aT'IT'sV t h 7 PUBLISHED (weiktr) Ijtf ALLMAMD LLi- tUESDAY, JANUARY-1, 1805. A It 11 Ktl ' : FT dtiH "- POLICY Of RUSSIA. TH AT-thePrracfa Revolution bus over-. throwa'the ancieWfystem J&f the Balance of Europe t-i it IpuiWwiopS, lis .'a truth unk . Tersally ackn wUdgejd - oscillations : which have takca pUcigi ip thepolicy of al most every state wnie twtevenVsufficiently 'wove that none of tbeifcij ''jet fas',ieuletl itself in Usnew:sttiim'gVm'"a A few years -ago all j&aroe- was leagued against France. Prussia, ' heaver," soon de viated into a suspicious" imraljtj;--RHSsla entered into the vnt in impassion and left it in apeU She forwdanntinjathioti with the filler of Franccta i adiustHhp newteFrl torial arrangenientV aM lViUci? infiuehce fx!e Germanic Body f nd now we see Bus- iia and France falUninto open hostility, to the indulgence of which, la deeds of arms," physical obstacles seem alone to Interpose. . Some of the French politicians have much . .recommended, a steady and constant alliance between France and Russia, as calculated to secure the tranquility of Europe, both in the North and South,, by equally couUouling the powers that influence in each. But that sys tem, though perhaps it. might answer ex tremely well in quiet times, Ic after a state of power $c possession to which European nations have been ivconciled by the time &habit,ishot likely to succeed when a. general discontent promft3 every one to covet & pursue some ob ject to change or improve its situation. 'Far less -Mill it succeed whenbth or one of the'partics is actuated by a vfofent arid insatiable spirit of ambition. France is now animated by that spirit. The French Government is not disposed to secure the repose of Europe and its owm acqnhi'uions by forbearance, hut by .ction. It is tiot in the nature, of things that the French government at present should he inactive ; indeed, if it-were 16 descend to that system, its neighbours would, by mistak ing quiet for imbecility, soon rouse" it again to activity. All ambition of conquest and aggrandisement is impelled by two princi ples. It i in its own nature active and stir ring ; but as it always excites jealousy and ill-will, it always has enemies ready lo take advantage of ' its indolence or want of fore sight. Thus a conquering power is, in a certain view of the case, always acting in self defence, even when it attacks.. .We do not believe that the French government dare tae to e reitleM,'turbuknt"and offensive. - Tha moment it adopts a pac'ifick system, it will be assailed in Us torn and force J to de- ' Itnd itself, because' Tjii' its pacifick sptem would its neighbours discover a favourable op($oiluriy to regain or to acquire. Our situation in India affords an apt illustration of this necessity. No enlightened statesmun ever cxpcts cAir vast empire there to be long at peace. The moment we cease to do mischief we sh:dl be called to account for ; vhat wc Ime-diMiev Our. moderation will lie weakness, so thai we mist be in perpetu , al hostU'ttics uith thu enemies wc Cnd or " make. " -v . " It is evident, therefore, that France and . Russia are not likely to agree in sharing the government of the rest of Europe. Buona parte indeed, there-is reison to believe, has deceived the Enipcrour of Russia aT to va rious stipulations which lormt-l the condi-' t'mns of their momentary union. But we doubt much whitlier Huia, either seriously expected that the King of .Sardinia would b restored or pbta'ur &u adequate indemuity. But the French. Ciovernrocni has probLbly disappointed the expectations of Rusia, in points of which the public is U prccitl but impetfccly iirornd. If lu wever the French Government 1. as not "kept wj fnith-willr the cH-of-Sw-Pterfc-. bu. gh in p-omotin;; the objects of its ambi tion, thu mini'.tvrsof Uuttia have shewn con sideral.lc dcxtrpity in pursuing its, policy. The estnMMiuv;m of the Retniblick of the Stvrn hbrvU, which ban, in Uct, become a Uussiin coluny, was a jitastcr stroke, and it lia been scr skilfully followed up. lUn.ua. !rtc never committed i greater error thran : concurring in tht estuMUhmcnt for Bus sis, lie liasbitU'tlv repented of it, utid there , wjs a lime he mediated that orcupj tion r.f 'lhf Republic nf the Seven lhtnds, t'ic'i ft'tia umler the fivouroflhc ( rcstiit circu.tist.inccs of Europe, has so hayi'Ity ef fectcd. It will ht ic nu'nilitrtd, that in the repot t of Stbaktiat.i, which, with iuconciiva hi; m",-dies Buu'tdiiarte caused to be pub i'.'ted, that vajwuring cnxcnmb jrve an pc "tuunt of hi- reception cf one of the Islands, and of the faveursl.lc diipo. itionorthe natives in j-vccWc tlw I'rciich. This puerile pultica liurKof Ihe Flench designs mM have in. 