rrrr
dt AUTiionrrrr
V
, .": Ae
l .
9 UF THK VNTJ AU eTAlES.
Lett at Mf lintStim t at Ymmty-rtrm
1st aarflvaritaaf. a wiitot at aa afLIi.
baa! Brtiw4er U sacra, fw ts. Tervry a
lieaita. . - ' -
aattttd t and ffMM
, atna tU tmJ uv t.f ttrrtea ra
iMr That the Prcatdcat o tbw
States y t4 DUiiiliiN aad toaiont
4 Senate Ha, Krt he to Wear, aetborhva la
(km a Brigadier General tor tk Serene 8ri-
al MM Areuaaa MUMtt. - , ,
A 8TEVENSO. .
.Speaker pf tit Houae g Renrvaeatalivaa.
fie-Pre lid rot of ib United Statu, a
v " ' rresKtent or the Senate,
prored, April 15th, l3o
; a.uit(,w ;.CKSOy.
Act Mthorainr the ceratarytheTrwata.
I to refund turn of money, aow ia Ike Trca-
lry, to litarlel Henry Hall,
pat tnacted if the Sennit and Btnu if Re
inuativ tflke United Slate if America in
jrm nnrmbitd, That tho Seeretary of the
fcaarv i hereby authorised to reload to
lrlea Hear; Hall the wm of two aboasead
hundred aad seventy throe dollars, Wing
hett proceed i, alter paying the duties, of roar
Ined aad twenty-two casks f wine, Imported
jw Orleans in the brig Sarah, be Hatard
Vi)iamt, aad improperly aoodornned for
Vtd breach ofthe revenue lava: Prtvided,
jaad flail (halt produce aatiafaetorjr ert-
It tho ttut the aaid winei lo iaat
Um, and that he ii the neraon e titled tn
ft mmU put ofthe proeoedi aa aov ramaio
Treaaurt. .
fciroToil, April it, 1130 r " .
fur the relief ol the tiercant3a Inniranee
HnmiiH t O-l u.
W )Kkd M Smote and HotuffRt
itativet tf tht United Stale tf America in
net atumhUd, TUt the 9eeretimr of the
fcurr be.andhe 1a herebr, authorized and
fred to re-imr to the PreaideiU and UirA.
Iif the Meraantile laaoranee Compan, ia Sa-
unwHtuaeiTa, out ot any, nionry ia the
niry, not otherwiat appropriated, the auna
ttanflrart and (hirty ilollai i and nioety-two
heiiitr the attioant oaid to the Collector of
paatoma for the Diatrlet of Belfaat, ia Hie
oi .Maine, iur outiea on tails, rigging, and
naierana, aaTea irotn tue American Hrlg
, whtnk vat wrecked at Martinique, ia the
tie thousand eight hundred and twentyae
and which materials were aubaequently
;hf back, and landed In aaid District. Pin
to aball be latMlactortly luown to the 8e
' of the Treaaurr. that the articlea nnoo
aid "jt bai been jiaid, were a part Of the
iui mw uria; liquid ' i
tea, Apra .
I"!"1 1 1 ." .' '. )
(row the United Stale Telegraph. ,
EFfERSON'3 BIRTH DAT.
r enabled, to day, to lay before our
n i-account ofthe Celebration of the
nWTIe renerable Datriot. the Hotk
Roane, of Weinia. officiated as Pre
of tb Hav, assisted bv the Hon. Gea
pt of Jfjr ; Hon.. Lei Woodbury, of
Hampahire. Hmu Peli'. Grundv, of
nee, Hoof C C. Cambrelenp, of New
H in Wm, V.. Gordon, of Va.. and
tiu.. tir yrcmg, oi Louisiana, as vice
l"?s- "Tlwi.toaaie and sneechee are
it vi me uisiinpmgnea inaiviailais wno
present, and of the oocaslon, which
ire designed to commemorate , K, ',
r'jo.m , lefTerjom AVe celebrate the
-rary of hit birth, not lo the spirit of
iul idolatry, but from reetrd and re
lae for hi political principles
line Declaration of Independence; An
YnS njoment of that derotion to libertyj
pdorrence of tyraimy. u hich stamp the
later, and mark the whole course of Uif
f 1' author. . .
