I'u&asiicd weekly by alixako. Hail, at TaftEK Dollars a YtAn.l
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1803.
2C
AN ACCOUNT OF '
LOU I SI AN A,
Being an abstract of Documents in the
r Offices of the Departments of State
and of the Treasury. ? . ,
Continued from our fast.
' Indians sn the M:3iri.
ON the Missouri and hi waters are
many and numerous nations, the best
known of which arc : The Osi'jes, si
tuated on the river of the same name ;
on the right bara of the Missouri at
about eighty leagues from itv eon fin
erice with it : they consist of one thou
sand warriors, who live in two settle-,
tnents at no crcat distance from each
. other They are of a frantic stature J
and well proportioned, are enemies of i
the w.iites an l of all other Indian na
tions, and commit depredations from
the Illinois to the Arkanzas. ... The
trade of this 'ution is said to be under
an exclusive 'rvU ; They are a cruel
and ferocious race, and. are hated and
feared by all'the other Indians. The
confluence of the Osage river with the
Missouri is about eighty leagues from
4he Mississippi.-.
Sixty leagues higher up the Missou
ri, and on the santa bank, is the river
Kanzis, and on it the nation of the
aama name, but at about seventy or ;i
Missouri, about 75 leagues above the
mouth of the latter, the Uiver Moingo
na or Riviere de Moine enters the '
Mississippi on the west side, and on it
are situated the Avoas, a nation ori-
i rjmally from the Missouri," speaking
the language of the Otatachas : it con
sisted of 200 warriors, before the small
pox lately raged among them.
' The Sacs anA Kenards dwell on the
Mississippi, about 300 leagues above
St. Louis, and frequently trade with it
they live together,' and consisted of
500 warriors their chief trade is with
the Michilimakina'c, and they, have al
wav bcw poacenble and friendly
The other nations on the Mississip
pi higher up, are but little known to
us. The nations of the Missouri, tho'
cruel, treacRcrous, and insolent, may
doubtless be kept in order by the Unit,
ed 'States, if proper regulations are
adopted Sjvith respect to them. -:."
IC is said tha no. treaties have been
entered into by Spain with the Indian
nations westward of the Mississippi,
and that its treaties with the Creeks,
Choctaws, Sec. are in effect superseded
by our treaty with that power of the
27th October, 1795. "
t Of lands and Titles. I
The lauds are. held in some mstan
ces by grants from the Crown, bxit
mostly from the Colonial government.
Perhaps not one quarter part, 01 the
icity, however, tne lanasaecune so ra- a: so a species 01 puuaa power, iiiey
nidly lhat beyond- fifteen miles the. hear and determine all pecuniary cau4
I soil is not well adapted to it. Above ses not exceeding, the," value of one,
I the IbcrVille the cane Would be affect-': hundred dollars..' When the suit is
ed by the cold, and its produce would for a larger su.m, they commence the
therefore be Uncertain. ' Within theac process, collect, the proofs and remit
j limits the best planters admit that ou'; tuft whole to tne governor, to re ctc
1 quarter of the cultivated land of any cuIed by the proper tribunal. vThey
J considerable plantation may be planted can inflict no ;. corporeal punishment
in cans, one ciuarter loft, in mature, excent unon slaves : .but tl-.cy have the
and the remaining half employed for. power of arresting'- and. imprisoning
provisions, sec. ana a reserve ior a, wnen iney wins, it necessary ; auvice
change of crops, One Parisian Ar-5f which 'and their, reasons must "be
pent of one hundred and eighty feet transmitted to the governor. ' "'".
square may be expected to produce' jv Small auitsaronctcrmined in a sum
On an average twelve hundred weight n;ary wav by hearing both parties vi-
of sugar, and fifty gallons ojruro. ? .v;; but in suits of greater mag- 'exacts large -auras. She attorney geti-
From the above data, admittin'' that muule tho proceedines are carried o erally receives tromtne party Vno-cm-
both tides of the river are planted for by petition and reply, replication and 'ploys him more than ia allowed by law
' ninety miles in extent and about three rejoinder, reiterated until the auditor ! Crintes,lriminai Jurfrtruden;e and
ikc of two and a hajf hours. The no-'
tavy has titty cents for each deciec or
order of the judge, .twenty-five Cents
for a notification in his office, and fifty
cents fur one out.of it, but fithin the .
cily j cr.e dolUlf and seven eighths for
every tiendcnce of two and ft half
hours $n " business, ana twenty.fiv "
cents additional f-r every leaf of paper
written .by. him. ..-,. 1 .
