Newspapers / The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, … / Jan. 31, 1812, edition 1 / Page 4
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) IQY.TICAL. Trim 0 trmuH$ Jsirrnat- i,M-M vrRnee, the ilr of ci!iii)i to "c!l reulJ fnd-; I f ,ou mood S.rBijottne", ' " il hold ! a jiftljfinctii from ti e " Se U.chmoitd in J-r'r ' - So frrU f like thii bad rent her heart, Jtcure from ev'ry hostile Irt, 11 vl virtue jtauriah'd there. ' ' . ' ' Thoae fiiraen. ia iivpr ent to burn, - With ht-i tiJ the mighty urn, v m And though I q'lAe to ? Thia vestibule to wtrei btlow, .Now bud in dual and iSic 1 "' Hu fiUM the vaults of UeU V , ' . : And UiinrVt thod, miserable elf. ? - Tht G O vindictive M thyaelf, ' ' 'v Bti a bUl on earth I V Arimit ! avium I no more blaspheme I .-'".''' Ku longer wrfre the unpiout theme i .e f j' I; Infant c J any ourc-nr : I . :n any I-;:.. ll.- PresLUu to rxceire from jrnj iivMwraK. i n iauthontyorcoumenance was given io y1" the British rernracnt . ovnt.. ' .Exce-trwcy MuttM . Wcr, Iff. I5"c. . ... rc.. s",l. J.mnrrlT. HlJ- the Prtddevt low tioutet nj vwij ThU Small tid RprttnlaHvf tht Vniltrt . i Situ- . I co nmunlciW to Congress Icttef frpm the En VQV ! '. TJOT' G re u-Britain answer of the latter. j , ;. The coot'maed criJencet ikflonled in this rorrev pon lence, of the hostile policy of tne Brkish ROTerm meat Rgdinst our natioiil rights, MretiKthem the cot&ideraUon recommending nd uriog the pro panttioa of adequate racanfor raalntainini? them, "v . - JAMES MADISON. " iricuhingtonf Jan. 15,1843.. ; , , C . , ;t! St e t u t a ft I -r a - her C'. 't"e - i s rcvnrit t f Greit i !ie tha ;ht it cce.ry xhv ure, panLl to tti opc and a .rfn,Pect 01 re y.s in i. . 'it . vwur to t : the re,"- I f iend'f mt -Great-13 rttun, beM out on lt a i tvA aa Commerdil operation if contuwa. m.nd oa the United Sues to .DnU future, i thet are at liberty to ronunue tha U. on!r HUls of an unfriendly nature, arne tJc and with reipet W the aUcCKeo otmnna ,dv the Dronerty ot ne utrut, rillmx to acqniev -1 V Stampt tih Satanic birth. of a aimiWr kind wu to be tipected fron UtcUnd . and with repe W the aUc Dri j$h rxxK the property rdinary and M,uter P en.poteml of , portt. UN Ffench decr;e9 lawful in to the Secretary otaui,wiui tM"VJ-"ri4ir,.ini, ,hrouh they cannot fureiypeaurpiirdifw consider ourselvea.aa at Uberty to rcfuae penrasaion to th French to proht I now, sir, take the opportunity of stating to -.i.1h..rl have revived frcm His Mi-lcsty a be- cretary of Sute, the correspondence cf which you did tne the honqr o transmit to roe a copy in your letter dated October If. rMy government hart not been able to see ia it satisfactory proof of the repeal r tlx- French deercea, and doubt whether the trade carried on by licencesbetween France ami A"1"' will not be regarded, even here, as pruo. Ma. at Bid mmirjiera miif amidst their tears ' AimLW beyond the gtare. 1, , CMAWTT. rosTER to ns. jiomtoe. , ' ' ' : lVahintoni December IT, 1311. " .r.- t ,r,t m.4.in to have written to vou this moment on the subject of oar late correspon- nyiortof them in their fullest extei.t, for if i w... t hud hf. mortincauon io Dcr- ..i i r tn iwwa mi. ta tnat exiem ai ' - j ' tj- . " lacHum v si'ivj P6I51V.T ..kV'" . , circulated from hiehly..respecta-..t nhnuld be necessarv. licence be- That buried in pne common torao, . . . . I . . . . K . t..w.of the nrelensions t ..: .1- -w. K.. fnr that licence, would . '7 ofOreatlWtJnreUtiTe to the Uiuul Sutesnot KdT - . - of the letters which I lnd the ho i Th mntintieil absence hhhetto fcf any instrh- , iDaulbtrJpfroitcbJeatruthl ,. ( I nour to address to you, and which at a time when. ment wbich the icpeal has been effected, isa '" . J . - .' ' : iditttMidona nr4 rsodattioe 'to