'Thdtru. Jeueraoni Au'Uor of the
"atiort f American Indepevdcncet of
atate of Virptnia, estabiishintr reliriout
n, td Paher of th Ontvortitv of
rMemtranihim f -Wr Jffferiou.
in a di-awrr containing hi vnM J
rUeKcntitckv resolutions of '93: drawn
f ume hand which .drew the Declara
f Independency a practical illustration
tiicranaian republican, pnnctples, nd a
N definition of the relatWe powers of
te and Federal OoreramenU. '
BiHb saidc The notice which had keen
of CeHttirtvvrtii1(l tivt full tn vcite
rtiinin of lit-r 'reoresentativea here
V- In compliance with what he wat
ied w expected of. him, a therepre-
of the 8tte, he would take brief
" ot the principlf alluded to. . s They
tftneiplea near to hit heartt h had em
' ,'lietiiin Ida youtht he had cberitbe i
the meridian of his davar and, in the
"ill of life." fe afill arlnraif them with a
liich he hoped he should carr lo fhe
jf .jJt Wat hit Vood fortune'to have been
'tui-ht the pnncipiet of ihe Immortal
r of 4hv Declaration of Independence
s 'me was known in both hethisphereaj
- literary attainments had attracted the
atiot i of the are ut .which he lived;
ph.Iantbropy embraced , the human
said
rrlr.rv.v' war.
w awn retaatti
kCrM4laralL
ttadL a
- p aa ntaasat vaa raocrk.' A
tUN wavlaetj firrw sUleel aa -V. "4 ,t.tA
At toot) m tKe " wliiet took cWiot, of -nkI:. . iJUlrir "I Ca. M
VWtfa-enrar. , 'lfc T;i9-
ateotocky
iU th.Bri.i-k lion, Kewckr. tr Jl JST.hX'
W, parent V-ii .11 T " ',M P"
State, ki a tnldBLaTwaa Vfl u. j t w'rp,on emlt.ont of the
taJpirr kn7.ofT. .Tjrr.V tl'? U" fitti- .hick
wcr u aaoac mint; enxuaattAcet, with
an undaunted enint, and a gallantry which
beeasxe thoae who reaoWed to be free, tad
nat t cvaae betweea IiSm
The Krttock'ians whilst Owalliaj w ttatient
rJ-f,.1! , fort" Tn a4.tio ktf waa
lerelhM aralaat i'.iumi .n .c
ir :, r , wwa, ai
" "wo. njiM terror, of aa
...V anion, to raatrna the romera i
ftearti -wrvtinf, n-.h1L.-v5-, r speakiar, of
Pabln taea and ovWa ...... . ' " .
uckf bt) tatted
-M f-, did, aerertkeleaa, ea'rry'he wr'. Z7 JZ I
beyond their Jborder. m4 Ihunieden the i I'T.,10 -fHw.
A regiment of Kentucky toluntem, undr Irf . ,ftuc ',ric,lk-
tneirVl'Mt trader. Ot-neral tieowTRel. :- -twf. rerocmWed, th.,
ciarkrcro7bep,sr:T
''"""tui went renjemneredi
the danger of wSVuir a notioua prrcedent
o take ivot yaa properly estimated." It fed
to the good fortmo of Kentucky, then the
ounge utter of the Union, to take the
m rawog toe rouse of the Stat arainat
the noroacbmentt and uanrpatlont of the
jfjcrai government rTh reaolatiooa of
w "jo, pam4 the House of Repre
entattre with but few diaseating Totce.
wet unaoimously concurred 1 by th
Senate, and wer appro red by th Goremor
The concord wUh which they pasted doet
honor to the spirit of th timeK
Thoee retolutlotit asserted two gwat prin
eiplet, that th federal constitution it founded
m eomotet be'Weea th. at.. ,k. ....
a' deliberaTe. nalmhU. A
exercise by the federal government ot pow
er not granted by the aaid compact, the
Stttet who are parties thereto, have the right
to interpote for arresting ' the usurpation,
and ror maintaining within their retpectire
lim.tt the aathoritie. righn, and Hbertie
appertamint; to them.
The resolution were drawn by Mr. Jef
ferson, and. aa I understand.
ad transmitted to Kentucky, upon contul.
ts'. ont and " Commiiniratlnna li.i. u.
