f
rrr- --t---
, 'fit
t
r-i .
; it 1 with 0Ttnct--Ifl areiwaentanve dc-
raocraV, however, when powers aredele-
gatea, me aannwsirauon-oi. me govern
' 'K rocnt, by the people, ia -thurollective
apacity,' is repugnant to ts- estence-I
'jidmitf.. that the constituted authorities
Should not be directed bt Popular asstra-
, blies t but they embarrass i and (He phusi-
and a wretched ambition of popularity, will
too frcqrwBdy operate to the detriment of
, - the Republic The force of pinion should
. - be opposed to this 'encroachment upon the
. '.constitution glassed oyer with the illusive J
, .varnish, the will, ot the people When
a . i - i ; , .v "' ' .
- ,muc opinion, ruicv tax en tms course, v-en,
. .Washington, whose patriot bosom despi
,v Jtd t popularity to be gained by unworthy
V. means, the sau UUc ;cf An honest decision,
,'lftadf this declaration jnext t the eon
1 .scienctpus discharge of my duty, wpuld be
. , 1 the. approba'uoil of- m'v constituents.. ' Ih
' i- t governments t 'xr- rhwtftKe people
, MU-e,not 'ackfioweuj-tJv se expressions
)" jnay be encouraged by the patriot, because,
' r ih6y .weL. abided .with JjL accession of.
. ?rstrefagth to ,the popular causeBut in our
v verofMnts, emanating front the , people,
' ; .the magistracy, confided for short periods,
v V to those whose honestv and talents, should
s 4 ' , . ui8unirvisn uicm, me- expressions oi mere
.y, etn,tifeeUe 'government, without the
. "; ' racldhion of a single ptivileee tathe people.
. . . i'-To, suppose that the opinions of men tk
! 'vJken at a .moment of excitement and in' the
. ' w? lLtnfusion of, large assemblies, can be the
'', J 4orrect or reaisentimenW pf the. people, is
Ji chroax ot delusion ;OnvBuch":kca
l0".?" are mislcdi and in-
.-'? jftion of ,an apfteal to the jodnncott. These j
M admonitions by the peoplelesseit theres
SZi if; .pect for constituted authorities, and with
, an habitual disrespect for them, is connect- ,
"7' '' -ed an' indifference tothe govemmeht, and
y;:;;nimpatience' under legal control, v ; :
V r The s nrincipJe of equality properly un
Jjliu ,lJ,idetood while, it ensure to the Republic
'.the first talents, preserves her irorn the m
f .uence of aristocratical propensities. , By
i-tenouncing, except cm emergenciesT a rc-
J. jcourse' to th 'people lal their aggregate
' .consuiuiions, we; escape inc nuciuaimg,
; v-and; contradictory imbecipty . pf , a pore
Vl)cmochey.; .To this, equality and the re-
; presentative system, where is the eompari
:,Jaon in history?' Rome was a theatre of
.i .contention, benveenthe patrician and Pie
, .bian the boasted tribunitial power like a
-tay of light, without irradiating, served as
( torch to faction and the, bloody scenes
i of the Forum paved the way for despotism.
; In the Athenian assemblies of the people
',.the good sense bf the nation was led astray
.', 7 Jby.the adulatory and sophistical dcclama
:' .m qt corrupt, orators, . Their decisions
.Were made without consideration, ' execu-
. 'kited without firmness, or abandoned from'
.. .instability. " The enercy of one man,' Phi
. Slip of Macedon, was more than a match for
; . 'Attick eloquence and mere patriotic dei
.'.. -.'.clarations. n.:r ; t , . . ;
' ' It is a constitutional clause, that stand
',, Uig armies are dangerous to liberrvv r- That
-"we should adhere to this sound doctrine;
',and yet put citizens present an unmiliury
j " '.ebaracterr altiwuKh, improvident and un
' ;1 justifiable,. may be traced, to thc;proud
"-. j confidence of : a gallant people, and the ex
V", es8:of another repubhean maxim.. The
. policy of not confiding the government,
- ,and ue defence of our country, tothevir
' tQQ and patriotism of those-who might
4 . . compor-t Wcf tegular troops,' has not aani-
' . .hi late d danger, but imposed a duty on the
citizen to acquire that skilL which may
.entitle him to the character of a soldier'
- .:.'A Militia, well armed, well trained pre
- , , serves the martial spirit of the nation ; is
. , , ; the bulvrark ; of our liberties and the
i.' . strength of our country , but if known
only on the muster roll, , is the source
of anxious ' solicitude to' every friend
V, of hlstountry, aad the derisipnbf ht ene
mies. , i nc most serious uangvr to be ap
r.ess, tfit tone of a republican mind is rm-
tired i poverty, however honorable, ! es
teemed disgraceful : we mvtte ambition :
and the passion for1 hereditary honors and
the pomp ot royalty, will eradicate that spi
rit, wmcn we storm oi mignty warcoiua
ne?er agitate.- The Rdman of the repub
lic, the intrepid JNIutius, having forfeited
his life tothp .enelMy 6f hjcpuritryi thrust
his haiid into a fire burning on an altar be
fore him, and exclaimed,.'1 it Is the loman
character to act: and to suffer like heroes".
