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THE STAR. : :Page 54. Vol. . , IK futl I Tk mouj knid of a busy wor... FOUKIGN. ren fmfiert rrtriixd ml tkt cfxt (f (kf Puh&c Led' - tr' Ivy BritUk Shift LouUm CJ. -Jmory Vrt tdvrrfiooL " art i urrf alAbrfolJt. . t Londoii, November 19. The next arrivals irora Spain must bring us In telli pence of great importance. They w ill iniui m . us o? the result of that movement which general '. Blake had made with a detachment of his army, to . cut off the French division which he had beat oo the heights of Outaria, and whose retreat by the high road he had prevented. We shall also hear of a battle near BLiboa. The Spanish army, after having fallen back to join Romana's and the As- : turun divisions, marched lorward on the bin with the avowed intention of attempting to dislodge the enemy from Eilboa. We have no later news than the aiternoon of the 6th, when the Spaniard were nfuU march tor Buboa. i heir force increased by w in tana theAstumn arniv. is estimsted at be tween 30 and 4.0,000 men. vvn j ii a hen tne enemy at tacked Blake at Somosa, they had 35 000 men. It is probable that they would be increased so as to equai the force now under Blake. In the mean rim r,or- ,rt Koa fit an si m AAtStsnn nn) a,-.,.4 his army with that of Pakfox. They extended from : Sanguessa to Vttlafranca, and cover Arragon. Their force is stated to be about 20,000. The pro- iccuon oi uie tuuiuii wui ue connuca to tne nnusn troops and the Estremadurs Levies, amounting to- geiner to octween au ana ou,uuu men. Keuuig is .. Huvancuig n im icyuuu men 10 auuonia. We should have been glad to have found Casta. .. nos's force larger, because the line he occupies is of eucbvast importance, covering Saragossa and inter posing between the trench in Navarre and the French in Barcelona. The total amount of the Spanish and British .force is about 150,000 men, viz. Blake's army Castanos and Palafox British and Estremadurian armies Reding s corps Vblecdun and Murcian levies . . & lM .Ka ffia aftvra eould OnlT M equajcu by th totrrpWity of the defence ciaoe W tl nrst division. Ii is Impossible for tne oo jusuce to th sokher tike conduct of this division. - Attacked on their tide by a very saperioOT force, ano KCasMO- ally fired oo by tbe hewttser ana sour.pounacrt defended their post with determined obstinacy- Tbey appearei resolved not to ykld a loot of ground. 1 be enemy were equally oosunaw muu and being enabled by their very superior Unnbers toneariy surround the hill occupied by this gallant division, general Figure felt himself called upon to nrW mivk 1 which was effected with as much order as existing circumstances would admit of. Whilst the first division wss thus engaged, the en emy kept up a heavy fire of shot St shell nd "e musketry (from the woods in our front) on the cen tre division and the reserve. Tbe guns were sup ported by two very large comuuis, and a disposable reserves . : Notion could exceed the soldier like steadiness with which the fourth division and reserve remained on their post under this heavy fire ; this courage will not be wondered at, when I menuoa that the commander in chief himself was at the bead of the centre division, animating the soldiers by his pre sence and example. V hen the first shell burst, there general Blake repaired, and placed his horse on the very spot, displayed his division Into two lines, part of the reserve remaining in columns; i Ilia ad dress to the soldiers was simple, and spoke to their f..w- M.J2member vou are Spaniards t be firm, 25,000 20,000 55,000 16,000 0,000 Total 146,000 November 8. Don Cevallos, who lately published the ad mirable exposition of Bonaparte's conduct to wards Spam, is arrived at Stockholm and has had an interview with his Swedish majesty, .which terminated . much to his satisfaction ; and he is about tp proceed to Petersburgh to relate his affecting narrative to the emptrour Alexander, which, we trust, will make a due impression on the mind of that hitherto mis guided monarch. rank BATTLE 6F SORNOSA Pff-Mtavf a.' J . . jX Valmasxda, November 3, At day break yesterday morning, the enemy, Who had received very considerable reinforcements from Vittoria, attacked the Gallician army, posted about a league and a quarter in advance of Sornosa, in the following order : The first regiment of the volunteers of Catalonia, being part of the vanguard, occupied a hill to the right of the road leading to Duraneo. The third division, commanded by general Ri quellai. was stationed on the heights to the right of Somosa to support the vanguard, and defend the right flank of the position The vun guard, commanded by general Mandi Z&bal, defended the road leading to Durango. Our