Jefferson, Mr. Madison, Mr. John Taylor, of
Caroline, Mr Spencer fioane. and other of
Tirgi.iw, ana Mir ueorg Nicholat, Mr. John
Breckenridrfe. Mr. Hubbard T,.l
other, of Kentucky; The time principle
were aatcrted by th Legtalatur -f Virginia
m 1799, and again at the ensuing session
were re-assarted anrt vimiir.tJ .
, . - . - " m
tucia report penned by Mr, Mad ton
ewhlvati. wthi, . ,i.T."i" . .""7. "
orfB nn. mraded. eentinuallr. h th 71" l "V T:" T
l enter into any explanation (1
'.i oe principle of the-retoiunont
,nd of the conspicuous part which
'; bad the good fortune to act, in
"'"g the trua principle of the Con-
beg leave to infrbduco her to
'"'e present who ba neeer en her,
nature, hastily sketched.. Her face it
7 nd very inritint The fe tilityf
."S the. luxurkiic a3 variety of her
1 tu berb. rees fruita, and
per, mineral pringti lier limped
which, rising in her mountain,
deirioui coumet through her elifta
-until they discharge their tribute!
r- aj upio-rnati attracted fowls,-fib,
na savage ww.irA form to fair, with
'ret to ,ut, eould ,ot fail to win the
" and command the devotions of the
; )t "Indian tradition says, that thit
utjfift of the Gcrat Spirit, had es
. jealouti and contentions of rari
esof the red meij, Thst they fboght
t d died, in such humeroun and
PWed battle, contending for proprt
JflX. that bet forest were filled with
"ns boneVahd hef streams were
witii blood. , Th. n;. v.t.v.
C4 7 them, - th ritcr of blood -
" Ctwftj ot OMdlf WW
ia pratret, Oreakmr the iea with thi
orettlt. with their runt untdted ami mil
on their head, bv an eat.rneiaa in hoUu..
'
oj conception, and akill tn execution, not
turpassed by th geait of HannibaL tur.
pnsed and took the British pot's of Katkat
kia aad Viocennea. Wbeo Covrmnr Ham
lloahad depotitnd hit arm iaih tnrt .iwt
marched hit unarmed aoklMn nut to
der OiemteWrs prisoner of wan h ehed
tear of anguish and mortification, t find
that, by tiratam of war, h bad been
Citeumveotd to surrender his fhrtma wWK.
out firing gun, to a force far inferior in
numbers, provided with nothing batter to
batter hit fortress than I rr nr ,nA
snd blackened to wear the semblance f
cannon.
I have aingltxl out this, because ofthe vast
consequences which flowed from it. - This
gate to th United States th advantage, in !
tettlin; th preliminaries of peace, to insist
upon their .possession ofthe vast territory
Northwest of he Ohio, as one of the fruits of
the war to be secured in the articles of peace. ;
To enumerate the various skirmishes, battle
'S expeditions, tilts and tournaments of
Wr, and the gallant inhabitants ot Kentucky,
who hav figured in them, during her infao-'
cy at the county of Kentucky, her riper
yrat the dirict,of Kentuekv.'tnd in her
raaiumy as the state of Kentuckj', would
transcend all decent limits prescribed to one
upon thit occasion Suffice it th say, that the
saro, spirit which conquered the country i
from the eavares; which tumriae.l an,l inn
Ratkaski and Vincennea.
forth and animated her regiments m the
froseq region of the North nd the bominr
mm A ..r.U O ... - 1 1 ...
nu w, me auum, mui animates ner Ken
tucky was cradled in war, nursed in war,
grew up in wat Her parent, Tirginia,' with
that spirit of justice and generosity for whirh
she is distinguished, contented that Kentucky
abould become a teparate State. She ias
been ajuiitted to the rightt, tithoiltiea,
priyilej.'es, and libertiet of a sovereign State,
aiwl placed ttr the constellation of the Uniom.
This high attribute of a sovereign State, thit
precious emblem of liberty, the hat fought
tor, conquered and deserved. "She know
its yahie, and has the genius and the spirit
to maintain it For her gunerous mother she
feels Ilia? affection of a daughter; Tor her tiatef
Stalet the feeis the (fenerou afteetion of a
sister; ' neither infected 4v- the oeriiiciout
vices of insensibility to merit on (he on
hand, nor nvy on the other: And may the
hand and brain of any Dolitiewl aiolivmist
bo withered and palaiedi who shall attempt,
to poison the . social pup wi'li discord, and
present It 10 the lips of the ' moihev" tl
daughter or the sisters, for th purpose. of
transmuting ..the generous spirit' of union,
mutual deference, concession, and affection,
into sordid spirit of avarice envy and in
sensibility.'. . . , .' f v-..