In the degenerate periods of the empire
"J0 VSItU HCVl VA UtVlSAUySfl MJf VA
dent (republic, and to com-ert the people
not only agnat their will, but without their
knowledge, into humble supplicants for fa,
tor and mercy at the feet of a foreign porf
r?p, V''';';'' !.'-''-: -'.:if
' A 'V ' r -K y Coujd such things heV '
' Andbirercomeuslike asummers cloud,
Vithout our special wonder? v '5 y
It is impossible that such Can be the spi
rit of an excellent frame of government
It is a spirit of national limitation not a spi-
Jie people flattered the infamy of those by nt of indefinite extentionv ; It is a spirit of
t oppressed. 4 i " J j republican jlohor, not a spirit ot national
whom they were"
;" The nroipcctive elance to the Influence
of opinions and habits which may dttcrldi j
rate, 'cannot be followed by a more appro
piiat vieif i than that which presents 'the
fairest prospect , of jtic,duraUon bf 'buf
happy constitution.? The basis of a popu
lar, covemmentii the vtrtue andmforroa-
decradation.
' Again, i .will be said that, alithbugk the
letter on this Part of the constitution may
justify the coarseyhich is how pursued, ye
tne letter of another part, of that instrument
cbnclusiy.. to ' mec contrary., ' " Each
Hbuse mavdetermine the rules of its prb-
tion of the people i fbr as all political pow ceedints, H-&C. It will be contended that
: -' t. . S r .4 l .! . ' -1 II II -t ti : 'a . 1 j.L
er aenyca irom tnem, au.muuuions uiuav ii wre xouse oi vepresemaiivcs navrog ww
proceed from the same source. V-An en- J hs3ied certain rules upon this point, andhav
lightened bationt with a 'government, ps J j thus acted clearly within the puriew-of
sessing in (its strncture, , it own -refoBri It iticonstitutional powers., it act In that case
and, extracting from the community by jl iatalid and binding, at all times and upon
frequent ejections hi quickening principle, ii aapersons.-1 his objecuon has been anti
-a -..-:
can be enslaved only by an abandonment
of virtue or an Ulapse into ignorance.-
M, Of. all' the habits and dispositions which
lead - to political prosperity," religion and
morality are the indispensibie supports."
This ientiment wV the legacy of the" Fa
ther of his country I may the impression
it must4 make,! when sanctioned by 'his
namej nh'er "be erased.,:' Wenchhef fex-
encthts bcxly-the Carthagenlaii U wsxJ
. . t . j. .' - m.... t . I
xttcumK in vn sciences, oui we nave
indispuubly surpassed all the nations of
.h:
stn
cipated. and has aheady been met by the
obvious, and, it Is humbly presumed, unan
swerable remark, that the rules of the house
are hihdinir upon member only, and upot
theni Only while they continue members-4-
i he rules are made for tha purpose of regu
lating debates and decisiora. They are in
nd sense, laws of the land It is a rule, that
members shall address the Speaker in a cer
Utn manner.: it is another that they shall
peain a decorous style', and shall betat-'
timet upon a Question t it ii another, thai
Ik II ii - ' . " i . 7i t l si a ' . -a f
the universe ii Jie,and, attachme ,t6 II wieir vptea anauoe ,couectco ana tneaeci
Relicibn.'; Heiicfc proceeded temperance II sion announced is a particular form These
and contempt for wealth. mo -best debate and jevery other.w'rulcHthat can be meh
against the ncrolchmehts of injustice snd j tiboe'di relate t,the tynhotarjf regulation
oppression 4 ?; ' ll oi
can be Said to fortify your attachment to
liberty- Were our f rights iavadedr I
would sound the alarm. Had the intcjri
'ty bf ray countrymen succumbed to.flor
ruption, her degrading touch would hava
the proceedings of a legislative pody
So completely are all these rules terapora
ryio their nature and character, that each
successive house 'assembles without , any
rule whatever and the clerk of the preced
ing house, himself Officially defunct, as well
ast every-oiher memoer of (he hause, 'calls
is
We hSWeeeiwdficompietefilevf Lort-
abn." Papers "At 2?J cf Majv Qur tiew e ' '
them has been very curory-They however-
contain some important debates In tK hou&
of Common, on .the subject of Sir Ft Burden ' '
and Parliamentary reform, am) altothapra
ceedings of the meeting of the Mayor, Al- '
dermen ?t Liverymen of the City of London, -called
on the rejection of the City f atitio N '
by the House of Commons , f '.' ', .