A counsellor or two have sometimes
resided ' a,t New-Odcansj but, bcin '
generally found obnoxious to the oft
iiccrS'Of the covernnuntr they have
not continued there. ' The counsellor ,
values his own services andin general
linety miles
fourths of a, mile iii depth, it will result
that the annual product may amount
! in round numbers to twenty-five thou-
! sand, hogsheads of sugar,' with, tvfelvo
!! puncheons of rum. Enterprjzing
y young planttfra' say that one-third, or
even one-halt of the arraale land might
be planted m Cane. It may also be
remarked ."that a regular supply of j
provisions front, -above at a, moderate'
price, wo , ill enable the planter to gi v e
his attention to a greater body of land
cultivated with cane. The whole of
ih inks .they have. nothing hew to sa'y,
jThen all the proofs either party chop,
st i to adduce are Jakenbefore the keep-
iCr oLthe-records of the court, who is
alwaysia notary nubltc, '. , v ,lt, t
T
In cases of petty crimes the cogoi.
zancc of the proper ocun maybe said
to be final and without appeal ; and
most cpmtnotilyxsuch catisca are tlecl-
!:fTb parties have now an opportune ded in, a summary way With respect
ty of maldr.g their remarks uptm the itocrimcs pi deeper die more solemnitr
1 t ,1 1. .. ...... r .V.,!..: ....rif i.tii.l. i A .L;)'u.t in tU. t....a
ibringing fr forward f opposing proofs.-U always nominated by the court to'
When the auditor considers the cause
as mature, he issues his decree, which
'receives its binding force from the go
jWrnor's sie-nature. where the caase
eighty -leagues" from its mouth. It H lands granted n LnuiBiann are held by
consists of about two hundred and fifty
warriors, who are as fierce and cruel
as the Osagcs, and often molest and
ill-treat those wno go to trade among
them. ""
Sixty leagues above the river Kan
zis, and at about twn hundred trom
complete titles ; and of the remainder
a considerable part . depends, upon -a
written permission?. a,Commandant,
Not a small proportion i is held by oc-
! cupancy with a siraplt crbal perrois-
sioti of.the ofhctr last mentioned., '.This
practice has always, been, foUnlenan-
the mouth of the Missouri, still on the !' ced by the Spanisfv government, ih ot
right bank, is the Riviere Platte or j'der that poof men, , when they found
Miallow Kiver, remarkable lor its . tnemsrives a a-., ease migui ai
iick-sands and bad navigation ; and i heir own convenief.cy apply for- and
near its confluence with the Missouri
dwells the nation of Octolactos, com-;
monly called Ot'os. consisting of about
these lands, us mat be supposed, arc! depends before lm. '
:. . '. - i - . ". . '- - .l.. a . ' . -( 1 ri"i ' -
granted J but in the Ytacapas -coun
try, there is undoabtf dly a portion, pv
r.alel tft the .sea-coast, fit for: the cul
ture of the sugarcane., . There vacant
lands, are to be lund, but. the propor
tion is at reuscr.t untnown, ' ; ;
! In t,he above remarks the land? st
!-Terre atux IVtuf, on the Foftrche, Ba-J
I'y.mi St. .Jtaii and o'htr iukts ol the
.Mississippi, south uf the latitude sup-j
losed to divide thors winch. arc fu,,
rom thosc which fire unlit, for the1
cultivation of thi ca;ic, have been c-ti-.
-There is an appeal t6' Havanna,'
uciena tne sccusea. vi ne trial is noc
public i but'4 exaftunations and depo
sitions in writing are token privately
by the nditort any time most con
venientto himself, at .whkh, ntverthe
less lhe 'intmMl rf thm nrhnm-rl in ad.
f "sTplied for withirt" five days after itnitted o be trciirnti ilt has also ev. -
jibe date of the decree, in causes above, jery kuid of privng9 granted to him
a certain value. i An ttlterior pppeal( jin mskingf, hjs defunce.- Such suit
,lies io th(f Audience which formerly ' re generally Tery tedlons and expen-"
nat at St. Dojningo, but which is noysiytv when he" is wealthy. .The con
jremoved to some part of Cuba, nnd dcrnned is entitled to' et ippl as in
from thence to the ' council of tire In- cjvil esses, provided lie gives security
dius in Spain. . ' j for the payment of the future costs.