left, commanded bv brieariier-creneral Figuroa, possessed themselves of a hill to the left of he road. The base of the bill was joined to that occupied by the fourth division and reserve. During the night of the 30th, the enemy advan ced his force in very large columns, opposite to the different points which he meant to assail. The next morning, at day break, the diflerent columns moved forward to the attack, their approach being concealed by a very heavy and thick fog, which in -i i . i . t mcac pun is prevalent in uie morning. The first attack was made on our right. Two Jaree columns advanced with the intention nf m. rounding that part of our force. The enemy was opposed in a most steady and gallant manner by the famous corps kept up a tremendous and inccessant fire by plattoons,and for a considerable time kept in check a force upwards of four times its own num ber. Two battalions ot marines, and the tiradarct, or sharp shooters, of the third or fourth division, reinforced the regiment of Catalonia ; however, be ing overpowered uy numocrs, they were obliged to retire on the third division ; this enabled the enemy to place a column on the right of the third division, while another column attacked in front. The enemy advanced in force along the road, und attacked the vanguard, which defended the road und valley leading to Durango. The enemy was most gallantly and vigorously opposed, and compelled to retreat to a considerable distance, by the vanguard, beaded by general Mandizabal. The enemy, how ever, having considerably increased his numbers in this point, advanced a second time, accompuincd by a howitzer and a four pounder, and succeeded it gaining a sufficient advance on the road, toenable him to bring his gun to beur( within about three quarters of a gun shot) on the centre and the left division. t Whilst these operations were currying on against our right and centre, the enemy advanced two very strong columns against the front ot our left position ; and at the same moment, a very numerous corps of sharp shooters (voltiguers) advanced under cover of the howitzer k four pounder, & got possession of a -Wood which ascended from the road to within less than ' inuBkct-shot of the right flank of the left no- yiuon. i nis ouugea general r iguroa to thow back . i ii i i . . i , vus ur iwo uauauung upon nis ngnt, to oppose Uie j enemy's light infantry. Nothing could he more ' gallant or more orderly than the enemy's attack of this post ; he advanced in the greatest military re gularity, under a most tremendous fire. The gal- soldiers.' Never did the most veteran troops, or those most accustomed to cannon, remain more cool, steady and determined. After an action' of nearly nine hours incessant fire, and it became evident that the enemy had received very great reinforcements, and having been enabled, by the assistance of his can non (ol which aid this army was entirely destitute) to push forward a strong force against our centre, and having in consequence occupied the woods flanking the right of our left position, it was deem- ea aaviseame to retreat, irenerai uiate placed himself at the head of the fourth division and part of the reserve, and in person superintended and directed the covering of the retieat of his army which was effected in order, the enemy not appearing incunea to moiest our movements oy 1 1 o clock on the night of the 20th October, the most part oi the troops arrived at Bilboa. Early in the morning of the 1st (yesterday) general Blake arrived in that town with the fourth division, and lost not a moment in proceeding to the great square, wnere he superintended in person the issue of bread and spirit to the troops. Nothing could exceed their joy at seeing their general re turn u uiem, a iaise report nanng neen obtained tost he had been cut off in covering the retreat No language of mine could do sufficient justice to uie gallantry ana ardour ot the omcers and soldi ers ot tms army in me action ot yesterday. trust however, die statement of facts which I have given, in a plain unvarnished manner, will eive sorae idea of their brave conduct. Nothini? can exceed the mtirnr. anH T m Ai the cheerfulness of the Spanish soldiers, under diffi- culues and privations of all sorts. I he impressions left on my mind from the account ot yesterday, is decidedly most favourable to the Spanish soldiers. The effect produced on their bosoms from vester day defence, is a manlv and soldier-like pride, arising from a self-conviction of their havina- don their duty. 1 Bwwfiartc't Entrance into Sfidn-.1ctioni in Spain, "Batoknx. Nov. U. The emperor set out to dav, at noon, for Snain. His maesty will, it is said, sleep at Iruh. and arrive early tomorrow with