No sooner had Kentucky' obtained a, respite
from her contentions with the red men of ihe
forests, .than the had to experience a new
species of warfare; , As if this ItndC to fair
to view, had been enchanted, and doomed to
perpetual warfare, th litigations in 'the
courts of justice began. The nomrrona eon.
flictihg patents with wbkh thit country haf
oeenaningieororor. sprung up like dragon
teeth sowq upon the land, r' The dogt of ju
dicial warfare,; lawyers and therm's, with'
ejectmenta, bills in equity, and writs of
right, were let loose, of.h all, the expenae,
snd pomp, .nd tircumatsnce of forensic
litigationi the occupsnts of the soil were
hunted sad dragged from the cultivation of
their farmsto defend in the courts, the title
to their homes and their fields. But let this
pass without rfproach. Virginia Vt engaged
in the arduous stragg'e 'yOf I he Iterolution,
which required the whole force ol her'alentt.
mental and physical. To ls'ise . tbe mean of
proseeisting the. warshe, brought bet Wew
trn .lands into market, by system devised
under the most pressing snd urgent neces
sities The motive Was just, laudable; and
magrtanimituS.7 The cause was glorious, and
it ' gloriously " triumphed. Let the mother
and the daughter, look at the ur.&:r circumi
stances without recrimination, but with that
mutuul forbearance due to the circumstances
in which they hare been respectively placed,
and especially with all just allowance due lu
to noble motive. Let ut be grateful for the
greater, good; and, by mutual forbearance
and assistance, cudesvor to toft en the lesser
evil which has sprung from the support of
virtuous cause. '. , . . i,
In 1798, whilst Kentucky was smarting
under the - tonteqiiences of her struggles
against theMomshawk snd scalping knife.
and those of th Revolutionary war, to which
I have just alluded, a more alarming grievance
sprung tin under the action of the General
Government;,',, A high handed eyitem of
measures was put mta operation; direct
taset, . eiciset, and ' internal dutiet were
instituted; a large standing imy was author
ised; tn rmy of officers and tax gatherers
were swarming through tho land, to take
from the mouth, of Ubor Uie bread it had
rained, without tufficient cause of justifica
tion. , As if to atifle the voice of lite: people,
destroy the freedom of discu-jsion, tupprtst
the sentiments of the human heart, nd beget
a efnpef of - pasa ve , obedience, the acts,
commonly called the alien and sedition laws.
; were' psssed.' "The Ken taw placed it in the
power Of , the resident ot the united states
to order all alient to depart ho night fall
under suspicion of biiig suspected by him
of being dsngerous to the peace and safety
of tho United State; sad, in case of refusal
U obey such order, to- cause them to be
arrested, and sent out of the United States-
"hr It t ana I tlnsVoa
amity
reac ao imaiow tb ArnanvHi aT.II
'M inv nairroi tn aaivera M k
very
It it not mv intention
the principles of those reanhiimn. K... i
them to the arguments contained in tbe re so
lutiont of Kentucky, and in th mastry ar,,
gumenf of Mr. Madison as the head .if the
committee of the Legiatur of Virginia of
1TOQ ' a r 1 0
" . f rcmaois, oowever, upon the
origin and internal Structure of the conatitu
tion may not be impropet, V v
Th'u neW Conttitutiun of the FedWl n-
verotnenu grew out of tbe old Coittitution
.iu ariicrcsor comeaerxtion. . The- third ar.
tide of the old Conatitutiun -' rod it to
be a firm league of friendtbip be tren the
several States, their common, oelence,
the security of fheir libertiet, and ilieir mu.
tual and general welfare." The I3rh arti
cle declared, the Union ttiould be perpetual,
and provided fur amendments, if aprd 10
oy the Congress, nd afterwards raified by
the .legislatures of the States. The Con
gress. reci.inr 'hiso'ovition for num!mn
pMposed to the Sta-es, a Convention ofjlel
etatea. " for th ante nA .... ...
