X
THE SI
'And North-Carolina State Gaze
f-i
Ko. 1.
SALEIGH, (N. C.) JANUARY S, 1818.
Voi.
Mr. Murphefs Rt'part on Kdmaiiun ( concluded.J
7th. As 3 ion as any Acaclemy is ready for the admission
of jjupils, the Trustees may recommend to the Board ol Pub-
lie Instruction, any person to be a Professsr or teacher ih re.
io who, if approved, after examination in some mode to be
prescribed by the Board, shall be regardec as a professor or
Teacher of such Academy, but subject to removal at the
ph asure of the Trustees or of the B;.ard. Where vacsncies
shall occur among the Professors or Teaclers during the re
cess of the B ard, the Trustees may mak; temporary ap.
poiotments, to be confirmed or disapproved by the Board at
their nexi session. y
8th. The frusiees of any Academy mar fi\the salaries of
their respective d^eachers, subject to he cmtroluf the Board
cf public instruction : One third part of the salaries shaU
be paid hy'the Board at such times and in such tvay as they
shuil pre- cribe,
9th. Th^ professors and teachers in any Academy shall be
bound to in ruct, free of charge for tuition, the pupils whom
the Board of Public Instruction mav desigr.ate to be taught
in said Academy at the public exp. nee. _
Your committee have perhaps c:one into unnecessary de
tails resp ‘cting the Academies. Th nr plan simply is, to di
vide the-state into ten Academical districts, and -hat one A-
caderay be erected in each ; that the state shall advance one
third of the sum requir 'd for the erection of necessarry build-
ixed 'one third of t.h sum to be paid in salaries to pro
fessors and teachers—m .king it their duty to teach poor chil
dren free of charge,
Tlie 13 lUY sit^.
This institution hxs beim in oprruti-.-ii lor twenty years, and
insdtationsf in which youth could b .- instructed preparatory to
their entering upon a course of the higher branches of science
in the University. This lacier disadvantage has been so great,
that the Trustees have been competed to convert the Uni
versity, in part into a grammar school. This disadvantage has
been of late removed in party by the estublishment ol Acade
mics in different parts of ihe siace ; but ic will continue to be
niuch felt, until regular Academical Insd iuions shall be
made and the course of instruction prescribed for them.
Another serious disadvantage and a consequence of the one
last mentioned, is the necessity Yvhich the peculiar state of
Academical leai ning has imposed upon he Trustees, of con
ferring the H moraiy P- grees of an University upon young
men. who have not made that progress in the sciences, of
which their Diploma purports to be a testimonial. This is
aT> evil that is found in almost all the of the union#
A young man enters into an Universi y with only slight ac
quirements in classical education, and after remakiing four
years, during which tmie he is instructed in only the outlines
of the general principles of science, h : receives a degree :
;he consequ. nee is that he leaves the UDiveri;ity with hia
mind trained only to general and loose ha'dUs cf thinking:
and if he enter into professional life, he has to begin his edu
cation anew.—The great object of education is to discipline
the mifid, to give to it habits of activity, of close investiga-
And it is u reproach
Mind: 2d. iVloral : 3... Th • L-iv/ of Nature a .d =.t
dons: 4-.h. GovernmeiU aad Ltg-siatioa: 5Lh. Poiiticai E-
conomy.
Tlife diodes InstTWctlon.