'tKcd IUsii t ar.tkipute i'trm, had not the Co ;il of Fctttkbuibccn alreaily sufncicrUly dispottd. ' ' ' Mny eircin ,nce base conruireil to i!iwihs etrsgj antifty 'nh sthieh Hoisia l.jsU&ourtfl to odraife her position to tic S'Hilh. V',tTiirnce hs sHiwrt thnt 'the ,deiue of pB'tr Uj Iri'ftU of t dishing a 2rrit nviil pocr in the Bltic Iji ed. It ii alut tte only frcat drsign of that tiiipihr h.brin wU'uli has failed j yit in trtin that scwcmt be did ll that iitiry and . tutumsunc; libtftd, and he partly sue cec'titd..'Butthose',whoarebest acquainted w'uh . Russia, confess the'abstirdity of attempting to raisb a great and commanding ftaval force in a sea that is frozen up six months in theT year, and manning that navy" with boor's. The events of an hundred years, and the. steady4 'prosecution! of a political system, whichlajhe hands ofa. great power always ensures iuccess, bas effected Peter's objects,, and no-only brought Russia into the Black Sea, buV given her the entire dominion . of it. The nstdgatioa of tbat'kea, connected with the navgaiioo tof .the Mediterranean,' anfl - commerce which Russia may carry on,'must by degrees give her that navy which she coveted and with it elnvost all the othtr ob : jects other "ambition in the Soj3tlFst-"4)f E.urqp; Sliljsoon may have th whole sburcesofther.Tirrkjj-h marine, once Lr from, . Wipg despicable, Will with more faci lity gain the influence she de ires.' Her in fi' sues in the North wjas acquired by blcddy wars, in which she gained comparatively nothing but reputation and experience. A , more splendid reward awaits hcr.if she con tinues to pursue her obvious poljcy in the Black Sea and Mediterranean. Even during the wild and extravagant ca reer '6T "Paul, the Mediterranean was the grand object with which the war' against" France was' connected It was to Italy that . the Russian army was sent. .The Russian fleet was sent fo the Mediterranerii-;. Rus sian troops were sent to Naples. v The kings of Sardinia and Naples were take? i-r.dei protection of Russia. The firnic ol Rdssia was spread round every shore of the Mvditcri'art-, an, that her reputation might precede mi U cilitae her ooruinion. The same couisti'r,u with Italy and the States of the Mediterrane an, has since assiduously and afiectedly been maintained. Theve can be no 'doubt, there fore, that flow Russia, having obtained an 'establishment in the Archipelago, from, which. she can influtnce all the adjoining'Tciiritrics. : of Greece, is determined to .extend and con solidate her powr in the south of Lurcpc. She now will send forth her fleets and ar mies by the So'cth, instead of tlie North, and her name will ri?.e to a splendour round .the shores of the Euxine an. I the Mediter ranean,, which 'it .could never have trained not to be assumed that Russia is animated by that dismtei-ested seal th.thas been iVii- puteu to her. Doubtless it is a desirable hrng that the. power of FrariCtrrshould-fae-: reduted, but will that feeling prompt Russia to afcts when her losses 'would be her Own, 4fld the advantages redound to her rivals or her enemies ? If Austria will nut, move, will Russia move further than her cwn interest -dictates? ' :. It is not to indulge politicaVreveries, fee construaion fcif which requires some smaK-' collection of materials and knowledffef but " , it is doiyight folly and ignorance io talk- ta Kussta landlnR mt;n in llolsttfin, drivHi- f the French' out 'of Hanover and such-like" absu'rdit its. We., baye . ';constanly : wittie'd"---' bui readers against .paying ztty'sxmfi.iort to. these-foolcvies ; and if; ou,r Mmistcrs expect' ' to create a divisicn in the