important tothe two'n,..,.. akaof aut-nrise. for if there were any fair r.K'hou V,r: countries, mich,lfft unrecti&ed, produce an cf- dfcali,Jj; in th6 transaction, no Yeasott can be given .rJ-r'r" j..iSwi.,..av! Z, fectidehlv to bo lamented bV boh the American hv Franca for tvof nroductinK t ; it is very desira ti,. i.. a bimiwi a'a form anoearf. f I and British Governments, inasmuch as by creating. hu that it should be -"produced, if auch an instru unnecessary imuuon, tney nugm mivw wmausn ment w existence, in oraer mat we my snow iV in the way of a restoration of a friendly understand what e'xUnt the decrees have been repealed, if they ing between thenv - ' t. ' "..'V really have been to in any respect. .Mr. .Russel I tl it asserted in the statement referred to,' that however, does not appear to have len in possession I have, in the name or my government, aemanaea 0f jt at the date of his letter of last uiy. it is m that the United States eovr rtiraeirt should pasl a Af!rill u,nm. Dartiiularlv" interestine, that we should . . . -r n . i J u .... . r . . . l , ...r law tor tne mtronucuon oi bhuwi juuva, iu see this Instrument since r puoucauon yi wi. American ports, and also that , the United Statet Russii't correspondence with his own government, should vtidertake' to force France to-' receive into by which it eppeari that really,' and in fact, the her harbors1 British manufactures ' ; , French government did not. release any '.American Ibecpcrmission", sir, to declare that neithef of . shins, taken' after, Nov'embfr luntilthey had. be these demands have been made by me, and that come acquainted with the President's Proclamation, my meaning niust not have been; understood, if that vesseli have i?een taken so !a(e as, Deccrri such was conceived to" have beerf its import.' I jrn tbe dirett voyagi .rem this country to could noi hsve demanded the passage of such a !aws jjya for until a copy of such instrument js pro? as above stated, because my government does not jaced,lt is impossible to know whether any other pretend to interfere with the internal fTernment trade i allowed by France- than that betweeh her ol a menaiy power, norow i mean w ucuuutu n dominions ana the ports ot tne unitea otates. America should force France to receive our rnanu, -i j naw the honor to be, with the highest conside: facturesi, J 'y c i ration, iir,ytf&r most obedient humble servanu i All t meant to say was,. mat uroi3sion v '.w,;.;;.,jA;K:.AlJU.,tuij.iiai. Fiench commerce , while that fcf England has been ? exeluCed from the UnUed btate: pons, ks re garded by GreatiBritaln as highly unfriendly in A metica, and that aconufiuation of such policy would he retaliated upon by;Gre4t iBittain with similar 7," -'nm'nEAUT'a EASB.- sy - M;n avprl imitations' ? CAMOEwj'i beautiful v- - . . . .. , ... ...i. Cvuonet, "Jurt Wee love it ymuwr .wiitim ui fjri&rjtawe. wu compared to an ua ana ail vy wne. Hot like love a yon ur roae,- ' " :i V -Vhichittght and tmiisieut, wildly blows ; , " Its blushing breast like patut glows, ' , " . ....... "i ' Not like love.1 A ' "V 5v c4. like love Is yonder Oak ; ' " , It onV,' fcels the lightning' rtmke, i. v. , And uetr are it ulumbers broko, -s .-.'V:. ; : By ighs of lovei . ; , Not like love the Ivy vine, , t; s ' ' v J h tWiich rotiiul ibe )k admirea to trineiT 7-", ? - 5V The weak and mighty ne'er combine, , ' , ' . In bonds of lore, ... . tell have SeenaliUle flower, 7. That blooms almoul in Vnv, r' bowery . Yith Heart ttucMleiM!; mny an b"ir, r - . " Just iika knv " Just like love In SWji? it blowa ''4--,l Itawets oil Summer lapltttirows j 1 1 . . . i A)id latem Auluxm't bower it plo" " '"i ; , , Bright as love . - ' Just like love Its tender form' . .. . .. . '. . . ''.". Bndureathr fUm ami braves the