I Suits are of various durationsr- In iThera apicars, however, to be a sir-
pccmiiary matters the law cncournp;e ,tual spptal in'evcry capital condemna
summary proceedings. An execution tion, becnuse a stavof execution takes
maybe had cn a bond in four days, place until the confirmation of the sen
and in' the same space on a 'note of ttmce reCuj-ns from St. Jago de Cubs,
two huivdred warriors, anions whom
are twenty-five or thirty cf . the nation
of Missouri, who took refuge among
them about twenty-five years Rincc.
f Forty league up the 'River Platte
jou come t the nation of the Paais,
composed oi atiout sc-vcu tmtidrrd war
obtain complete titles. In the' mean I .tirtly.kcpt out of ' view." C:. Including1
time such imperfect rights tire re suf- J-theseand taking oivct'air.l instead of haifd aHeralw party acknowledges it,' svhefe ihete is a grand tribunal estab-
fered by the government to . descend ' i ! .one-fourth of. the Un-' lit fcr 'Bttgar,' w aftr Uisi.lgnaiurl4 proved; Move- iinhei tonslsi'mg of rvc judges, before
tne proauce. of the wnole v.ould. be .able pvopnty is sold alter giving nn.3 vhom cotmsellars plead as in ' our
it be three CuurU. - v .
by inheritance,, and even to be trans-
fcrrred by private contract.- W Jien
requisite they hive le n. seized by ju
dicial authority and scld for the pay
ment of debts. - . - T . ' , '
' . Until within a few years, the gover
nor of Upper Lnuisi ma was authorised
riors in four nciiiuoriii rvillaircsi thev il to make surveys of any extent. Inthe
hunt but little, and are ill provided with . exercise of this discretionary power,
fire-arms s they often make war on the,! some abuses were coin mitted : a few
Spaniard ia the neighborhood of Sn- small moncpolies v. ere created. A
ta Fe, from which they arc not far dis- , buut three yearn ego. he was restrict-
' fifty . thousand 'instead 'of .twi-iity-five
thousand hogsheads cl sugar. .
i wThe ' folio w'uig Mfinti'jes ;f sv.g
trowu, claved and r.fnH-d.ltn-e been.
'..importct htq UoTtc l Sutes from
IjOutman-i am, lite i i.s'sa.,s, vr.
hi 1735 - - .
1800 - l,it:),86l
H', - ST,6'.
, U02 - 1,576,933
Of the Uv:.
tant. . ,
At three hupdro'l l;agnes from the
lIUoissir-:i ii ' liu'iin-'d fm,n the
Hivcr Pi '! : i '"..e s ni.t- bank are si
tuated t!r; n!.', f Miluis.
They crt'ti I iii 1 7 V C of five hun
dred wi; ".!.. b'it ac "aid to, have
been almost iuIo'J lal year by the
S-ili-r -:'..
"At i'.i'.-' inniri nhovc the Mahas
and oj tl.e left bt-ik of the Missouri
dwell U'.t Ponf to the burnbi-r t,f two
hundred tr.d fifty warriors, possessing
in comm.i with the Mahas thc'.r ln
quagc, ferocity, and vicfS.Th-ir trade
has never b.?n tf much tMmc, and
thflse engiged ii it arc exposed to
pillage atid iU-trcatment. ,
At the distance of 450 leagues from
the MUsinippi, and on the right bank
of tie MV.ouri.dwell the Alicara, t?
the mmb-r of 700 warriors, and 60
:,312 lb.
ed in this branch of his duty ; since
which he has been only- authorized to
nmke surveys to emigrants in the fol- !
for each roan and wife, fifty acres for
each child and twci.ty acrvs' for' each
.slave, t- Hence the qu ilHity cflandal- '
lowed tosettlers'lcpeikle.1 fn the mini-
ber in each fjiuU) ; aiid for this quim-,
' tiiy of k'ud they paid no more Ihan the .