( Npthing later from Cadiz. : '4, l
r Weljesley was retrsating io Portual--ith- .v; ,
French receiving reinforcements- battle if
daily expected and th English are making ,
necessary preparations (May 1) to leave Lis- -bon
at a moment's flotice. Vr ,-v '' '
A petition from fajor Cartwflght was pre -seated
by Mr. XVhitbreadtothell. olCorm, I
mons, ( Nfayl 4:h) and rejected 32 tr, 9 1, the ,
language being deemed disrespectful. . i -
; , LONDON, May iU .. .
- M(. Bfand m-k- this day; his motion for
i Moutbiiiai rctui ui, i j lUPUQllCU IBM
the debate will occupy tyro days. -. r
at.
been the subiert . of my. address. If the I for die votes of the members for a Speaker,
chains bt imperial Catsar were rivetted.dua It because "some step must hi taken, or the
day should dissolve mem. If i
; ... fcrrhended rdm Inattention to the suhject
.is this I to whatever perfertion the MUitia
. .sjTttem may be brought, if foond defective
' at a time of real necessity, it wiU be ahan-
. doped t .and standing armies, the ruin of
,. f every lire countrrt'wiIl succeed as a neccs
- ,ary evil. Amidst Uie indifference which
. ; . pervades the commututy at large, it afforls
. some saiUfjiuon to the friends of their
', country, Id see the day commenvoratcd by
' iCompajrioMin nrpM,ihe viluntecr soldiers
; t-f th3 land Iheir compliance with ex-
,r . ' pence axl fatigues to be better Organised
. while it U a proof of the inadequacy of
' our usual equipment and dUciphnc, U an
. honorable prcaage of patriotic reaL " v ' v
' Wlicn a. people beconle addicted to the
; indulgence of pleasure and sensual gratifi.
.. ration, and riches arc deemed the highe-t
','"), object of pursuit, corruption w aflwat, lve
. ftfcp'inlry imjxirceptibiy declines, and in
, lieu of anolJe pawiorf to promote her glory,
, ' Is suh&tirated that lust of domination aris
, tog from avarice, and ambition, which
', '. ho.da the rrpublic, and the offices of profit,
' . . r ; the great pnzC of contention. Debased by
. .'islnesa aid torruptej by voluptuous-
housecari never organize itself! . Tjie
" rules, art to precede the formation, of
".laWsJ1 and to enable the two houses to
fond them, but have no bindinz force upon
any person without the walls of the Capitol
Cr beyond the time for which the members
who make them are elected.;.The consti
tutional power to punih members for dis
orderly oxhavior.'and with the concurrence
of tw6 th'rrds,expcla merrtber is connected
with thejpower to determine. rules of pro
ceeding, and this connection shews cfear
ryihat it was not contemplated that the
rults should Operate cpon persons other
thaa members, or ttpon members beyond
the time for whirh the house should be e,
lecttrj which s'.ould make such rules.
The letser of tle' constitution does not,
therefore etiable the bouse to do more, in
this respect than determine the rules of
its proceedings," that is the rules that
shall govern the house while it remains a
Vrv-.it V of aV-itl Mtav-Hi - Wta tki-.J!MU
tions.seem ta require, previously to entcr while it exUtSf an nof k
mv couttn
groaned under the Tyrant who observed
Would to God ' the Roman prople had
,H but bne head, that it might be.strucs off
at one blow" an Invocation' brt iter day
MS those Vhose lives were offered a willinir
aacrlfice at the Altar of Patriotism, Voujd
be answered by the descending spirit .of
rrtcoitt,-.viA ' - v i-.