stomv ' j :- lt tho'to arthiiw:ti are irivee , : ' lit steady eve is fixed on Heaven, , - -'-v', Jutlikelov. v ' ZPIGRAM " , -' A foot STidkrtave with different Views, ; s, , v '- For JourA'a hand apply j ', J" ' The knave, to mend bin fortune sues,,-, . , ; ., '' , The fool to please hireye. . Ask you how Julia will behave?.. - t, .. Impend on't for a rule, , , . ,( - ; . If she's a foot she'll wed.the knave- . ' Ifahe'aaknrve, the fool. . , " ' To'fhe'lloti'. Imte jlAfynrocf ife, A; tin. ftbimc to k. rostxa. ' '''j ' .DehdrtmenS of State January 1 41 8 18. r ' C-. - -;" i . . . a r. ; t 1 1 wj.Tr .-.c, . ! '.l ruti.f.s -din.t it r of c . r ' .rd tf wn. If I y the Uw 1 1 r . tl'.: .it: l baa a r' .ht ?o scire r-eutrJ j - the otl.tf Kr!:irrrnt b .s texr'- . Nor ,ht I tooveu k rS-t t piau'us t f t terft Araniwn '-Jts in i.rrUriJ, v . f.'.th due tt Amcne?.n deftrr:-, i -etot'. c States cen ..il irj-.ny Ag.rst t, , s ; Minister of t! e L ni'.cd Suict I ' , ? - pear by rcfcrcTi e tohislc'Jfrtu .!.: cslcTof tbe id 1 1 My. I 3IO, rt a pnatoUuon, in pursuance cf it w govetrmem, nn a!)r:.iroicvcry i r tevedbyhim, -':c'k ii.iht cu ., . t , and auppresi.it. It i J .;uful to a ! t . , i nronicatic was entirely disrcp:-r.' .' 1 i Britain should conijMiii of acts i, I r .,:,u tl by her neglect, she was fciHirummul, ' fiom them prooi in suppon oi ncr ckuts i i c til, otiht certainly not have teen ctiH.no 1. You remal also, that the rrac.ice ol u,e i r govemruent to'grant licenrri t'r certain Ar.n i vessels ecgged ki tiie tiv-'c between the L'i.;. State and France, is an additional proof that ', Krench decrees still operate trt their fullest ex- On what principles t'nis infere'te, is t'rawn f that fact it is impossible r me to covecive. .it not the object of the Bei 1 and Milan decrcu prohibit the trade between tr.e united btates t France. -They were meant to-prolii Uit the tr. of the United Staea with Great Britain which vl lated our neutral rights, and to prohibit the trs of Great Britain with the continent, with which t' United' States have nothing to do. irtUe -' had been to prohibit the , trade between the Via States and F"ance,Grcat Biitiin" cocld never h found in theni any pretext for complaint. " Aik. the idea of retaliation could in any respect hz. been applicable, it would have been by prchiti i bur trade with heiself. i To proltibit it with, Fraiv would not have been t; retaliation but a. co-c ? ration If licencing by France the trade" in cen instances, prb any thinp, k proves, notl.ing n c than that the trade with Frcnccj in ether inst .rr is under resUaiftt. . lit seems impossible, to txt: from it in j.-y respect, that the Beriiij and M. decrees are in force, so far ytf&ey prohJhit Uie tr. betwjecn the United Sutes and Kjg!muLv I mi, here repeat that the French. practice ! granting I. cencct to trade; between' toe United .Jita'tcs a- France, Tnay nave ceen intertuea in part, nt least . a securily S?Al't Ihe sliiiuMcd papers the fo:--mg of; which was not supptessed in ti:jnd. l. is not' .to bk'iriferred frpitv' .U:cw jemarksT that a trade" by licence,'is " oft s; witU' ""wlijch the U. St ' are sausficd . They" have the strongest object! to it, but these we, uunde'd orj other prinefptcs't' llinso noo-pc.i,l in (.ill rifitff. i i "&t- --J.-T . ... , ; . It it a causa of great , surprise' to the Fresi , that your government ha$ not seen n the coi rt j portdennc of JVlr.