expence of urvey, Thcw- gurvfys
.were ncceisif) to ensile the ttttli-rs A snnexed in the appwv'I-.N'o. I
days waiiniig, prcvided
times publicly cried in that inter val.'f ' CHalcs of great otmcity 'areery
L Lnnded property tiiustle l.ke.sc cVl-' rr.re. Murder by statbfng seems to
rd three tuftes, with an interval '.of .0 bci.oilined tothe bpshua itddicrsaml
luy balwen , eaab. fld it tfiKV Ihetf aiiors.,The tcrrw of thf VOo,ristvtttf 'a
be sold.; AH property taken in xe -power Testrains a3aults, batteries, li
xution must be appraised and sold for ots, Sc. ,;' t . , -; ; . ' 11
at Iran half of thu nppi aisement. ' In ! ' PuulslmicMi rre . petiemlly wild.
Ipecnniai y. matters the governors de- The y mot.tly consist orlnipriHonmtnt
jcide verbally without appeal, when the 'd payment of; costs, smnttimcs the
.sub'i lloes not excre im; hundred do!- stocks. White men, ri(t military, are
When t'n uni'itry was firat ceded;, l.trs. The Alcaldes have the same rei i ly, perhaps-.. Iicver deirrndcd liv
to Spain,. ,hc preserved nnny jf t!ic;'pvivilege when the amount is not above wl.ippinj; ;-aid in no case do any fines
Fi ench lobulations, but bv almost ini-j twenty dollars. , I go into the public trtrasm y. Murder,
p-rrt-nibltf drrr;cs they hare dU.-'p-;! In addition to thesq courts 4 yeaVs Arsotiiani apgravafid robbery of the
pcarcd, and at present the pi-ovinge i'itgo there were established four Alcul Villi's iraasury ir effects, ait r-tinislr-governed
intii tly by tlic laws of Spain, des de liartio, cr petty mai'iMratcs. d'Syith death, i HoljLerVi iif nnrate
orti iiu';ccs tormcd enprcsily. ,one lor each 01 tlie tour quarters of ine Waons to any amount rs Dcvtr pun-
to grants: and iht governor, and af
ter him the lu'.eiulant ntScw-Oi leaiilj
Was alfine ai! I -i4 d lo f xtcute pranti
on the receipt of the ir.vefs from the
.settlers. The admiu'.st ration of the
l ind-offire i ; present under the care
of the liueniint of the province. .
Thute are no fcui J rights tier
blssse. , ... - V-
U is impossible (e ?Ttrtatn the
leagues above the n. the Mindairns nuiii'itv of lands granted ihoutcll-
tion co.uls,n2 ofaboat 760 warriors 1 1 on t'is clain irt'sito cxhi nt their ti-
Lketrifci.. These two tut nations are lit: W,e rentiv InuK mcomril
te
and the
fur the colony. Various ci'dinaices;!tlty, with avi"v to improve its police, isbed "aitli ihrath, lut hj testilution,
promulgated by general O'Krilly, its Thrj hear and decide all demands ml 3mpi isit, jitTt, tid sointtimes' enor-
fii-st
same
governs Tiindtr JJjjin, is'wtll aajjexcccdiivj; ten do!Urs,-. txenise the ino'Jcts. 'Crimes sgaiwt the kind's
e othar l.is, arc .translated aVd .power of conunitiinf; topi Uon. and ia levei-.tic, sviwh 1 contraband lra!e arc
C
ui.rti
of
full;'
Case of robbery, r oi, or astaiS'iiaticin, iiini-.lied villi l.artl lkbor for life, ir a
thev ran, by'cftHing on a notary, take term of years, on board the trtlliea.
y TLc governor's court has a cir it er.d. jcognizahce of Uie affair, but wjbtn this the dines, or in tlie pullic woils.
r.'.ilitary jurisdietioi throughout thejiis done they are bound to remit the j ". i , ' Lejrrig. i.