revising the articles of confederation and re
porting to Cw.g ess and the several legisla,
lyre, such alteration and provisions therein,
as, shall, when agreed to 111 ClouLrrtM - nt
tonftrmed by tha States, under th Federal
r - aaeqitate to the exigencies
of. governments, and the perservation of th
union.'? The delegatje were-appointed by
the Sta'es aeCordinglvA-they- met in Con.
ve-.tion; revised the old Constitution;: reUort-.
ed their revisal to Congrest. who reported it
for confirmation to the several Ltgialatures ,
of the. States; whd Authorized the Conven
lions in the several States; who ratified it,
and the" ratifications were again reported to
the Congress, Upoiv receiving the raufica
tions ot nine , States, tli Congress, reciting
the wholp process by' which the new Conati
tution;' bad bsert proposed, framed, snd rati
fied,' made provision for putting the new
Constitution Infri operation.- Th Conslitu
tion itself dedartj. in the 7th article, that it
shall be established Afwe th States to
rallying th sme,?"Th Senators cannot
be. elected but by the Legislatures ofthe
State; the electors of President and Vice
President in each State must be aDftflinted
."jn 1 such manner the . Legitlatur thereof
imu oireci;-,- tney icatiuot jbe- appointed- it
the Legislatures will not direqt- .Thus it is
PW tV,ma4 Vxof States, by persisting
in at reluHulio elect Senator-, nd direct the
appointment ht electors lof PreaiHem. mA
Vice President, can put an . end to thit Got
vernmenl. . : ' -f .s(-- v.... , ..; . -, t , - . . '
Tbe observance ofthe compact between
the States to. elect Senators, and provide the
manner of choosing elector,' is Jhe Security
for the Continuance of this Government.
Of truth this new eonttitution grew out
of the old cns4tUtionl it Vas conceived in
compact;, born in ompactt cradled in torn
pacti its foundation is in compact; it first
voice and. action depended upon the oSserv
ancd of the compact hy the States who are
the parties to the compact; its future fife snd
actiois depends upon the faith of the States
in observing their eompaet to supply the ali
ment. The Stoles te the parents. They
are the. natural and . feDDOinted euardiana.
The Federal Government is, from its very
texture, and of constitutional necessity, the
offspring of the States, and' dependent on
them for its health, its regular action, its re.
ry existence. When it eeaseit to be so, if it
ha life and action at all, it will have changed
its form,' its nature, its aliment, and, like
parricide and a cannibal, it will have murder.
ed and devoured K parents. Against all
spproacnet towarat tuci a norrtd catastro
phe, 1 trust the States wi 1 lone interoos the
authority of their voice, and the energy of
their faculties, even unto the latest, last, dy
ing conclusive throb. ?
L In such vast eatent of territory at that em
braced by the United States, with such van.
ety snd difference of climate, soil, produo
tions, pursuits, habits and interests, it it itn
possible to combine snd manage all Interests
in one general system of legislation, and yet
prrsCTve tho liberties aid welfare, of ail
Hc ta
--. .-.wm!,,,, raol(taas aaarst, wkawettao
TT,,,. . VT I T vpvwfmai powrrs. t M a sea and k
" tf oy te la let tl FdvJ
wissaaaaav aja wmt'.y aricetod by ta
taeu irird tatnrtj aad patrista,
Jtd by etiarrietM. Th great cowvn
Peace, awd rmt levying
-7 " s""""g coaanro, Wita ia
fwspowaent cseeanive and judicial aathor
war, were ffeetoarly voted ht tb rWaral
t0fm"t- AUiWe pwrs aot oV ratL
re reserved to th Stauc .1a" ft der,
"7m uiwmii ta a pir "
d at BMtaal dWeree aad mw.
TW StatM clesid a pwrtio of oei
pwrra aat atnhoritle,k the bet or t aecerr
th re lu. S tho MMiindA. 1. 1 - 1
ktth. anaaumoo order of the Corew wv.
M a lertar apneadad th. Mnu'dMi1 .
Wl'-i , Jrnl tnro. tbprti
w wtmvrauoia. - - . n
r . w
witTrrS - So it u a,iilJu.l --.i
wm mayiw,, VT nif mate . . ,
T, ,iar,,' f 9tsetar areamJas r
akritiea an, th eleet maiiv -1
Hftaoerao hotb Houte of Coarrwaa, .