- Jlusscil which I had tbeoncrta communicate to you on the I Ttl.tf Octulier and which bis been l;tcly traminiued to you t;' your govtroir.ent,' sufficient pMif of ; the repeal d the Ccrliu and Lilian decreei, jrilepcnc'ent of t restrictionscft herpart, which waa so far t totvtlf"- finfl -r-w- tb first' moment 1 Donclence 5HVded,'it was not to Ire nrcsumed fa- forKke. Bat while the Amen- tiiat i tould teirrand. to' make" the observauons the intimation of the Marciuis cf WelkS'.ty, t! I nn nfTerihir of lilt .... r - . . - - - . . Tiiat 1 CO can non-iroportaUon act excludes Brltisli trade iront wjj-nu the Uliteditates, ports, it must be hscbllected that t ill goes sun urtne aim eiciuucsaiau uuuw " . Presii snips ironr American pons, wuue u aurrws uio3cj k ivpe enemies ui uiv uiumu. suggests iJHWas'tobe Ifantmitted to yowvto &vf ttkevi L ... .... . . tld have alibrdcd great satistachon -to the iconwocnjuon in tne oepcnm; tfiscuions tii?r lent, to have found in the communicaUon, J was ot nature to have no weight ia Uicsc r----- r,, - . ' . , .. .. . - Jf. - . i 7 ntinuuai.iwwi nn rn an n1 f K rtiiTofvnr cnhciatini Ko. I 1 Ii rtftmnnrt U'hlfill f nif tlfiW nif.L fi.irfr is responsible forth equality its rujesorconeen 0UP eoontwet; I am sort v to be obUgcd to the order given by tie 'Trench -government to i. toward?lhe belligerent power? , ttduef the words We; that t present, ,' new proof only of hs deter- cruisers, ir. consequence of'be repeal of Hie French ofanAmencait Secfetiry of Statin the year ' iTminatum to adhere tothe policy, to which they are decrees, is a hew proof of its indisposnion p repeal and therefore the hart of the law which e8tdUsiies VrtTiltts.ll(1 . r -. the.ftrdera' k cmmciLhe-' ileclatt,.: of the STATE, PAPERS. JTOSTia. TO MR. liOKAOB. WaitUngton, Ucc, SS, 1811.' an inequaUty was justly an toDject PI more serious A Vm, .w- Unnr f vcuf (ftmirr 1 French Pvirnmtht was.as has been hr, i.fnre oM rcomplaint oii the part of Great BrKain;- You are Ucr9 hM tnisunderstood in two imnoruntl served, a solemn and obliinjtory act, ana as such aware, sir, ot.the aavantage which we Majesty a clrcumstanc . that ou nate been represented to entitled to the notice and respect of other gorem enemiei have derived from this tte roequahty, bt demanded of the the J. States; a law for' the ments. It Was hicurnbent 6u Gre Britain, there, wnicn en.ro es mem, laougo posseswug no pen in iDtroduclion of British goods inW their portsV end fore, in fulfilment of her er.gagcmctit, to have pro this hemisphere, conttnuiilly to prey on the trade of tnat they 8,,ouia aIsa undcrtai5e to forcc France to ? vlded that her orders In council sliced not have ef- jv, . vv -vv, '; receive British manufactures into her harbors. - ; tcct alter the time fixed .forvthe .ce tsation -ot the, cruisers and their prtzes. .t-j'Vi V A,- You state that on the first' noint. it w mmv hi I French decrees. .; A nretennn in Great BritJia The piohibmon.of entry to;h.s Majesty t ehmf tention WA t0 remonstrate aeuinst the non4mpoiia to kee lr orderi in force till she reciived satis- anq uiuncnaiy i lacuon oi uie pracucai , compliance oi, irancc, i its repeal was I utterly incompatible witl hcr pleage,'. rA cioubt. persevered in, liQUnc3ed on ony single act, however unauthorised, retaliate on committed by a French privateer, tri'gbt, on tUi: ' UftV 1 tv. Viatel -vniWKk U tnUiil-lk tnbes,frora the great fermentation atoongtnrovto UnUej statesuntil either by the revocation of the avi ila Cifl n't'lrlr fan I MR U IllltTfl DfUIPR. Hlltl 311innnk I . . .. . . . prohitruon above stilted, or the placing all the bel- make an attack on the United States, and authoris ' inc him to impaH his. suspiaons -to the Americun Secretary cf State ; he hud actuuUy done so verbrd ly to Mr, Smith, your predecessor In office, and on ecarching among the Brcbleves pf this mission, t have found the! letter alluded to bfjSir James Crai, " by which he did authorise Mr; Morier tctake the communic8tin in question, as well s a memot an dum of is having so been made, as also'an exjiress declaration of Sir James Craig, that although he doubted there would not be wanung persons who would be readv to attribute the movements'" of the ' Indianstotiieinflutiice of the British government, yet that his department were actually making every exertion in uicu jiuwci w aaaisi, m rcTciumguieu HttcmDts.