province. That of the lieutenant r- 'proceedings omc,of tbt other jud,j There are iio collcgvs, ard but rja
vernar has the ssma eiteul tit civil ca-ct and in all ca'es vhattver,-to t'h public schtwl, whkh Is at hew0r
sesonly. - , ' , (them information whentbty hate com- ivar.i. ..The niattcrs of this irejuid
Thsrc ire two Alcal hi, whose jv.-'innited any la prison. , , , : by the king., Tlf y teach the ShauWli
I f.s liction, ci'. il and rnminai. extenr' j-Most of the suits are on personal language only j 1 here are a fey pri-
; 1'irouxb the city of Kew-Orlcsns and .contractw Yight lo dowrr, tnheritan whewda Lt rhildien. tint tnota
; five leagues. around it, where par-j'tes, and titles ti);tiJ. TTiose arising than half the inhabitants are ivppostd
ties.hwe no fitrmditnr or laUstay'jf.wv pcrcnal feuarriis are c;en-iaHv to bcsble to read and tite, if whom
privilege , those wJju have can tracs-I'decidcd "m a sumtr.ary ny The in- iiot more, than two hui.dnd j rrl.aps
Kr th'.ir eausta to the eovemnr. i I habitants are S lid not to be Diie'ioui. arc able to t'o it Wt!l. In ni,m i) .
svfUdiip'K'd t the whites, b-it hire anith-j mi; m i le by lue difl-rent The tribunal of the Intca Unt huiLavwi &d Cmis rf ike CVati eni ltarninj; A the inltsbitanv dots
been the yittlms of the Sioux, or Nan-. uivcvor encnl lnvin been byrtft i. torniiatweofadrrtritty andfcalesu-' iUir OJatt . ,t ixivnd beyond hout two sttt( tl ukh
dawcsiies, woo being tl4cmsclvcsvr.il' Mine fi'cs at New-tirusns ol 1TKJ s?i, and auch sum fts are brought for. Tl.e number of lawyers it imatl,r.ot thev seem to be tndott!.-Aiil, a go d
N'o estimate has been ob-
ani If M.
taincd.
Ail lc Lmdson both sl5 of tha
provided with fire arms, have taken ad-
s-antsjre of the defenceless situ itinn of
the others, and have on all ncaions
murdered them without mercy. I MUslsnip ii, from the dU'aiHe of klx- j
Kodiscm-riee on the' Missouri bf-1 tren Wzvcs Ulow New-Dilcani to,
yond the Mandant nation, have bren- U.ttmi Houc, arc crantrd totht depth
accurately detailed, though the traders J i f forty acres, or near half a league,
have been informed, that many large ;'wV-h is the ual depth ofall Rraots.
tisyieabk risers discharge thtir wa-i Somelwve double an.'. Itip'errairta-.
ters into It, farabove it, and that there VllnithioMy, they have Iwiee or tin 1 ;
are maty nutncroui nations settled on ,1 forty acre in depth 1 -and titer have j
them., . J;i;iants tii'fn ttR fitrt theMisitippi !
Thifnoux, or MandowessJca, vloi to the s a or the lake bt-l.ind them. ;
t the recovery if money ic ihd I'm Js exceeding three or four utlornica. natural Rriiiua, and an fcixfcn mon fa.,
. m AH a'i!r at in mv . 1 111 m tm mt b 1 t it 1 , tl dk 4 mmt !.,MniiiMni t- a . , ft . .
frequent the country beta ceu tl.e north
Dar.KOl tne aunsoun an ;
are a great Impediment ta trade and
invitation. They endeavor to prevent
ill tcmnuulcstir.n with tha nstion
dwelling hish ttf tl.e Misiot.ii, lo de
prire them vf amtf i.niticn and arms
and thus ktep IHew so'ivcri'uut to
Ih'irtult. In the winter thy art
cl i !) an 'he bank if the ,Mi'.ion
atid tnait.iie all who fail bio theii
Iwii's.
fvic'f P t.un.bcr of ns'ums at
a titvire Horn the banks rf tie Mia-
to tbr t.rn'i and vmth, roncf r
mhoU butl,M.l j Infirmation ha.
v..nrfelv?d. ncturnii..; lithe M
In nthrr twi of the country the pt&
pie, brin iiiefally acttlcd . in the
banks of creeks or rivcrt, have a front ,
f from aitty to frty arna, and the
i'rai.t almt fnsarial.ly expreuvs a
'.rnihidrty acres. AU the lands
in;r;r.ted in the island of Ner-Or-';
'fim or on the uppoMte bta rf the j
MiMWs'rpi, 6c stoArii, inundated. !