(Tata Vauij'.i. k a . w . .
iTeruauiu IIlaTw 9s!aar IWaJ IBka .w.v.
r.K- "K "n
. m ..'e-rnnarrw. and rmm .!. w.
ooarte of opp revive meatun s, by lUm re
lar coarse at periodical eh-eooni. .They are
reured ataintt the frnnraiittinn mf tkaia, 1..1
and particvLr ia4ercata R.x il. .
of State hav aUo their loeal and particular
tret. Thee require. I security under
this new- Constitution. This .a,.
minority of States; against hc oppresioa of
' , r"lc,J'r niereti tot the beaeit of
majority, was intended to be effected, 1st.
BJ 'h judicious tele etio of delegated
powers as. in their exercuw, were Ukely to
advance tbe general welfare f all, .if dis
creetly used; bat if abused, the abut would
be generally felt, and therefor subject t be
corrected, by the regular action ofthe ro
vernment. ,2dly..By regulation erea of
toe delegated power, to prevent local and
Prt,,c"ur !,yur3' "ch that no tax or duty
ahall be laid mi articles exported from ant
State no preference shall be giren by any
regulation of commerce or revenue, to the
ports of on State ever those of another, to
c. Sdly. By providing against the addition
ot new powers, at the will of a awjority, but
requiring the conourrenca of three -fourth
of 'be States. . . r ,.,TT?
v But if new powers may be assumed, by
forced eonstructions and aaurnationa, and
the will of the Government, acting by
majority of t parts, can stand in plaCe of
amendmenu ratified by three-fourths ofthe
State, IT the will and cottatrudiot) to made
can stand for constitution) Jw, then the
mode , of amendment which, requires .ihe
concurrence of thre fourths of the States
it evaded a new mle of amendment . is
introduced the will of a majority of Con
gtvsti with the assent ofthe President, or
f'wo thirdt without hit aaaent,) with Mhe
aasepr'of a majority of tbe Supreme Court,
can make the Conetitution what they please.
But a majority ofthe States can elect whom
thev 'please as President, and make the
n,j"''tJtvf the Supreme Court at they
please. Tb constitutional security of the
minority of States, against-amendments, tin
lest by he concurrence of three fourths of
the -ta es, will be gone.- -.-.,.
The . greatest dger to the liberties
prosperity, and tranquillity of thit Union, i
to be Apprehended from the at umption of
new powers to the Frderal Government,
' Ontrary to. the course of amend. ittnt pre
scnbedi whereby tha particular interetit of
a majority of the States uiiy be subserved,
at the rxpemie of the particular tiilt rett- of
minority of the State. Secondly, from
leaving out o)- view t,e grtat end and design
of the Cm stiiutiyn, which was to protect the
rights,' and advance the interctti and pros. ;
penty of all the States, lubatiiuting -fa-re '
for, a course .of leeislation to advann u..
a co'
eiegated powers sccor
aWtl Npan tw Bran ' - '
at lasOuta. . tfW.la..nid at .a . j .
--- oaoro mrjy Ofcaa anv
mmm. - a
w.stf,5aS?ar
1 waiu. ta ia aana ml all n .
rT" aa aaiara. m w i i'IhI it m . . .
Oar a t .a- . ' . . T'"Tm r u svnry,
particular interests '"of part only, by
lurable ute of the deleirated ttoWf r .
dp to the letter, but contrary to the spirit
and intent ofthe gTinv . k4, ' ' . v ,
..Whilst that spirit of amity, nd mutual de ;
ttvonce and concession in whirK ihn -....I .
tutieu 1 was framed Snd adopted, ahall he ob
served s..d cultifcitd, the great purpose and
design ofthe constitution Vill be accomplish -ed,
the general Welfare will be advanced, the
riawinal defence will hetrttgthened,; the
Union will be consolidated the exercise of
doubtful powers, and a wan on disrespect of
the opinions and statements nT th
tatives of particular States, a want or muttfal
oeierenceana concession in thet exercise of
delegated powers, wberby mestures parti,
cularly disagreeable and injorioua to a pari
sre unnecessarily imposed, yien oilier met. -sure
less obnoxious would .answer the exi
nn'iaa U ".
