerce and TaV'gaiicn, ud
fcr i fie 'maintenance of the lights tf hernial
nations. . .
An. XJ. As the objeA and rniin conH
'delation of this convention is lo allure the
general freedom of commerce and navigation,
ins majeuy the king of Sweden, & his imperial
majrlly of alt the Kulliis, hereby agree, and
bind themfelvcs lo eaih other, to give their
coitfeni that otbe'r neutral powers may become
parties to it, adopt its principles, conform 10
us tbl grtions, and pariake of i:s advantages.
Art.. XII. In order ihat ihe belligerent
powers 'may not have lo plead ignorarce of
the arrangement!, concluded between, their fa c
majfltirs, inlormatioii lhall be given 10 Inch,
bclhcerent powers ot the regulations ibry
have determif.ed upon, which utc fo lt:i'e of
a houue nature, mat tney can ce aemiiKOiii
no other country whatever, bit, on the
Contraty, calculated, to fecure ihe commrrte
atul navigitton of their refpective fubjecti.
Art. XIII. The prefrnt 'convention (hall
be ratiftrd by ihe two contracting ptrties, and
the ratification (hall b: em hanged, in due
zed.
flii ps houtht in a foreitin country, and
afterwards taken by a cruizer belonging td v
any oT the-helhji.erent povveis, may fre' ;
jtient'y produce dif igreeable explanattons -in
the feque! it is hereby-declareil,-- time .
in time ot war hips fh dl not be allowed
to be naturalized, wldch have formerly
been the property of the belligerents, or
i heir fVtlilec'is : neverthelefs, with the ex-
cepiion of all fliips that wet e i!aniralizecl
befor e the prvfent rculatTi
which fliall eojoy all the rights which are
connected, with the chancier of neutrals
ami Swedes.
3., The captain of the fhip muff bepro
v:dcI with all pnpers iij'iifi.e and proper
for the lecurity of his vovaoe. ()f thil
kind are (in cale the fliip goes tht nnh tbe
bound,! a certificate of the place vhere
the vitrei v was built, an invoice, letters
fuewin the carpo not connabmd, Tuik
iHt nnd Latin pnlfports, a cenihcaie by the
tnagillrate of ihe placej a pa ft lor the crew,
a copy of the oath tor che owner, a char,
terpatty with the fubfeription of .ihe
freighter, the captain, and the perfon. '
freihtinr the veTcl, a manifcll with the
litte fublciiptions, containing a lift of the
dih'erent articles of the ladinc, and the
condiiionsof the intended voyage, ond a
Oill ol lieJih, where the fame is necefl'iry.
It the 'voyage he merriy. to the. pors of
ihs lJaloc, or the Sound, the Turkifh and
Latin pal'.es are not neceflary ; but the
ciptain mull have all the. other paperl
enumerated, without exception. ' .
All thefe documents molt be made
out and delivered in a Swedidi port, unlefs
wnen a imp hns tw'.t her papers by amdeiit,
or where they have heen forcibly taken
away, in whiclrcafe thefe documents nay
be renewed in a foreign port, if the cap
tain, immediately on his arrival takes ihe
TTcc.iiiti'.rrF6"exhiVii a:i authentic fnd pro-
picc.iiui' n to exhibit a.i actnenticfnd pro.
pei ly certihed declaration by which the
Occident is proved, or the grounds dated
on wlch he defircs the renewal '
4. The captain is prohibited to have
falie act or certificates, or duplicates
thereof. lie is likewise prohibited to
make ufe of a loreign flaj.
5. It is required that the captain nnd.
half of the crew fhall be Swedifli luljedi.'
6. CaptititiS Roinij to the main' ocean
fliall he bound to f ollow the courfe pointed
out im their inftrticYions and agiteaLle
to the contents of their certification
7. Ships dedined for the pons of a Bel
ligerent I'ower, mult, with the utmofl
cire and under the fevereft penaltif,
avoid carrying any contraband commodi
ties To prevent all doub or mrfundcr
tUmling refpecliDK what is contraband, ic
is screed that the (ollowinr goods lhall be
confidered contraband. (The remainder
cl" this article is a tianfeript of th article
of the convctrioii putliflieJ tit a former
paper.! T '
8. All Svfedifli fnhjedts are prohihitcf
and good form, wiihin fix weeks or founer if , privateers orain!l the Biij;e.
. ... . . 1 .1..!. i..n.ft. j
poUibe from the day ofligtung it. rem, inrjr muirtu ana property. , .
. in lenitnony of ihe f.ewe, the under. I 9 (hip cannot be employed
-f,gr.ed,furni(hfd with full Joweri,i.ave HII6erei.t. Pow.r to tranlport
bereuc.o funcd our name. and affixed or any warlike mpUment.
our feali. ' "ou,tl n7 wp'" be compelled to ho to
C.ven aiSt. Peterfburgh, the f'n, (fC.b) . exhibit a foiinal nrotcfl .estna luch vio-
cf December, t8co.
(Signed) .
CVRT VON StSDIMCX,
om KosToriiN.
fUerefolloai the rattftcaiion of their Swe
Icnre.
' 10. When a merchsht fhip it not under
convoy, and happens to be brought toby
a fliip of war or privateer be'onrjlntjto any
of the Helliiierents. the contain (ha' I not.
in that cafe, oppofe the fearching of Mt
1 1 ?'filW,,-! a" t0Un '"T l briM. but UliundfilUdully f fliall
t JJaCbnUdcloll, nd c.uot hgGn. J(;CUBcn; wLUh f7U w Uf
; -
i.
,