North of Evlrope by means of Khssia ahd Sweden, tlwy will Shew themselves grossly,-,, ignorant of the means, the interest1!.' atd the i.ims of thait' power with which ' y are' desirous tc con federate, i " n the precetling part of litis -artice'we have erulcavotuvd to shew "at there was very fmle probability of IJustfia making any - considerable efforts by sea or lund aj;ainst: France, in- the'Nqrth,- and that her policy', would Lo to strengthen Lcr position n the Mediterrarfenn', bidding .defiance to'the'hds tilily of her opponent. ' ' It is -evident that the French Government entertains much more' apprehension uf the lo'.iAequtnces which may result from Russia being permitttd to pursue her bclulnes cf ..cgran'diii-inent in that quarter, than from her exertions in the Nort'i. .-Buonaparte is fuiiy sensiLle that he cannot directlVj by force of arms, prevent the completion of the designs w hich the "occupation of tie Se ven Islands' has begun. His fleets are block , aded ui in .Tovdcn, unM r.p impediment cx-, Uts to the ii.diXini'.e extension vl the Russian ' 'forces in the Ionian Islands, if the Turk's coi tir uc to grant a free j. ssags thiDUgh the Bosph.'ru and the Dardanelles. In order therefore, to put a stop to the growing power arid influence of the Rus sians, in the 'onipn Sea and the admen? country, the French Government set us lo in the black and inhospitable ltgjis of the employ every efi'orlVo prevail upon theiirai'd Pal'ick. , . . J.. Seignior to. sliut the p-.'.5sagc of tlie Bos- Tlie war hetiveen England. find France has , ; phcrous. It perhaps, may be U)MlrfeAVotv afforded to 'Russia, eveiy facility she could ever, whether the Turkish CoKramvut-viU have desired for the'-attainmerit of her ends, i; vertute to do so. That passage was grvMcd She has strei.pthened and loilified htr pii- '; to the Russians, not from ignorance of the lion in such a manner as to bid U flai.ee to d:atger with wh'uli the ccncessir.n was preg a coup de main. It would Tt quire a power- jj rant,' but from a convir.rioii tliU it might ful expedition to dislodge her; but there is j be extorted by force, The Turks have now that this country would per- I! "alien into an aPject leirour oi me l.ussu.n little probability tbat tins country would per mit France to disiodge Bussia Ircni an im portant position in which she wished to establish herself. Our fleet in the Mediter ranean therefore is the t'.uislan fleet. Under iUj protection Russia completes her designs inXhe Greccian Islands." Nor do wc "con ceive that our fleet in ihe Mediterranean is ! ill .employed in that service. We can an- J ticipat no danger to our interests from the i growth of a power m t.ie south-east of Lu-i-opc, which in all probability, must always be the rival of France for grcrtr.ess and do- I minion. It is an ascendency which in the j present cirtumstances of Europe, cA nei- i ther prove injurious lo our commercial nor j poli'ical interests, ihougli for rca6ns which ! wi',1 be. mentioned, it M ill tend fur the mo ment to desuoy every chance of an tRicient continental confederacy ueaintt Fioncf. Jt m.iy not hurt cur future interests but it viil not serve ur pftst'iit purposes. There is every reason lo hrtitve luuvever that Minis- ' tn hive not been aware of the consequences l- t( thtf lijgyvtjiHij-jiJjiJhti Arclupcjago. " : Nr have they brtn insen-iLle how" this" I ; country a "indirectly promoting tf.cir sue : cess. 1 , Svme conjecture too, that unless the Crand I ; Seignior afl'ords every ficility U-ibe Russian ' projects uiiiesi he p.iws thm the entire command of the Bosplrorus, the 1iiks will be attacked and the magnificent tiews of I'eter and Calluri.te may be realized. The Radian have a port and a depot in the Archipelago, and they may attack Coiutan. tinoplc ou every side. At any rate the over'hrow of the Turkish power in Europe is but deferred, even if the present favoura ble opportunity were to I lost. If our view of the subject then he corrrut, the whole object of Russia, jn the event uf ii war wlih France', wtU be to strengthen and confirm her position in the Arthiptbgo, and by consequence extend her influence and authority in the jMorca, without