b..V"- wverpmentv cannot fail t
produce distrust, discord snd waknett. The
discreet exercise of powers, clearly deh-ga' '
ted, cannot fail to promote concord, tran ;
quillity,, union, td strength. Tbe powers
delegated are sufficient. for, tt the rxigen :
cie ofthe Federal GorerproentV They are
of tuch character, so judiciously and guard
edly selected,' that a discreet, use of them,
cannot fail to promote the trehcral pros ri
ty, and ttrengMen the national df fence' ' -Vie
wing the Federal and Sate Govern '
ment In- tlieir retDcclive nrorx.rioi,.
diriuons of powers, moving harmoniously in
.their tetpectiye orbits, the plan t in nrt
uramuiu, ana wen oraerctr. 's The theory tfi
the Government, when surveyed; jn all. its
partaj division, connexions, anil proportion,
i. the grandest and most sublime rfforf-df
the human gttnious on the subject of bum in
gjovcrment. - It cpmbuiet the greatest prac
lical security fur protecting the riglrt of
industry snd personal liberty .at hrlltiK. m ilh
the' inoat energetic, powerful defehce against
oreiga foice, V :x -. ' :p)
-, in aiuar government vas lle-em,ir it nlnr.:
Jjed aeetti ity lor particular MitcVettt and pet tonal
liberty it weakened. Th"bl powe of (he
government it esneentrated at the capital ' The
foreign forte which wnqiiei t the aaphal, oonqirera
tbe government, int.' prtteribet the U-rras of the
conqueror. ; Hut ia our fWk-inli pi ineiplo, the
enlargement oT the territory" $o? aot eudanger
particular loud interest!, nun weaken the teeuri.
trior liberty 1 ihe domeuio eiineernt sre roanar.
ed and proteeted by the State governments :
1 be multiplication ot Statot addt So th general
strength and general dclcnce against foreign
lorse; the general intweau are managed nl pro.
teettd by th Genera) Government. Let fo
reign fore posses and bam the Capitol ht
hassecoroplithed no ennqnest: Th Congreu will ,
rebuild with wereaacd tplendor. Shnold Die
Preaident and both Houses ef Congrett be ear-!
ried into captivity, they have no poner to destroy
the Consthittioat the Government it not eon. '
auertd. Tb Stalet are ready to eleet srTnther
Congrett and auother President - Is war, there'
w a power in every State, to- act fa ceneert with
tbe beaeralevernment, to givt aid, activity,
and eaetej the tneant of defence,. . -j - ,
Wliilst w eheriah that tpirit of amity, mutual
deference, and oaoetaion, in endeavoring to
nroasote the tomraoa interettt and general wel
'ar eftllthtStatet m which the Cooatitutioe
was msdei we bare nothing to fear for ar liber-
M
"""" -tp.inMiaor-Tl tsbarastwiaoanred raoatt. aW the tatkor af tho art -mitt -" '
twaemw; 4b lnrwh aad aatroat af hw r.a, ,U ta asdvrt of dw Hrr c h. ,
aae laVtMday Um vetariet of tyraaay. It ia fc. 1 FaUaar t ioiat aador laeaaetier ot or N
r'l 'ttdlhW.M.a.firM U.. ra-M.l4
r w-.mm ,r id larrvkt in.Y tl .
rrtiev,lr ia- traaa hick Tim er lrdi evr Lh,l,1
. aa dm aat- Oft a acunianioa.- rrat tnt
' ta irvei m aoaaaitmg
tttvttt, bv- tmaaret partwalarrv
aa JnianaHata mLm I A . A.: u . . - mr-rm.
tpirit -al eTZl ZT " . Ik-V " .7? -.nr .TT h.g J.
deviaio, aawrrt hahla to aa few ot.jeiioet.a. brief paaoat whira, lUi .'.w
7 , awas uaeiy I ttvav the
ravM n all i ttm
a artet paauoat which reed (km the ,lm r.
temporary dradN ahall leave to the S.tr , which
ainiula
a4 nodaeat, wili ttoeb aa the value
ed lead at te auhtnta e
aiauty.mntual iMrreae. aad tontaaaioa which
n peairtMriiy t ear polkieot tilnatkia rrmirra
ladttpaaaabl tn ' tha RMnl wmitmrm, mmA A
tbiaauion atay b nrrpohurt, to tlx lo. mf
y aetrt, at oesht to b fit oraverof -
-u Amrrtcaa - .:..