The great object Oi i.di,canon is intcijectu..i and moral im-l
provemenr ; and that mode of ins;rucd.-n is tcy be piel rredl
wMchbest serves to elFec: this objeci. Thar m de is to be I
found only in a correct knowledge of the human mu d usl
habits, payslons, and manner of operatic n. 'i he phi < s -phyl
of the mind, which in ages preceding had been culdvatf-d cm-
ly in ifs detached branches, has of late years received form I
and system in the schools of Sccaland. Tiiis new scie’hce pro- 1
mises the h appiest festiUs. I has saj.-ped ch- f undatioi* |
scepticism by establi-hirg the auth viiy cii ihose prim i
truths and intuitive piiriciples, which form the basis efa >1'^
pioriatradoD ; h has taugh. tc; tr.Aii du-c of hi?. ;• leif
iu^l powers, and marking die line \vh.ch Sc ara.es tm h r
hypothetical conjecture, has pointed ou. t*.. his view hrb u
claries which Providence has prescribed to his enquiri- s. I
has determined the laws of the vari-»us faculties of thoJ
mir.d, and furnished a system of philosophic h gic hir ,]
ctinducti-. g our enquiries in every branch of kno viedge. This
new science has given birth to new m-.th -ds of instiucrion ; ^
methods, which being founded Uiion a correc knnw'edgr of I
the faculties of the mind, ha-, e emin- ut.y mc’llcactd che-r de-
ti.on ; in fine, to teach men—to thznL And it is u reproach ! velopement. Pcstalczzi in Swiizc rland and J seph Lanca!
upon aim-.St dl the literary knititutiuns of otr country, that j ter in England, seem to have been most succ- shuiln ihc ap-
the cou se of studies pursued in them teach most ycui-g plication cf new methods to the instructi n of ; bbdren. T ir
men only howto btcome literary tviflers. Their mukifa- m. thods are dilf<.:reat, but ench is funded up Pa proiou d
rious occupaiioos dissipate their time and attention : They knowledge of the human mind. Th -^ basi§ of each method
acquire much sup -’ficiai kno’.vUdge ; but they remain gno- is, the excitement of the curiosity of children ; ihereby awak-
j rant of the profounder and UiOre abstract truths of philosophy, ening their minds ano preparing ht-m to receive insmucti m.
The success winch has attended ;he apolicaticn of theii me
thods, particularly that of Lancaster, has h -en astonishing.
Although but few years have elapsed since La- ca^-trian
, . _ . Schools were first established, they have spread over lh« Bri-
elevate our character; it has given to society maoy useful! To rcmo*e this reproach upon the s^ate of learning among tish Empire, exceiidtd into the cnitinenL oi Eu;*-pe, the I 1-
members, not onlv to the iiberai professio';--., but hi ihe walks | ^ new plan of instruction in our University must b« or- | and of St. Domingo, and - the United Stat-'s. Various im-
of private Ute acd thr cumber of its pupils who are honored ^ ganised ; a plan which shall give to the different classes in ihe j provements in the details of his plan havt hcen suggested by
with seats in this L* gisia u;e .s a pr of of the estimation in j institution, an arra-'gement founded upon a philosophical di-j experience and adopted ; and it is pruhabic tha, in time, his
Wiuch they are heid bv tli-dr fsil-jw cidizcns. Whm this in- j Vision of the present imi. roved state of knowledge ; and which ' will become the universal mode of instruction for childi - n*
stuudon was nrst fou Klt d, u was foodiy h ptd dial it vveuid | in its execution shall train the mind both to liberal views and , The Lancastrian plan is ■ qualiy distu guished b\ its simpiicity.
has been eminently us' ful to the state. It has contribuiedT Indeed the road (o the profound sciences is of late so iniest-
perhaps, more than any oth r cause, to dilTuse a taste for ‘ ed with pleasant elementary Books, Compilations, Abridge
reading among the people^ and excite a spirit of liberal im- j Summaries and Encyclopedias, that Lw, very few, in
p ovement; it has cotiiributed to change our manners and 1 our country ever travt,lit.