risking any thin lo the shock of war and battles. She will reserve her fuiee and her resources for' that quarter in which Erancc it likely to excite opposition to her views, fend where loo she has most solid advantages to acquire ' We have cicr been cf opinion, md arc s'ill, thai Bus! will nrt at present attempt in htm auy forrr in act in ihe North, or 6the Northern frontitri ofFranrc. Ii wouU lc risking every'lhing, ami nothing to gam but reputation, which may be better acquired I another qsarter. Not mention the want of financial rcourc,theliopclenci of shaking the military towcr of France unaided ; it ii power, ana tnnugii uiey cannot oouot the ' views of ihat natron, they are willing to prrchase a respite at the expenry even of increasing tins hu thtr dagger. If the Turks, were to declare that no moie Ri".ian ships and troops shpirld pnss the Bospl.on.iVi, Ric tia il may be easily imagined,- would not qlirt'y submit to that interrupriuu tl'-hcr fli.ns, It is the object of. the Frcrh v .wumuiit, however, lo stimulate the Pc tte to this measmeV trusting that thiy should l;c able to supi ort their ancici.t Ally in br ix-sistance, were. Russia to 'attempt main taining this advantage by-force. The Turki, of themselves arc little able to resist ihe power of Russia, which in the event of a war, would, perhaps, be brought directly against the capital itself. Indeed an attack upon Constantinople, by sea and bod, which the Russians could make, would in all fu'obuCility, be successful, as the 1 urk isb government is in no respect prepared to resist "it. The French, ''indeed, would Mipply them'with effictrs, but ti e Turks are "fuu stupiirahJ prcfumparonf -tobe jided by them. Il was in Constantinople that the Gretk Empire was vvrrthroun by ihe Br birianlof the Cress and Creictnt, while the provinces were "a prey lo anarchy and con fusion. The present state of the Tuikiih Empire justiCesthc comparison. Thc Rus sians by their fleet in the Black Sea, might even reduce Const sntinop by fumine, by intercepting the supplies which come frr-m the provinces on which ii is new, in a great measure, forced to e'epend, since riisWcr and civil war have raged in those from which it formerly derived it subsistence. But in case lie Turks should, frcm a dread of the HusMan fewer, still Mintinuv to grant every facility for the rxu-nrion cf that power, which they know threatens their try cxivtence, the French povirnmtnt have net failed to employ every act and suggeMicn to alarm ihe Court of Vienna, mpitiin( the Russian establishment in the loi.lan UUndt, and ila probable consequent et. It certainly weart a suspicious ppeoraote, thai Kustia should be collecting so great a force in ihe island of the Ionian Sea. It is ridiculous lo luppon thai these forces arc meant t attack the power tf France in Half, nd to preieite tbe alliea f Russia there. Unless ihe arm' tf Ausliia were to ctcfpy Ihe French elwwheie, all the Hoops Ruts'a could at "present land In V.aly weuld trenie. diattly be defeated. That cannot lc Ihe object. The Com W f Vienna not a ly mnt ct tcrtain cme jblouvt of a t:itnin-iab lishmerit In the' Mediterranean, or on thc'" shores of Greece, which pi cbtLly inteifties with itswn maritirte prcspects, but it caii -not.be indifl'erent to the possibility of an -attack on C'onstamincple. iislf, either nowr or; at 'some future pericd, when Russia ha united and-consolidated the great means run within her. .reach- In a s.ery short t,iipe all the Greecian islands, with -their suppiy cf tea men ic. will b,e al-lhe.dit-pt sij cl Russiii... It was considered veiy -doubtful pohcy'of. Joseph It. to connu so far.witlr the views of Cfctjiarine, in her plaiis tf overthrow ipg the -T'tM-Jtish Einpii e To' reduce to impotence an eiwniy- by wlumi the Ausjian Monarchy had so 9Rffi ,been tr.vugbj( j-it4iin a Ijaif breadth' of destracJixui,uvsdt'idiC)ebs poll tick, and wise,-but ? it 'never can be the interest of that tiouse, to sulT'er" th'fc'seat cl the Turk-, ish power in-Europe," i'Yul:vitji it, .probably," its ir.ot valuable possessions, .to be transfer red to Russia.; ,M. St.tr"iirvt1.e elder, ilates,. in bis nates on Fav-er-axelebrattd