. ,-!f :t t- ' :' 1.ix-;g .'t
;: Letters. ohlFrenchJhfl'ucnce' ;
Writtt by ifr. ESUtt tntt a Rtpublk'an'nt'to
hr pj Covgrturtm tht Stait if Vtrnmt J -
; Although the writer of these letters has
.coma to the conclusion in his.' Own mind,'
that he is under no obligation to keep con
cealed,- either the secret documents upon
debate s bf that body, yet various considers
which must
,', i
which Congress have . acted, or the secret
ac oatcs oi mat oouy, y ci various
tions seem to require, prcvionsl
inp; upon the developcment whk
suit from such a determination, that certain
objections to this course of conduct should
be met and resisted. ,' m ( '
pach member of congress, as a solemn
introduction to the solemn duua of his high
station, is obliged to take an oath to support
the Constitutiod of the. UStates. In addi
tion, .therefore, to those powerful motives
to duty which are ever operative upon an
hotorahlt mind, in every scene ana situs
jtionoflife,thcman whaiscallcdby the peo-'
pie to pertorm a part ot the great task of le-
gitlation, must commence hu work by call'
ing God to witness, that he will at all times
support the constitution fror which he de
rives his power, in its true spirit, and all its
parts ll will bVsaid that although the let
ter Of this Constitptn prilyauthorise. con
gress to keep secret a portion of their
. journal.' ytt the fair construction is that
their documents and debates should aLo re
main undi vulgcd- This mu.it be mere mat
ter ol opinion. One will think the spirit of
the constitution is one thinjjj another, that
it is something ele. - To the writer it sp
pears Out the pirtt of the cortituion'is
pufnity, and that the power to keep even
the journal secret, Is an anomaly in the sys
tem. With hii this important considera
tion derives new force from die re6cctloa,
that the secret proceedings to which he is
inclined to direuhis first attention, respect
ed ifia exercise of powers peculiarly be
longing lo tlie house of rrp-eseiUativ:s( ts
the guardians of die public trta-urc. Could
it ever have been contemplated by the peo
ple, dtirttigthe formatioaof the constiruxiofi,
that Laws should be passed lth tloac'J
doors, laws, too, which nhould impose hea
vy contributions on the pu!4!c puricf Laws
nhich should drain Ok iraury lor objects
whih ro mortal could haro had in tit w.
At the time y i the crg-nixawyn of ths gov-;
rit authorises the house to impose by any
such rule an ininnction of Secrerv' nnon
any individual whatcverj upon any subject
wnatcrcr, ocvuihi uio pcriovi 01 IIS OWQ
tdnstitutionai existence. ' 4 " ' ' :
If these arguments be conclusive, as to
the writer they appear to be, there is noth
ing on the score of duty that tan prevent
him from making as full a disclosure of
concealed documents and debates, as he
may deem essential to the great object he
has in view. " Out Ckttt Is one thing,-' ro
ll Ct another.' A certain sense, of deco
rum and propriety, also- it always to b
regaled. f Al things that may be lawful
may not ba expedient. . The government
should be- treated with tome respect, even
when it has ceased to respect itself.; How
ever, at the point of duty has been made
clear, that of policy will be mc Went ally ex
a mined in the progress of the main subject,
to the victbf which tle reader will le in
troduced without further delay : ; ,
f ' The writer could ftcver for one mo-'
mcnt entertain the Idea' of violating his
padi to support the constitution of his coun
try.' Sooner should his arms drop from
his shoulders, and his tongue become mute
forever: . But having given to the public
the reason which convince his own mind
that he' it aot about to be guilty of such, a
violation, he must pow act under the ira-
trniun of a sense uf duty to the csuso of
liUcrty and national indepcooence, para
VVU't to all other consideration!. - tt
: In pursuance of permission hid
and obtained of the County Court, of New.
UaaorrrstMay Term IB 10, Will be sold
under tat eoart houie, oh Saturday th Slit
t( July bsKt, a Ner.ro Man mrotd Primus,
tIsnfjif gUths Eataie of Pichard Ihntwitk
ef tiled. .' ALCX'K. PEDKN, AWr,
The consuJenerI of Soaln for
kingdom of Grca.Brit-an"and Irelaad, ro '
quesu the editorv.t imert the followine ,
communicltipn:',, T"::;, s :- . - . ."