be cherished with pride by the Legktature : But uafortu
nately the nature of the funds wi h which it was -ndowed, i
[minute investigation
! Ymr committee have been thus particular i; submiting to
a h ift time rendered ic cduius to some, and cooled the arcinr - the two houses an exp ..-sition of the aciual condition of the
ofothe.s. fne lorreat of p'ejMdice could 'tiot be stemmed ; University, with a view of recalling their consideration to the
the fbstering pr itectioo of L g’slatare was wuhh-.ld, and isulemo irqii ction of ’.he consti-ution as to every part of the
th^: insvituti -n l- fc -ieperideot upon [jrivao; mu.iifioenct. In- \ subject referred to them ; That a school or schools shah
dividuals contributed n )t onl\' to r‘ Ii- ^0 its necessities, but |be esi iblished by the Li gts'a'-ure for die convenient ii-struc-
to rear up its edific:^ anh establish a pernra.?-iit fund for ilsltjonof yoa;h. with such salaries £0 the masters, paid by the
supp iro At th:: h^a] 01 tuese iidiv duals, stood the late Go- [public, as may enab’e them to instruct at I 'w prices ; and ali
■ Rmi h. Ch rlcs Gerard a- d G nb TK *n“j P -rs'-c. I'ne • useful learniogshaii be au.v er•Cv>Qrag^ d ana promoted in one
first t wo mad' valuable donatiuiis in lands, ,md th last, in a ^or more Universities,” Our Univrrsiiy is the only InstJ'.u-
9uin of m.tncy with wbich one of the Hatis of he University rjon which th- Legislature has yet founded and endowed in
has bsen erected. To enable them,to complete the main edi- coroplianCe his ic-juncti'-n; but even as to this instjtu-
Ece, the Trustees have been covnpeltod to sell mo^st of the tion the spirit . f th : constitution is far from being compUc^
lands devised to them by Mi. Gerard, and as the lands con- with. We have not buildings' for the acc 'inmodation o'
veved to them by Governor Smith lie within the Indian
bouiidary, the Trustees have no. been able as yet to turn them
to a productive accoilar. With the aid thus derived from ia-
d.vidunls, together with occas omil fu ds derived from es
cheats, the uis'.itution has pre^.essed thus far. The legisla
ture, after exhausting its pau.cnce in endeavoring to collect
the arrearagijs of debts due to the state, transferred to the
trustees of the Uo.iversiiy those aivcaragrs, with the hope
th-it tb ry w jUid oe able to enforce payment. Bix: no better
[ f Miune has attended then cffjrts tliau dio-io of the state, ar^
thisiransTr has prov'. d of no avail to the institadon. The
sui'plus remaining in toe hands of admiuisirators, where the
I Bext of kill have made no c'aiin within seven years, have also
been transferred to the trustees j but this has as yet yielded
I a very small fund, ana probably never wiliyield much. The
Legislatu'-c have enbugeU ihc rights . f inhcntancev and in
this way hav.; nearly deprived the institution of the revenue
fr >m e‘ t'‘k.ais. Amidst an these embarrassments, the trustees
have never-lost Sight of the necessity of accumuiati- g a fund
in Bank S'oek. the an-.uai proceeds of which would enable
them to continue the operat*> ns -.T' the im titution ; and they'
have succec ded so far as to be able to support two Professor
ships, and employ two or three tutors. But there is little
prospect of adding to thi fund, until the lands given by Go
vernor Smith can be sold ; ana ii chat period be waited for,
the institution must necessarily languisii and sink in respec'ta*
bility. it IS at this momei.t aim >st destitute of a Library,
and entirely destitute of the Apparatus necessary for instruct
ing youth in ihe mathematical and physical sciences. Add
10 this, that one half of ihc neccbsary buddings have ns^t been
erected. - _
In this state of things, and at a^oment when former pre
judice.- -have ciLd away, when liberal id:as begin to prevail,
when ihe pride of the state ic. a-wakening and au honorable am
bition is cherished tor hc.-r gl ly, an appea is made to the pa
triotism and the generou.=) feeiiiigs oi the hgislaiure in favor
of an Inst iution, which in ali civilized i.atiuns, h’ls been re-
guarded as the nursery of moral greatness, and the palladium
of civil libei ty. T hat people \ ho cuhivate the sciences and
I the arts with most success, acquire a most enviaole superiuri- 1 young man ought to be admitted into the Universitv
1 ty over others- Learned ruca o> the it cii'Caveries unci works ; without such knowledge,
give a lasting splendor to natio..ai character ; and such is the j 3^ Univ-r aty the coarse ofeducation should occupy
enthusiasm of man, that there is not an uicii idual, however j years; and there sh :u'id be four ciasses, to be designateci,
I humble in life his lot may be, who docs not feel proud to be- j The.Ciass of Langu iges—In this cIjss should be stu-
lorg to a couDiry^ honored with great men and magaificent j more difficult Latin, Greek and French classics:
I lu^jLitutions. it IS due to Noith Carolina, it is due to the 2. Ancient and modern hi.itory : 3. Belles Letters: 4. Rhe
toric.
