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TTIF. STA'R. r r r EDUCATION. V . A . trnmUtit f i' kiunaa faeultiaatdtitariJ rmmm, , ke Ut .Jkpf.Br f A" P60" aa J riuJ . - Wurri. J4 foraxt.-W ft Md:tttor tf lc- i . . 11 t - Tt ' C - - -. Ml. . . . voalorsner occasion, we lam ociove our .V j-Yeaders a brief account of the pfca of cduca. J -tion proposed by . the Helvetian teacher, Pes- i .Aallotzi, (M. II. Hex. II. vol. . p. 41 l)and i : -, '.V&etch of hU pupil Chsvanness book in exe- V platution' thereof. Out friend Murry's la- court to facilitate instruction, art mentioned - i t r r a nrw j ; II. IT - f P Qt I'll. a mum v tatc knowledge, are noticed in the Jih relume ' of the tame Hexadr. p. 12. Norhave we o- , - muted to make what are considered suitable A" ' remarks, in displaying the natural method of ' . Mr. Dubef, Hex. II. Vol. 2. p. 412. i, .Kavinjr heretofore riven the origin of res ta1LiTrl' inu'tutian. & a sketch of his svstem. ..'. we hare no an opportunity of aanouncihg . th arrival of. one of his disciples and fellow '.,' labourers, in this country. This person is Jo- - aeph"Neef, who came to Pennsylvania on the ' . inviiatioiif ano unucr me pivvtiuuvi nur ' V sin Maclurc.'Esq. This crntleman had'visi " "V " red the original seminary at Yrerdun, and ' beheld the scholars of Pestallotti pursuing -" their course of tuitionundcr their mastci s eye He was so fully convinced of its superiour ease excellence, that he determined if possible to found a school upon the Festallorzianf rinc , , pter in his country :' and he accordingly en- irtced the writer of the present book to migrate to PhUadelphia and to prepare rfi mself fof a practical aispiay oi nis skiu in ur near mi tuv. - ! ' JIr. S. has employed nimsen, since nis arn 1? val, in learning oar language in composing the .. v present work, and in m.-Sing arrangements for rtceliring'lhe requisite tiumber ot uoys tor in atructiou Th niimber ot these, ne says, . .- shall byinb means exceed forty ; atid as soon 1 aVhe procures them, he will enter' upon tiie V above eie-ht years of arc. Ifthey are totally v iirnorant when they ftre delivered to him, so .S" much the 'oetter; for whatever they have learn Z?' e2L thev will be oblidored to forget it, in order v to learn it airiiu in his own way. He declares "i that the crave, doctorial, marUterial and die tntArinl tone shall never insult their ears ; that LIK M BUOll VI VWWIV" " w , .U:i-. .Vii Vv .Vinll ficnntKinrr rise hnt their . , ' ..- " " " " V i frukle. schooWellov, play teUow ana mess ,"fs'1 studies of hrs pupils will ocwpy four hours of -.Tm - Tht-v will he conducted conildcra k. f 11. uu ' -' - 2S:'--", tJiy tn tne open mr, ami. c jiuiuvji j. mv ' ' i rum irv ytin mjmis jiuih , ! ' : lv occUoied bv the exercises. y !'a. $ What nbw. it will be asked, is this reformer ' V of education about to perform ? How docs he , intend ti proceed with a number of boys, for , ko uninterrupted tburse of ei years applica tion? And wherein dots he differ from the -'A tSuntrrous tribe ofhispreclecessors andcotem porafics in the subjects or the modes of puerile ' .- , .ihsuncttbs V We shall endeavour to state in f - lfconcis manner, the method of the author, as we collect it from his publication ' Education is defined to be the frradual un fold'me of the faculties and powers which. Pro vidence-has bestowed on the human species, Mr N. will not teach his pupils any new things bit they ill acquire onderhim the knowledge of, old things in a new way. No attempt is s made to nitrbduce any thing into the learner ,? ' but merely toileVelQpe what the instructor finds 'V. in him :: ' K . J ' s. - & In executlnff this undertaing;, he does not " m leorin with the alphabet aaa the spellinjrbook These are reserveti for a mote advanced part of . jf tne course, nis urn care is oesioweu upon to that ef diJ. for the remaiainR traockti bf the icieace. 