his august brother at Vittoria. His maiestv was not able to kn him. self long incog at Marac ; the Bavonnese were most eager to manifest the joy which thev exneri-. enced at learning the happy arrival of; their august sovereign. Last night the town was spontaneously illuminated An immense concourse of beonle fill ed ail the streets and public places, and the rrv f long live Xafioleon resounded from all parts. We learn tnattnere nas been a very brilliant affair for our troops near Longrono. The insurgents have been completely beaten. Oa the other side, a divi sion of the army, commanded by marshal Moncey, had on the 25th of last month, an engagement at Lerin, in which the .Spaniards were defeated. u In this affair we took several nieces of rnnnnn and 600 prisoners, which yesterday arrived Bay onne. The officers are confined in the ritual These miserable Spaniards are in a most denlorahl condition their cloaths are mere shreds, and they are without shoes. Eveiy disposidon is making for viguivus ouciiaivc operations, ana uie arrival ol his majesty will, without doubt, give birth to great e vents. Romano's corps will be the first attacked : we are even assured that every means hrve been taken for cutting off his retreat. . The siege of Sar agossa will commence in a few days, and be vigo rously carried on. There is a report to day at Bay onne that Blake has lost 5 or 6000 men in an engage ment which he had with Gen. Verdier. but this re port appears premature. Troops of all description. are continually passing through this place; they are uuiiu.ii.cu wiiii uie oest spirit, ano burn with impa tience to tight undr the njv9o( the'tiero, "'"who al ways leads them to victory. The army of Spain will, it is said, be divided into 8 erand divisions, and commanded by the Marshals Ney, Bessiers, jSoiilt, Montier, Victor, Moncey, and by the generals St. Cyr and the Duke of Abrantes. JThey alio talk of an army of reserve, bulk is not yet known by whom I it will be commanded. The imperial troopsbfan tiy and cavalry, which were at Bayonne, all set out at break of day this morning preceded his majesty. tourierde t Emhire, Nov. 10. . . . . "Nov. S.T" According to intelligence which has this instant been received, the defeat of the Spaniards at Bilboa has been most complete. Marshal the duke Dahtzk has made 4000 prisoners, among whom are two aid-du-camps of General Blake. A great number of carriages and servants belonging to the king of Spain, have arrived here this morning, on their way to Naples Journal De C Jimtire, Abv. 1 1 Nov i. Thi dispositions which were made to drive the Rpanu.rJs from the banks of the Ebro, have been attended with the most complete success at every point General Castanos, after the defeat of his ad vanced guard, quitted his position at Soiia. By this tMATehvcnt tSa marquis de Rot .no was to fongei to rrceivfl ucco'irs from tbe m inrifval Spanish armr. He has had reason to trpent of tbe temeri ty with which be advanced. The' French aokiirs ttii no sooner perceived uuacc-ps wwco ami rw dered toelf so guilty by the most signal perfidy, than tbey moat Impetuoaslf waitrd Unorder for battle i the victory was qukklv decidetL Roman was not able to effect his retreat. hut in the greatest disorder; and his posidon will no longer permit him to cover St Andero, which will be immediately attacked and carried The Spanish officers which have been made prisoners testify the greatest astonishment at the immense Circe which was brought, against them thev were so Ur deceived as to believe that our troops could not quit Germany, he th.it all was in con fusion in that country. Many of them admit that there exists in Spam the greatest subjects of divisi on both between the different corps of their array and their gcncrJs,and between the different autho- nues. u It is evident that the people of property are ve ry seriously alarmed at the pretension of an anar chial multitude, ever ready to commit the greatest oxcesscs rubacute nlJov. 11. BAT0xii, Nov. 4 a The head quarters of the imperial army has been removed from Irun tol'olosa. Itis confirm ed that Romanahas been completely beaten, and that we are masters of Buboa. St. Andero will soon be in our possession. Pais,Nov. 10, A letter from Vittona of the 3 1st contains the following intelligence, M 1 he army of king Joseph, our beloved sovereign has already acted on the offensive. It hs taken al! the positions of the insurgents on thn Ebro, and it nas iormea a junction with the leu division com manded by Moreley1 Viana, Logrono, Catalonia, are in the hands of our troops, together with 800 prisoners, and a great quantity pi baggage. 