-r- 1 - r7"'r'S ". .- rT ' ," This eviden,' e, sir, of a friendly disposition to pet " the umtea. states government on tneir . guard , cainst the machinatiops of the savages, and even to aid'm pi-eventing the calamity ; which has taken place, is so honorable io the Governor General of ' tinfonuded : reports which have been " spread of a conu-aiy nature, that 1 cannot resist the impulse I ; have to draw your attention towards it, not that I conceive, however, that it was necessary to produce ' this proof to tbe United States" government of the frisky of such reports, which th$ character of tbeBri tish riation, and the manifest inutilitV of ursinK the Indians totbeir destrudion, should have renrftred impj-obable, but in order that you may be enabled in case it shall seem fitting to you, by Rivine nubli city to tide letter, to corn et the mistaken notions ' on the subject, which have uttfortunately found their way even among persons of the. bigbeRt respecta bility, only, as lain convinced, fiom their having . . '. . r. i I 'u,., i i- . ..ir pcen misinionueu. i . , ; f V - AUG. J. FOSTER: :,-1 The hon. Jamc Monroe, drc. CVri ; - i.'' s.w liferents binder ihe same , prohibiuon;" America should cease to violate the ; duties of a Neutral na tion'' .'iS 'i'm T C, '- 'v. "' V:'" v";-;,', With respect, however, ''to the strpposed demaftd that Ann-H- i sl ould force the etdry of British maiiiif !cturr 'into. France it is most particularly necessurjtha I should exphdn jnyself,; as a total misconcftijion appears , to have, taken place upon this poi-.su,.,-. The question of -retaliation on . the Frtnch decrees isi!irtctlv' one between Encland and France. ' In con8cqiifcuce,of the extraordinary blockade of England, 4 r atti'irl bur defence been obliged to blockade Frsnrey and prohibit all trade m i iuu ii t-iuuicA uciMw1 trujiiiuoH vy ry r . li . j 1.. rr. . ; i ' . i ,rv t . r nuicaj oi an grains iu cnii nicics, ;f l mew sure of; retaliation, it is wished, should operate on rrance &ktic bat trom the trade carnea,tcn' whh France by America, it unavdably operates olao. on her i uis admeasure to-i destroy the ". FrencS. irauc in rciurii lor me sinimaf measure , oi r ranee on which it is retaliatory, nd its acting on neutrals is an incidental etfect ot it, consequent , upon the submission of neutrals to the original-measures f iae enemy agains i cai-irnam. is, indeed, melancholy that the unnatural situation of Europe shouia produce sucn a result, but i cannot see how this can be considered & war on .American com merce, when all other American trde .but that which is carried on with our enemy's ports in de fiance of a blockade authorised by the laws of reta iiation is unaffected by h We eomph'm that A merics does not resist the regulations of the Ber-l Tin anr Milan d9crees, and object to permitting the ituuii vi, uio wuu uct uuiiug vucir- continuance (hat you intended only to urge, Jhat in consequence j might have the same effect j and in like manner ot tne .extraoriimary hlocKatie of - Eneland, vour 1 her compliance micht be withheld as lonsr as t! government had been obliged , to blockade France, wtirccmtinned. .-. But let me here remark, that ;C ' and to prohibit all trade in French aiticles,m return there was room for a question, whether the Frenca for the prohlbitidn by France of all trade in English repeal tiid, or did not take effect, at the date an artkles. ;:"'. ' nouttcedbv France.' and" rBnnWd b . ITnitpd ' U ft is suflicient to remark on.