'The fourth part of this pla,1 coasUts-iateAthjpg boys to delineate, figures, er in other words, uftake there proScicnts in the art of drawing. To make horozonul lines, to divide them into equal parts, to crojs them lT rTeTtical Koet.'toTuTmrettabtuIar -figures, . . . . i Sod progressively trilogies, circles, polygons;! coaes, cylinders and Lyramids, wui De ,xne asks of the pupils. And from these exerci ses they will pass on to the more difficult and exquisite expressions of form in all natural and artificial bodies. ' 1 Thus far this bold instructor conducts his ttle learners, without any ability to read. write, or even say their letters. He win ren der themood speakers, arithmeticians, geo meters and limners, before he introduces to their acquaintance any species of literary per formance, even the horn-book. Ana, wnen he is about to initiate them into the mysteries of literature, he chooses to instruct them in ritine, before they are 4 - . . .nit. ..n course ,n,io contemplate Mm win an ah it a.d depravity ab3Ut bJui'aiid' to, "guard agaioU bra actordingfy7 T s . . . ' ' l.'Trus Lnogs ut to h twemh settieo, where in he treats of the learned languages. , Ant! io tins, hs rejects the study 'of the Latin and Creek tongues, as neither necessary nor use ful to a rauonal rddeatioo,nor, to a rational man.1 TlKrtigh le consents to teach them' to his pupils, for fjLioas sake, as he wears' a bat ; yet on no account any further than to under, stand and tranbkite.thc writings of Cicero De mosthenes, Ilorf cr and VirglU In expfainiog his mode of teaching French, the author pas ses some severe strictures upon Mr. Durrsr's Nature Displayed. But on a point in dispute between rival teachers, we pretend not to in terfere. , luaic is tret ted of in the thirteenth, poe try in his fourteenth, and geography in his fif teenth sections,' The most remarkable cir cumstance relaiive to the former is, that it taufht to snell and !hall be, vocal, and uttered without tha aid of read. I he practice of drawrng mathematical .the gamut ; art respect to the second, he 4$ ve and other Cgnres, is an excellent preparation for writing. In the method of nature, writing must have preceded reading ; and as writing existed before there could possibly have been a reader, so in the Pcstalluzzian plan, the tor rhation and connection of the letters must pre cede the knowledge of their uses and powers. As soon as these are acquired, spelling and reading accompany - writing, and give the teacher an opportunity to Unfold the produc tion of articulate sounds, the manner of signi fying them by written characters, and of com bining the letters into syllables, syllables into words, and words into sentences, with so much skill as to express the most recondite as Well hercently oprsed to rhyme ; and concerning the Utter, he insists that his pupils shall make their own riaDS. and that he will civcthem further lessees upon a globe of his own con struction. Lexicolcv is the knowledge of which he treats last ( all. This is intended to settle the right ail true meaning of words. The causes of tie misunder'stanuiugs among men as to langurge, are referred to, 1. our not ex amining an object well before we speak of it ; '2. our not tilling things by proper names ; and 3. our not knowing the real power of the words we em ploy to express our sensations and sen timents, tie considers that his plan of edu- art the grcaxeu as the most obvious thoughts, in a manner! cation would be very defective, if it did not that shall be intelligible to a person who srwll include a cfhpter or treatise on theVce cf be separated by the greatest distance of time and placet, ( I he sixth great object of Mr. N. is to ren. der his boys grammarians, but he rouudly rejects ail the books of grammar as unlit to be rut into the hands of learners. He disclaims the whole of these laboured and erudite com pilations as magazines of lumber and trash. lie makes' a jrrammar of his own: to consist of three parts, rdeciogy, lexirabhy n syntax. He divides his ideology into lour sections, or four classes of words, substantives, adjectives, words, or lexicology. In this he attempts to trace compound words to their radicals, and criticises Mr. Tucke for his rage for, and abuse of, etymology. We conclude by quoting from Colonel Du ane's letter to Dr. Mitchill, a sentiment con cerning this wwk : 44 1 hope yoii have read NeePs System of Education ; it not, permit me to sendyou one, and invite yoUr curiosity to a perusal of' it rArrr times. This U aa apparendy whimsical request; but I have read it six times myself. information relative to fruit . ! r, ' &t beiL adapted to ocr cLirtte; t -stances, they hope thos uf their fc'v tens, who hav experience in their tv.'