Memciix, that he-has frequently heard JustphTl. sty, '." -That though Austiiu bad often been iu imminent Uaitr by the Tin bans, it would be in a much worse state if the Kussian Bonnets ot Coiistantino'ple." Considering, indeed, thrXRiissia is a ccighbouring power to Austria, considering her vast power and unbounded ambition, it canr.ot be the inter est, or policy of Austria to connive .at any acquisitions tha't would render her still more formidable. It therefore is: as much, the interest of Austria as of France, to'Watch tl.u'T"' growii' power of Russia. The vjews of am bition which are imturai to every grent Vtatt,- -and which the House of- Au'itf it-aS ' ' al? ways c.itrishetl, mut now take a utw di rection. The loS of 'the NetheVluids, ha& rendered ail acquisition ' in ih,M quarter im possible. France end Pn sia will never ' suffer her. to obtain miy fnther, or at h as: ...c or.s ide r ab.! e o S cess i oil . of t e r r 1 1 o ry i n G e i;-' nianv. The Turkish Empire on every side prt'-ients tevupting booty. , But Russia is the -rivi.I of ;uch views,' and .will' oppose them, unless some plan of paitiiicn can be adjusu.l lo satisfy r-cth. In the'mme manner Au stria must naturally resist vry exclusive plan of conquest whicii Russia may entertainTut tlu? ?xcnse of the Turkish Empire. In this respect the views of Piussia, r.ust -be the same with ihtree of Austria. She must be led to oppose c-vpry acquisition of Russia, for wb'u;hshe retth'estno ccwiyWnt, , because she already fetU the prpoit!efsnce cf Russia in the poliickn ol the Not ih. . If tlu n there be uny reason to 'apprehend that. Russia still entertains those gigantic views of ambition, whVh the overlhiow of the Turki'h power is lo satisfy, and which her present conduct seems So cou;itemnci( there is little doubt that Austria end Prussia, both will concur wi'- France in epposing her. It is evident indttd that the French goveti, ment has hhoured, and not wiihou' success. lo alarm ihe jealousy .of the Couil of Viei-na. Sliould Russia persitt in thete tcherr.ic's. which manifestly aim at the very heart of the Turkish Empire, jt wculd not be sur prising to find Austria opposing her by force' of arms. It may therefore be the policy f France to instigate the Turks to a tupluru with Bussia, in ord'.T io give employment to the arms of the latter ; ar d kr.cwir.g too, thai in case she wcie to be successful Austria would' interfere lo obstruct her .complete triumph, and the entire gratification of her ambition. We shall rot at prestnl enter into any ex amination hew far the arms of France end Austria, or how far a Frin'ch army, with the concuricnce of Austiia, marching by the shores of the Adriuick, might ofpese tho dcsignof Russia in the Moves, or even de "fend thr Turkish Empire should it-be at--lacked' on any ether side. Vc have no doubt, however, that cveiy ifforl would be employed to compel Russia lo abandoii her pity. . That enquiry, however, at pitsent might appear tinntcemaiy. If, however, the Eussij'o government he sincrre and disinterested in the hostility which il professes to the system and princi ple ol aggracfliatmrnt pursued by France, it will give no room for suspecting the purity cf its intentions. While Russia continues to pursue ohjecte of tmbiiicn, which ll.o other power of Europe must naturally op pose, it is in vain In expect that I hey will coi, federate with her to act against France, lkr professions, then fore, ore tain and nu gatoiy. SI e in eflca conftmsnnd strength ens tint Power against which she avows hostility. '1 he suspicious cti.uct of Russia in the Mediterranean, is che ciuse (among other,) why Ausliia cannot he expected la co-operate in a wsr apiust rrance. If ihth lle Fmperoiir Alexander mean t eiffrtthf force ofhls Empire in Ihe causa cf indcptnilenru end of Europe, let Him dis claim all personal viewv-lrt him hold forth grcimdi of conduct 'in wl.ich other nailer. a would concur r rnund if ar fn which it would Le gloiiou to tucrrcil, nd in tho miintenante "of which, tven failure wtulJ Le free fitundisrace. l t.ChrvttUltt PATH oFnoiuailoR s.aL at this ointL.

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