44 On the 5th inst. his majesty the eniperc." and king transfered his head quarter of V ittoria. The Vrgus announces that the arnval of his majesty ds the signal for a genera! engagement, which was attended by a victory complete in every res pect. Journal dr T Emfufe Aox. 1 1 N'lTKE, ilwys in demand, would Ue firstly enhanced in aiui- n caie m a war, as 11 enters no lately intotht compofcitiuii of 'Uii-powder. The pub! cation of the following article, from ' Philadelphia paper, is timed by our political prospects. 1 lie-re are several manu factories of pin-powder now in this State, winch maj be improved bv diii Essay ; and it may nrobablv temi to the establishment of others, and thereby add to the weaimana security oi our country. J APPLICATION OP. CHEMISTRY" TO ART AND MAXUFACTATtES. Remarks on the. manufacture and rafination of nitre. We shall consider in this number, the French mode of making salt petre, taken from a trea tise in the memoirs of the. Manchester philo- sopnicai society, oy mv. iYiassey ; and con clude with the able remarks of Mr. Tohn Ga. dolin : 44 upon the purification of crude salt petre, by means of charcoal powder, from th transactions of the royal academy of Stock holm. We have stated on a former occasion that salt petre may be extracted from rubbish of old houses, the earth of cellars, and from all composts of animal and vecretable substan ces, which have undergone the process of pu trefaction. Njtre has been obtained in France from both' these sources ; but the United State may pe supplied with it in abundance from the salt petre 'taves. EverV circum stance, however, that may be of service to this country, ought to be brought inco notice. The principal object of this essay,' is to exhi bit the mode of refining nitre by the use of charcoal, which is to be emoloved after the separation of earthy1 substances, by means of potash, has been accomplished. The rubbish of buildings, earth of cellars, &c. is to be redu ced by a coarse powder, and treated in the following manner. A number of small open tubes are to be provided, and placed about two feet high on stilages, and in such a manner, that one vessel may receive the ley that runs from two of them. A spicket and faucet is fixed in each tub near the bottom j and a quan tity of the nitrous earth and wood ashes U thrown in, in the proportion of two bushels of the latter, to one of the former. The two are put in gently, so that when the water is ad ded, it may readily run through : a hollow i& generally made at the top. Twenty four of these tubs are commonly employed which they place in three rows; and in each they put three bushels f wood ashes, ar.d six of earth. Through the first row of 8 tubs, thev pass ten demiauies of water (about nine hun dred gallons) and the first lixivumTs passed through the second, and afterwards the third. Fresh materials are now put in, and the fluid which had been used in the first, is noured on the second, till saturated. The liquor at thi time is reduced, by absorption, Sec. to about one hundred and twenty eallons. In h rows of eight tubs, only six demiauies of wa. ter are passed through, and each are newly replenished every day. The liquor under tne name ot It ctute, is carried to the boiler' where it is evaporated, and as a scum nnr9r.' it is removed : when the far advanced that a pellicle begins to ap pear upon the surface, a workman is constant- y employed, with a perforated ladh- tn. t- out the marine salt, which how begins to form andall to the bottom of the boiler ; this, be' mg imuwa into a wisicet, drains into the boiler again.' , :': ! When the lixivum has so far evinnroU says our informer,thatadrop of it will congeal upon a piece of cold iron, it is taken thrown into a tub, for the Temamdcr of the marine salt, and other drugs, to settle ; and. nninir aKnur l.ir. L.... . . ' after standing -about half an hour, it If d tawn. oSf Whilst yet and tettnto crystallize ! warm .V.t, icool pbctlur the aa? w a ue proa act or th tr h.. 4 K-1a U,gcnerallr about one hundred JT pound of a brown sort of silt vnrtTZ m tC sJ. sL r a f vl M4CIWIUUI tuuc rtnoro The liquor remainiDgJatU U.W i the alt petre is crvBUnizeeL U r.Tt. 7 wl. IsV m apoed for LxirJ - on j though some manufacturers think it 1 to dilute u with water, and nerr.A... i when discharged from the tubs. sr. ; si Je under a h-vel, and, when dry, aretrr!1 about a foot thick, to receive the scumi . any putrid liquor they ci i tht m, and in a few montK. t ea'l me r", . to tnrtiw upon are tolj, are ht J r use a second tisir- larlv.if now anl ihn inil ... -iv v To the colour of this salt n-tr ft , -I..-.. A 1 more of ih.- marine salt, to thousand we; are throw n into a larg- boiler, with one aVr quit of water, in whuh it diasolvra . j L i t, - niU, a the course of the txi.iine, another demieu . . 