-1 will favour ihem with their asiua:e :a s tlgTLOi fTUC(4J UUUIT. , f . !.,V'hatiBd of fruits a most certain bearers t ;. J. Which sue -those coming soonest to r fectlon, and times of blooming and ript of thoe within your knowledge f - ; 3. Which are the hardiest,. and most taV' propagated and the different mcl-f c ttlre and the, times and vman:ier of !la; .' and propagating, both a respect sta ,L suteofssp? . - . ' 4 What enemies assail. fruits, and iao!') of destroying them, or guards against them J 5. Modes of recovering ' decayed" trtt which are most stxbject to injury, and the It means of preventing disease or decity i ' k -6." Wbat soils, "laud what manureser d.-e-. smgs are proper fut the' respective kinds Vf fruit trees, and their proper aspects ? fa u'j situation do they thrive .most, and what general causes of injury or decay i . -( 7. What trees require' the i.. ce-koife. "ar which are best left entirely to' nature f 8. WTiat fruits will bear gatheririjr'befoi maturity, so as to ripen mthe house, or iifu!, f other cover ; and the best mode of pfeserv'n ripe fruit for use f " v. w nai insects or yermm. are enemies mit, and the means of repeliini brxlestrov. ing them. - ' '. , '.,A - r, (' 10. How long since the bittet rot firstseizt J the V'andCyer, and House Apples f Is there any mode of preventioP, or has situatjba or soil any influence on the disease ! u ; J 11. Apples generally fell off. thetrees la great numbers before ; maturitvr last autuma near Philadelphia. In many no matk-of de cay appeared. What is the cause' of th:; est.ly falling, and what the means of preveu. tion r . - . U'- :.-:- i It not beintr, expected that anv Individust will be enabled to answer ail these. queries; it will be seen that .it is left to each correspon dent who will be Pleased to attend tn thm m give imormation s$ to that species within his Knowledge. Communications to the Secreu. ry bf the Society will be gratefully received. conjunctives, and super-adjectives ; and ba-;wiin an increase ot admiration, ana a better nishes all the ordinary parts of speech, as they I understanding of the human mind, as well as are termed, utterly from his presence. Thus jof the degeneracy of the human inteUect for a ideology will make them acquainted with the materials ot speech, lexigraphy shall dissect them, and syntax shall employ them long course of ages. We shall set the system in motion here this summer ; and if we can only keep it ftoing one year, thfr nation will i - . i . The seventh department of Mr. N's me- jhave acquired something more precoui thto if: ill' -t .C: ' ' j(e i! J.i . r c .i. xne manner oi opeasin snu ine use oi qpeecn, .with their application to the four orders of hu- rnati knowledge, 1. our immediate sensations ; 2. our memories ; $. analogies, and four the e vidence of other persons. . His mode of pro- , ceedlng wih young beginners is thus exempli ejd. rhe humai bbdy iAay.be the subject' of cbuverat(oU. ..Theare taught to fix their at tentidn on, its external' form, not on its inter- y'al constitution 'y to 'divide it into trunk and iembers,tiWheu an pbiect or a part'thereof . , . . i i .1 13 soown to name it ; ana wnen me name is ptonousrted, to show-it ; to understand the connection 'between ..two parts of a thing, or between a part and the whole ; to examine the number ofeyery thmg they see'j to point out the position or situation oi an coject ; to uis tinguish tbe qualities of obiectsi especially theii form or shape tt note the various functions performed by organical bodies and their parts ; to bbaerve and investigate the use we make of the many things which surround us every -:iyhere ; to point out the resemblance between ,twobbjcts presented to us ; to discover the difference between bodies j and. to practise the art bfdestribtng things in plain, exact and pre cise terms, He next makes them acquainted with numbers. Not, However, by the common numerical cyphers, but by sensible objects,ftuch as beans or marbles, and a calculating appara tus of great simplicity, by , which he renders the m both ready and correct reckoner. 'Hie Klmtttrk h tat. i ti- rnr1erVli( fiourfa ami j ; r J v. proportions of geometry , familiar to his echo t V'i larsTbiibeactompUshesby diagrams and V' , models of his owq'jj and after the-elementary A ' L' tl I t. 1 J St ' parts snail finvc uccmnus inmiraieu anucom - nrcbenaea,ne preicrsthe method oliegenur thod consists of ethics or moral discipline. uonsidermg all systems bf religion as compo sed of two parts, their dogma's and their mo- tV a .1.