2d. Th-e class of Malbematics—In this class should be
studied, 1. Pure Mathematics: 2. Their application to the
purp 'Ses of phy^sical science.
3. The class of the Phy -ical Sciences*—In this class fehould
be taught, I. Physics; 2. Cliemistry : 3. The Ph.losophy of
youth, nor books nor apparatus for their instruction-
committee di.i therefore rec'>mmend,
1st. That three additional buildings be erected at the Uni
versity ; two, for the accbmtriodatioa of studtn.s, aud one for
the library and apparavus. This last building to contain suit
able rooms for the delivery of lectures by the differtm pro
fessors.
2od. That a library and suitable apparatus for instructing
you.h in the Mathematical and Physical sciences, be procured
for the use oi the said Institution.
3rd. -That funds be assigned for endowing two professor
ships, and supponiiig six additional teachers.
These arc die present wants of the University; as our pop
ulation increases, the number of buildings must be eocreased
and more funds be provided for supportii g teachers. In a
subsequent part of this report your committee have recom
mended that there be four classes in the University v/ith a prOf
fessor at the head of each, who sliall be assisted with such ad-
JuBct professors or teachers, as the state of the institution may
require.
T1\b Uom-se o£ StwAit-a.
1st.In the Primary schools should be taught Reading, Writ-
i.ig and Arithmetic. A judicious selec .ion of Books should
f rom time to time be made by the Board (T Public Instruction
for the use of small children : Books which will excite ih-^ir
curiosity and improve their moral dispositions. And ihe
its facility of application,.the rapid in- cUec’ual improvemr-nt
which it gives, and the exact discipline which it enforces.
The moral effects of the plan are also astf nishieg; exact and
correct habits are the surest safeguards :f m -rals ; and it ha
been often remarked, that out the in.nu-^ se numner of |
chUdren and grown persons instructed in L.-.iacasCv.’o Sc'c-.-cls,
few, very Lw, have ever been prosecuted in a Court of Jus
tice for a y ofi. nee,—Y ;ur committee do theref.-re vtu rn-
mendj'that whenever it be practicable, - h L.u c .h rvi' m- de I
uf instrucrioa be imroduced into the Fiimary schools. The |
general principles of the method mac be succcs fui':y in to-
cluced into ihe Academies and XJuiversi v •-—A d your com
mittee indulge the hope, that the B aid of P. bh.. Instruction,
and the Professors and Teachers in th.se respective inst' tu-
odation options, wiU use their best endeav rs to adopt a'd eniorct thsj
ion—your methods of instruction which the ptesent state qf know® I
redge will enable them to d- vise,
TY\e DiscipYine and noveTrnment oi Uve
Schools.
In a republic the firsi duty oi a citizen is obedienee to .be I
law. We acknowledge 11 sovereign but the law, a.-d ftt.ai
ill ancy to manhood our children should be taught to bow v, iih I
reverence to its majesty, in chiidhoodj parental autho. 'uy
enforcts ihc first lessens of obedience ; in youth this autho*
rit;, is aided by the municipal law, -which in ma- h od wieids
the enure supremacy. As the poditical power and .he 8 ci.al |
happiuc.ss of a State depend upon the (B. dience of its cii.zeus,
it becomes an obj -ct oi the first importance to teach you,h to |
reverence th* 'lav., 8i cherish habits of implicit obedience to its ]
authority. Such obedience not only contributes to the strength 1
and tranquility ol the state, but also Cuusticutes the basis of
good muuntrs, of deference and lept.ct in social intercourse.