: The. council of regency bf Spaia and the
Indies, and in tha. name of hit Majesty Fcr- , ' '
dinand VIL haying discovered that H is (he
in ention of th general enemy of manliod,
to introduce into tha" Ultra Marina ProVinr-a ' '
Kbf Spain, spies and commissaries o d'uturj)
peace m inosc tSUDIiatitneiits. nrl havin g
afresdy heen Informed that this doign is Id
disorder. inrrhv. mA . J- . '-. .
his military . forces art not extended to that 1
remote part of Ihe earth j' and the Said conn
cd of regency, observing that such commit.
riea Hsemoied in tae estates of America, -'
from whence, by stealth, and under varioua'" '
. -"- vr caiBwa iot otner spuab oenesvi
facics- ?v t . ;. r - .-':
It it rasolvsd, that 6o Spaniard;! foreign,
er, of whatever class or condition, or for '
whatever buiiaets, shall be allowed to land ' .
so any of the Spaniah dominions of that Coun- '
7, wwnwi oemg provided. with the proper
paports from tha places at which thty cm ' "
bark, In the namt of Ferdinand the fth, and
such pasporu ars correcUy to designate pen.
sons to whom they art given and tha obiett'
pf their jonrney or voyage. ' ' ' -t
) It is ordared, that tha viccray s aad mir.tarf ' '
and civil governors cf the uid doninioiis,
ert InvioUWy this sovereign Metermins!
noBr ana ii, oy any of thoa accidents which v
earmot always be avoided, one of these torn
outsaries or spies should enter 'the SpaniiaV "
territories, Ij had or sea, it is commanded '
that he be tried immediate!-, and punhhel
with death, and that the Cargoaod vessel b .
cqnEKaied, wiihot appeal to fcls Majesty ."- '
Ferdinand the Tib.' This edict is to be car. '
ned Into saccution with respect tc all sbipa '
which may hare en board aay person ertr
soas not provided'wiih the regular passport'
and in the name al his oreteni M.leur. ...
Ithough saeh person or persona he a natire'
me asiq domiaioirs. 'l ,-; ' "'
- This public notice Is giren, that no bdivl, " i
duaK either born In the country, or out of it
should plead Ignorance of the regslatlod "
and other meaat hare beta taken to cire. rt -general
circnlatlotr 2..-Z J , -4 M ;
. SPAls AtfD foJtlVGAn ij -. -
; Lmaroot, May J3-A coosidcrstli
rrre cf acti vlty eppara now to be manifested .
both on the part oi the enemy ana the aliiea '
la drfereot parte of the penlnsoia ani la the ': -jalaBd
of Leon.. Aslorg after a tremeadoua ' !
bombardment, hss surrendered to the French! '
under Junot. A great psrt of the arriso '
has escaped into Asturiat fa he dliguiae tf
peatanta, but the -joveraof having refused to
swear aDegianea to Joseph, on which eoadl- , '
tion he was eBered to be continuad in tha
command of the town, and iqoo men, were?
wet to Franc. One cirenmstshee very V ;
strongly marks the apirit of the Spaiia pea-' . -antry.
The govaraor, wher he capitulated V
eolorced a stipulation that the troops, of thai
enemv were not ta b ditrihutrt U k. .j.
Jacert country, aitlgntnK St rcsterj that he ' V.
could not answer for their ccurity saion? "
kii hdinant couatrymen. , . . . '
, The force tinder Junot U stated w 10,000 l '
men, of which number, aflcr the capitnlation ;
ef Aitorga, 5000 were dipatr hed to Asturi
as, end were defeated oa their march by Por
her. Only MOOrvmained at AsCOrgaiafwl ,
the rtat, amounting to neat 8000 mea, mar
ched toward Ciodad and Rodrigo, sad we'
supppse are faxnei marshal Ney, who
threatens that twttea, w Wch wl bow be Vho "
object of serious Contention, ' To both par 1
ties Its Potseaaioo it or the utmost import '
tsnee. To the French, ts it would fa-or
their designs opn Oporte snd the North i
Portogaf, end force the allied etmy south.' V
ward and to the allies as it Un interesting
pom hetwetn the enemy's d;iiion In !ea
and Eatremadara. Ciuidai Redrig? Is, how-
eer a place of considerable strer.jph,'wih a -btroldatle
garriion, and though ll.e rrench
hare breugM their Miy enlllery from Sal,
manea for the pcrpo-e of cotumtnclna; the
sjgey It It Pot hkely were it tun left to h
seir,aoon to surrtftder. Bet th moYements ,
or the armies indicate sa Spprosching battle '
Lord Wellington iwtre of the dtvja apon
t
f water." -