-1 1- . 'l rais ; ana reneciing mat tne aissentions wnicn exist between religious societies originate in matters of doctrine, rather than of practice ; he refuses all interference in the articles of faith, or peculiar tenets of any religious sect. But he frames for them a manual of morality, or an ethical catechism, by which they are in structed in the knowledge of themselves, their relations to property, and their dependence on a Creator. The examination of their facul ties will lead to a discovery of their rights j and these will conduct to a development of their duties and social concerns? Natural history occupies the eighth place. Instead of making his pupils masters of mere nomenclature, or adepts in any particular clas sification or system, Mr. N. proposes to en courage in them all manner ot attention to the various species of animals, to the changes of the. atmosphere, to the .different forms of wa ter, to soils, earths and stones of every kind, to the numerous families of plants and vegeta bles, and to every thing that the face of crea tion presents to aa ooservintr eye. l he in- structor encourages his shofar to scrutinize every thing ; and in his turn he explains to them all that is necessary for them to know, concerning the specimens they present to him tor his opinion. fjrj The science which follows next in order is Chemistry. This he derives from the com mon processes in the arts, and from the opera. tions going on every day in the great laborato ry of naturet And he performs the part of a ready and faithful interpreter in expounding them' to his curious and listening audience. 1 he kitchen hre, the chimney, the boiling of the tearkcttle, a snow-ball, a fragment of ice, or a plate ot soup, are, each of thewl, subjects of useiul discussion. I he true theory of heat and cold isUerived from the observation of or dinary phenomena. With theee, artificial ex periments will be duly mixed or discreetly in terwoven., r . ' Gymnastics or the rules of eiercise are then treated of at considerable length ' He trains his boys to an exact employment of every mus cle, joint and limb. He forms them into com panies and sections, trains them to the use of arms, initiates them intb tacties, and teaches them ths art f. defending themselves, their li u'erties, their posscssioiis:"arld their friends. against assailants and invaders. And he jus tiiics this procedure from a conviction that there ever has been, is now, and ever will be a great mass of error, mischief ' and crime. against which a prudent man ought to provide and instead of joining with the philanthropists aticr benevolent vi&ionafiesVwho are ever hid ir- injj of tnan J in a tort of abstract state of per. fectabirityV such as thVy him to be,"or as iney tnins pe cwrtr tctue, our autnor very cor the mines of Mexico, or than All Bochxra't boasted gold Or all the penis of Samarkand. ' AGRICULTURE " The first of Arti, source of JJoracstic ease, Pride vf the Land and patron of the Sett.' v C : i IXTERE3TWG TO FARMERS. It is now sufficiently certain that the horse- botts, or trrubs, by which so many valuable hor ses are annually destroyed, are produced from eggs or nits, which are deposited chiefly n the krvee and back part of the shoulder of the horse, by a certain spec;es of fly. The fly is called Ocftrus'equi. These eggs or nits become ripe in the course of 4 or 5 days. When tlais ri pened the slightest application of warmth and moisture is sufficient to bring forth, in an instant the latent larva, that is the insect in the first form. At this time, if th,e tongue of the horse touch the egg, its little door (operculum) is thrown open, and a small active wprm is pro duced, which readily adheres to the moist sur face of the tongue, and is from thence conveyed with the food into the stomach. Any person who choses1, may reduce it to experiment for himself In the season for it, i m. r 1 1. 1 1 rv i . . ici a iew nairs De cuppeu on naving these nits adhering to themmoisten the inside of the hand by the application of a little spittle,- and close it upon the nits, and 1ft will find them hatched m a few seconds. It is therefore recommended, to be careful to remove these eggs by scrapinjr them off with a knife, or washing them off with an infusion ot I obacco every third day throughout thejiea sun ni wniui tncy-are deposited. 