But iu our country, youih gt neraiiv become acquainted vvtth
the freedom of our p-liticai institutions, much sooner haa
with the principles upon which that freedom isbotiomtid,a.,d
by which it is t.j be preserved ; and few learn, u to txpe»
rience teaches ihem in the schotil of practical life, that true I
liberty consists not in d iug what they lease, hut in doing
that which the law permits. 1 he cmsequcnce has been, that
riotand disorderhave dishonored almost aU the CoUeo-esaiid
'Universities ot the Union. The temples t,f science have 1
I great man,* who first pro'posed the fou'.datioa of the Univer-
I siiy, to foster it with pares.t.il fondness & to give to it an im-
Iportance commensurate with the high destiuits of the .state.
I Your commi.tee deem this suij- ct of ss.- much interest, that
I they beg brave in a future report 11 suomit to the two houses
I a pUi.i for increasing the funds of the Unive sity.
This institution has uniformly labored under the d uble Natu-al History : 4. Mineralogy: 5. Botany : 6. Z tob.gy.
disadvantage of a want ol funds, and the want of subsidiaiy : 4. '/’he class cf the M iral iind Political Sciences—In his
Gcu. tVillwm rt. Davie
Board should be empowered to compile and have printed for I been converted into theatres f.,r acting disg.-acefiji ’scenes ■:,£
the use of the Primary schools, such booksas they may thick ' licendouSne,ss and rebellion. How flfun has the generous
will best subserve the purposes of inteileciuai and moral in-j patrioJ sht.d tears of regret for such enmirai follu-s of
struciion. in these books should be contained many, of the ; youth ! Follies which cast reproach upon learning and
Historical ^.irts of the old and new '1 estauieut, that children bring scanda. upon the state, '/’nis evil can only be correct! d'
may early be made acquainted with the hook, which contains by the moral effects of early educati’n ; by histilling into
the word of truth, and the doctrines of etc; nal life. [children upon the first ci-awnings ol reasi.n, the principies of
^ 2. In the Academies should be taught the Ladn, Greek, : du'y, aad by nurturing those p inciples as reason advances
French and English languages, the higher rules of ,Arith- undl obedience to authority shall become a habit of their na-
metic, the six fiist books ot Euclid’s Elements, Algebra, Cure. When this course i hail b. found in.ffectuEl, the arm of
Geography, the elements ot Astronomy, taught with the th civil p.iwer must be stretched forth to-iis aid.
use of the Globes, Ancient and M dern History. Theb.ifisi The discipline ofa Uuiv,:rsity may be much aided bv the
I of a good educatiou is classical and mathematical knowledge ; i arrangeman't of the buddings, and the location of the differ
ent classes, Each class should live . together in srparaie]
buildings, and each be under the special care of its own pr".
lessors and teachers. A regular system cfsuhordinauon may 1
in this way be established ; each class w.iuld have its owa
characters muntain, and the Esprit cfe Car/is of the classes '
w .uid influence all their actions Similar arra. g, ments, npiay,. 1
in part, be made in the several academics, a id the Sixe good
effect expected from them.
roe amusements of youth may also he made auxiliary to
the exactness of discipline. The late Presid. nt of the Uni
ted States, Mr. Jefferson, has recommended upon this pari of I
the subject, that through the whole course of instiucti n at a •'
eollfge or university, at the hours of recreaiion on err aiti
days, all the students should he taught the manual exeicisCj 1
miiitarv evoluti.ms and mj; csivres, should he under a stand-
IclassshuUid be taught, 1st. Tne. philosophy of the Human ing organization as a military corps, and wuh proper officera