1 paiuuis bv thrown in, raises fully removed- huh , T....vn curry lime it . a mica scm that Ihe S tin.. evaporation bein ... ty far advanced, aud the marine salt anH ? inay add, the separation of, earthy ubstanct, by the wJdi rfon of pearl or-ewlw j ; the alcali of ihs wood ashes be not sufficieM l) in acom-jlish. a Hrge pitcher of white!' of Pi'vjs, or of a solution ' ofislng glass, or ofo. . uiti juic i puureu in. i ne lixivum islhtj' cr st;..'!i.fd.' Tbe mother water. hv ular treatment, will afford more of the im. pure nitre. , Two or three day is sufficicat 1 to comjiletc the crysullization;" ., t r With respect to the purification of nitrtbv the.use of charcoal, recommended by Mr. Co. uoun, we may give tne following general re. marks : After noticing the various imptui. 5 ties of crude salt petre, Mr. G. observes. . 44 there is besides a Certain quantity of greasy matter, which sometimes is accompanied K. ; volatile alcali j" and in noticing the nature of the foreign salts, he concludes : iut so Ion. as any considerable quantity of the greasy mat. L .cr remains, it is in possiDle to obtain good v crystals of salt petre, or to separate and Mm ' from it, the other species of salu. r lit is of i opinion, that the purification of crude salt petit - . . II . 4 as. LUM8131S principally intaxifigtrom it this greasy matter, this operation's performed in a lam way, to a certain degree, by keepings concern I trated solution of salt petre boiling, so that the I greasy matter may be removed by skimming but there is ant .to remain in the saltnetre s ! sufficient quantity of this matter to re rW It S foul, which makes it necessary to repeat the operation Several times, to bring the salt to the state of purity.. Allum, he remarks, is g. mong the means that has been used to sepa rate the greasy mnttcr a and we may Jtdd, mat n mc water, noticed on a former occasion, ai milarto its employment in rcfinintr of borax. which in its crude state, has also a quantity f greasy matter, is intended to separate this substance. How far the operation of a Vemi. ar crystal or crystals of nitre thrown into the nitrous solution, to dispose it to crystallize caa nnuence tne separation ot this greasy matier, s a subject yet to be determined Brewster. however, calls this property a peculiar spe- , ! w .. v. Kirpuscuiar attraction wnicu ne hai called polarity. In a letter 1 hsfve received rrom a gentleman, he states as his)e.pimoiy that a great proportion of allum is present ia some parcels of refined nitre : of course it mar be inferred, that this salt was made use of, to separate the greasy substance. How would tne exposure of nitre, containing the greasy matter, to a moderate heat, in certain vessels dispose its separation' from this substance, r. : e .v . ... , i ia ui uir nature ot tnat contained in crude 'i borax ? Neuman remarks, that borax maybe ' t very handsomely crystallized, by first expo sing it to heat (for th? separation of the grea sy matter,) and afterwards treating it In the usual manner. As charcoal pawder has late ly appeared to possess the property of ab- sorbing those impure greasy matters, which" 1 1 so often adheres to salts, (and even the pi- j ritous liquors)when it is diffestcd or boiled 1" with these substances, Mr. Gadolin thought ? that a similar process roicht very probably be j made use of to purify salt petre j with that V. view ne made some .experiments, which ,ne v 1 submitted to the.; iudgmejAtwcyr 5f Ii would be unnecessary to detail the various ; experiments inthis pJacc; I shall' pn! make suih observations as may be of utility in prac tice. The following is the manntf, he saysi m which 1 pro etded In making the four ex periments hereafter described J I first threw a pound of crude salt-petre, with the charcoal powder, and six pounds of pyre water, into copper vessel. I kept the whoU boiling up on the fire for the space of ten minutes, and then filtered the decoction through a double fi'ter3 paper. I afterwards passed through the filter two pounds of boiling water, and then evaporated, by boiling the whole of what , had passed through the filter, till a drop of it thrown upon a cold piece of glass, immediately shew ed signs of crystall ration, . and was in a few "au convertcl into crystals. I then pour edthejvhole .of the ley into a glass vessel, wh,cllu ' Pced, uncovered, in a cold place, that the sail might crystallize. In this way t,"edJrm tbe first crystallization about lAoft. The temainintrlev was then again evaporate'd : till ihe same disposidon c5"Wzrperei'. " before. I ok- .i.
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Feb. 2, 1809, edition 1
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