11 this b done, there is no doubt but the de miction, "which is made by this hateful inlcct may be completely prevented. yv pint ot tar, warmed and triveri to a horse deeply affected by the grubs, is lately recom- "11 rr i f-, .... menueuasan cuectuai remedy. Wir think it probable, that this article, by its adhesive cua ! . I 1 .. . uty, may so oostruct their organs oi respirati. on, as to distress the insects, arid cause them a . to loosen tnemselves from the stomach. It might be well to give half an ounce of Aloes 1 M about nn nour or two alter the tar. This List I JX ftwl A- . v S " t wouiu icuu iu vonvoy on, Deiore they reco ver from the embarrassment occasioned by ilu; JTturtANbrawr treks. !P4'A9W'&ral. Society of Philadelphia, deslrousl to collect facts on the subicct Af f,h and fruit, ireet, will bVrhucU ' obllccd bv'ari. swersco any or vau oi the toUowjiig querlefc. . '- MQNrroRiAL; . : Catodnthe girt five ttlenu, to another two, sndlotno- A most important talefit is Moral Infuehee; Mankind are governed by influence more than by laws. Parental irifiutnee is of all the most powerful. The tender" minds of children, like soft wax, are easily stamped by any impressiop. and moulded into anVshape. They natural! uuuiw iue seniimcws, copy , me manners and follow the example of their parent's. . It is there fore infinitely ienportant, that parental influence should be directed by the .unerring line f piK pence and virtue. . " : f.i-H .V ' Female Injucnce, in respect :td the fom!ng.bf; , morals and manners,' is much greater than most ' people are" aware. It would be In the prp'wcr of I i wui'nu w.riac iue ione joi puouc morals i My -their frowns and smiles properly dintctcd, they- ' might banish from' society profane swearuigv obscenity and foppery--they might put an end even to the murderous practice i duelling' t they might in no small'degfeeV artima'te the b tner sex to a decent, manly and nble .conduct, if rhey were only to make it a necessryebnui-' " tion of obtaining- their approbation and favoui.' Wealth enlarges the sphere of moral in f.ikrnr - The riqh, who lead the fashioiL.Kav'c in a; I great measutf m their powej to j coder ;!meann j neas anu vice contemptible in the public view i and to make decency and virtue -fashionable.. iMen htgh m ojice, and even ordinary faagis ; tratea have moral influence pronortianal to ihe i degrees of thcrr elevation m and accordinc" to i the aggregate influence of their example; vif-- people. Their ; characters!, will be- critically y scanned and . moje or less pfthpwplewillcc U py their manners ?nd examples, whether good or bad. ' $ j .j.;. '-,:t ' The clerical Jjci nasattacned to it a grefctU , degree of niorat influence. ; A correspondent life in a preacher is the best enforcement of tlielf '. doctrines he preaches whereas morality and religion are more in jured by one vicious chr-, A gyman than they canhe promoted by , alho)i.' -Sand good sermons, ; All men of learning oti , supericur iriowledge have an enlarged scope of i moral influence, and according to, the Use ttiey make of.it, they will promote, glaod morals, or ' will be like the . blasting Bohon,Upas to B t around them. , ' , V )t.V As. tnoral influence is a talent, - we are ac countable for the uss'of'it. ' We areacepunta' blefofSTI tHa evils whktf other are'Ied to com mit;4"c;"S'Vbur meat s,'1 Ifeven o"nesin';l(l prson and much raorj if many have beep cnr, ' demt vicious by thg influence of Our conversa '. tion a.itl cxamwle. we hav a ukA o-nimi j give. Or tho yice ha? not been directly en rv.r SiJltuT.ee against vice and Wthe? pronie: ; tion of morality and pure religion, ;Ve hay -wu uic jjari ut unprotitao'e servauts.-Bu: - - . V fl - 'oi r i To dread no eje, and to stispect po tonguei' is tli . , 1 ; geat prerogative of innocence ah emption grani 1 ed only to invariable -virtue; v.Eut guUt has slvri It borrors fcnd VolicfttuleS t atiff to malt shameful and detestable, it is doomed often tofcbni 1 piwc.vt, uraso ro wnom noamg could give iniiu' efersthe method of JUgendre ectly concjudt'3, tltat the wiser and safer As their object is to 'obtain' and orom'nltmto' enc wgb but their power of betrsyUie. - ; ' "-V- , : i " Vfiv-. V sV!u.t,J vuaTi'ilf;
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
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June 29, 1809, edition 1
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