usd at pTfset t ViiiCt 1 r ruhivat.on j
Mtt m) , "i t pan, be rrrlilinrd at fu
sure i'ay by tUt1ii.S t: e neb ana en
terfriimr . -
The uar-at? riay be Ciddatfd
Ktetn the rit r l itfv.l'.e and the ci
v, on lo'h lid-s ei tii r in4 at
wauic or HK4IHS iimu , , ,
The tribunal of the Akable Pfovin.
cist 1.M ecnijnee of criminal can.
tes, where ofleticts are ton. mitted io
th! country, of vulrn the triia'.aal
takes refuge there, aci in other spec)-
bed cases t
fhrir fees are svni.ll. , Kui's are oar- tiKty e leun.irc: t hatevcr the tn-
rkd cn in wrilirifpcalUdfjjfi.whitli deilabc.
may be drawn tip ly the parties them. : Tht Chunkl
selves, U they please, but tl.ty must Tht tlrTKj coiuim of a lubrp, fc0.
be ptcicnted by thcVir rirjn orrwftary 'does not reside in, Uit pnvlme, snd
wto Is the keeper of the VccorJs i the wh salary wf four thousand dollars
coort. . f is chanred 4in. the revtnuc of rH.rt
Theerclels'ieatr',iHt'sa JitrU.Jt The fcrs of the ju'lj-ea are twenty, bishoprics in Mciico snd 1 iba ; tain
diction ia all uuttcts reajiwetiii the .fire err.n f.r every half signatnre or cstiens having cat ha salary of six buti-
tl.nrrti , j.ftaimlt (which is vii ally alPsed on tJrfJ dollars and twenty f.ve turattSj
The ctvrrs:-, lin.tensnt JtorcTnr.'joir.mon oci ssivns.) filtjr eenttfurrtc- Cve for the city of Ntw-Oi leans, an I
Alc:.IJr.'lotti,diit, provincial Alrab ry wlmlo ab;nattire, and u'o dollirs twenty fwr as many country psrishesi
de, and the Prtmsor in ecclesiastical sud thrcf'.fourth for every aucejan.f, who rertite each from thric l.tnlnd
muse, ate rrpectielf sole ju as at a ssl or the taking i f evidence. r,d sixty to f4ir bundrtd and eighty
All aentei.res s fleeting the life ol the 1 he feel of tht Abofcado, rctsin dollars a year. ' .i,te ssUrics,csrri t
tulprit except those af the AlcaHe consulted by tht judrxa on law points, thattltha lUl.ep, lof.rtbcr ib tu
Pniviniial.raust be rt'.f.ed by tht siiv'ane .twelve and a Mf cents f?r every a'loUee fuf sscrliveLs ti.d thavl
pel ior iriounaj,ir cajiuiin general, ac iei 01 wmcn inc protets sortvuti,;ta expirees are paid ly tht trrtury at
cording to the nature of taa tauae.hf four dollars for every pvint of Uw cU NewOrlr.ns, aod smour.t kt.aui.lSr j
fort tht f ara tsxriei Into et-cutin trd. Those of the attorney, when em. iWrttth thouaarid dollars. "t
lher,ovcnier has nst the power of ployed, are usty tyro aul 1 half cents .'I here is s1m at that nlace a emu nt
I-it a si
pvr Jot.in etimina'.t. An auditor and
lhfl5 TVetaii-! 01 tsciito. but If tf L'ftur.nt ta wL'.ri. U kfirf.. .
an aivfssir, wbi art sutton of Uwt it aboul 1 be n c 1 mry to read a pro.rf ii bout a tht urat.d strts of lat.d, rtnted,
are appoint.! to Rive tonnstl tj thma Jfv enlef to fopt. Us prii'.iwn, and it out its Ihrtt plkt.tatWni. Tb t.uos
i iUsbt f a so we titot put thtra ahfyld Te,uitf tivorli tln, ato Uir, ait lov ti,itt4tr t ottntretl.anUn
has bteit n assesstir. ?If the iod-rs ii is cotmvema'-d iu v in, be. ortwiWt, and art all Krtn b. Tbite
OH cans-dl tVt ( m or o not i.HfStwtlfr and a l.s'Jctr.tv fer leaf tt fcimsrlf abeut the aafut nv.tr.bf t
Methtlrcp'r.ior.vli.ry n.ake them- for pervji.t : iw .w ,... J'ora"f,:. if Sf ardsbUitietUM gbt to ih cr
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