(h''fi,rpinnttbftt j States it cannot be alledgcd thatnbe decreet havo.V on vmaicver gronncj me repeal ot the non-im porta-1 not ceasea to operate since the 2d of February last, viuii vi ia requu-eu, wo wnitea otaies are jasuned a' neretoiore observed.- And "as the actual eeasa- in adhering to it, by the refusal of the British 1 tion of the decrees to violate, our neutral rights, vernrneut to repeal its orders, in Council ; fcnd if j was the only essential factiirthe case anil has I nff - a tnsunction is inui proaocea between Ureat-Bi 1 been fcnown to your government, the orders in coun tain and the other belligerent, it must be referred I cil, fom the date of that kncwlcce, oucbt to have w .v wM.v. ! iuo vuiiuuv.i ,yi inq w. parties, i msw, wvurawg to tt4w.n. principles oi.d piedpes.,. wn ineiaccona point, i nave to observe that the ',iiut tne question whether end when the rcx; l explanation given cannot be satisfactory; Wause it of the Berlin nd Milan decrees took effect in re dees not meet the ; case now existing. France did, lalion to the neuttui commerce of ihe United Starc5r vv. .wuftau0 ui .iiKiiivi, Bgauisc 1 1 Bupcrv.cuea Dy xne rtovai and extraordinary claim the trade of he United States.and prohibit z of Gi eat Britain to a trade in British article with iraue j. nguu eniciea on tne nign ,seas, but this,, ner enemy ; lor supposing the. repeal to have ta blockade &i.tf prohibition,, no ' longer exist It ik ken place, in the fullest extent claimed by the V " " " r, "7 .numfwu prqniDH i mwu oiaies, couw, according to that claim, have a trade in EnghMi articles, within . he f.riiio,itil 1 no eERffitln'remntotno. t,'- ..11 ' i -ait uiuci lit 1 1 1 ri . jurisdiction r but thit prohibition violates no nation al rights, or neutral , commerce, on violates no nation- j On a full view of the Conduct "of the British to ce, of the U, Sttes. 1 vernrnent in these transactions, it is imbosIe to , - m r "I-I."v. vu u9 a 1VII - mer, and not the lattei uUenlicts H U s requlr, niittccl'the; French decTees to be1 ecU 1 il 1 edthat Trance shall chance her internnl wWlm. I t. niA s r..? Tr , . - . . " t----. t 1 vnuymnsuimii iwice s nee. notwiiu Kr.:.? . "S?. ?T. S'?011 wl cIln?c1 standing the pretext for them has been- removed IiR : "KW,?"ira -0 the nd latterly u haa added a new. condition of their iviuiq i VAt-kA.jk..i . . a l a i i a ' rY MB. . MOWROE TO MR. FOSTER. ' "; ' .' ; f Department cf Stat Jan. 9, 1812. v : Sir1 have had the honor to receive' your- letter of tho 28th ulu UsiYowuig any agency of your go- STCZS.;! d-not demand, vvithout .kpartb,,, against the commerce of England 1 but tht is not merican vessels have M,n tawrCl IT. . . . I I 1 . ..J.l t. I " exa ting,-s has been representctt,' that4 America should lorctf British -manufactures into France i .U Is pursuing only a lust course of retaliation on our . nemy.: If America. wishes to trade with France, if I 'rench commerce is of importuhce to her we e't-pf-ct she should exact of France to trade with her as she has a l ight to demand in her quality, cf neu tral J but if 8ho docs rt clux3c- to excrcilie tliis i--.. ' . 'i .'';-''..-'' ; - ' t' , 'I '-v' -1..' ; ' ... ... :.- ,' r .... ; '. ' nwa oiiiuti inu- uini ij i ill iiir iinininri'o i .I I,... . . i . - . .. . ii.,j. rure of which rested, W Ihe, Berlin and Milan rV -V: t uL ' ' t5 T . crees only, were, as soon as that f t a,.h,-,u5. 4 ' nav th Wt lo be, Jcc.J U.' , , ... - ..WVV.I LWII I i j ' f ' twn Might there hot ed, delivered up to their owreM. U other gtev,nd ivlso, c vl4ch ecizprct tsi-htb di'S'tteti J, foster, psq. &c, t V- -' r .':iv;,-'.'(,l . i
The North-Carolina Star (Raleigh, N.C.)
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Jan. 31, 1812, edition 1
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