.Ity-Mn. BibW Federal CNiataetWai
Tbeahrterflims hHwrea State tad fedevtj
aowta,,. IS at remember that Ihe heat toMi
tutioat wRl ihrenerate mtn tvraanV if there be
at aeewer I watoh. tapport, sb4 depart Utem
sgatnat asarpatioa. , , . T
s. The' Virginia reaolatWt,' and Mtdisne
repert ;of tb year ?t-Te books la thejef
fcrsoi iea or boot: abea they erase lo be read
and a haired, th (Ujitt Liberty will b tasa.
Mr. P. P, Hat W rot td taid : ?
Mr. Preaident: The, aM,t!mi.kL,k k.. i.J
beta proposed, it of eharsaier talcalated to
clia strong Satutioot ia tb bosortt uf those ur
tent, who are tnetnbert f the Vb-smi tklen.
twn., M eamet with M a tribute of rrtneet te
inoae great priDtiilea, WMrh bavr aoirornily .
raetertced her polita-al eouraet. i ; . , s, $
-IJbwRb, Sir, altnther 'ntMed'io ddrettet
of this kind, 1 aiay b indulged for momeat, la
mtkins; a few reaiarkt, whiuh th eccatiod tee mi
toiuatify,jt nottarieeuW. - ; i. . V ; j, ,
llHboour iab,aal doubt4 not It St, taad.
minuter thit Gaveramnt a-hW a. un
bencnoial ajid happy retuluwh it it eapable
proou.ing, mow ae te a, hi that 1 know
ao meant o erTeatual for the attainment -ot that
objeot, t an a it he rente to th prioiplea sontained
io the reaolatlont which have just rvveivml our
decided approbation prineipk-a whMi,' of late,
hav been tauntingly .ulled - th Virini 4Vn
rn'netf but which, no BuUtLr (rota what qnartrr
they may bave been advanced, ai tli doetrliiet
of tho Coueitntiua... . t .'
. i ne turn oi uiept it thiai To mantam ut po.
Rllcal tialance, i the precise equilibrium to
which it wai mUuited hy Ihote who mailt it; it,
leave with th Federal Government the tinwtr
whiuh are armtert to Mi to claim far tho Siai.c
and the people of the State , the rrmaindtl1 li
firing thrt tine ol demtreattoir -to follow thst
rest of all giiidci, tha text of the Constltaiini,.
tnd not the bewildering- maze of th iloabttul
hd erroneont oramTitrie whiah ar rnah
anon it! we should thui avoid exeiwmlnv l.rr tn
thole powert which sre Attempted to b t'eriv.
iromsa endltttt tei a of (tnttruction and
hweaaei w should thus, and le, mv juiemrn,
thus only, glv unto Cutmy the thhigs which
nVe.'eVne to tnrta' itriaeiptavaS v'ai'aan
ttituOonal fanttsieti rnt at matter pffet-ling or tt
prejud ice; bur as tbe result of the mow del Mm
rate tt-Heclion; bstaoie we verilv hetu.rn ilwm
to be undeniably trot, and heeaua we think that
pru- political liberty, dqwndt npa lb.ar obaer-,
It k ai S flair. SiK heaciira Jtw-as 'hrliJ4nU.a L.
bald relief, under which mv native Slate ledth
vu ia the great haul. wbiJb urodutvd - the civil
revolution, at tbe opening of the prrtont eentnry i
it wit the eae, aurfer which she rallied th de
meet-aey .of the country. They followed her
lead, and tha led them to glorious and triua
phant, victory vfctory wboso trophies eontii
led. aot, in Hit spoilt of a eonqUered enemy, bnt
tq Uiere-eitablialiraeDt of their violated Contti
tutloni Vet, Sir, the time Wt, when, what are
now. mth language of derision, called Fireima
eWriie, vbere,noiher snd J more hnhoid
name ( -when the Were called -uAntm-lrwm
Hue, and were: revered at snvht wlimv not only
tli wbol democracy of thVUnfeti reeogoiaiMt
inero at ortriounx in theory, but they were trinm
pnaony. earrie't mto prnojicc, under tbeauMiicea
of that distinsulthed ann of Vinrmla. iL
tnry of whose birth we have thit day.ttietto sc.
Icbrate,,, ,. -
l j- !" w urai ipe Kormy"
air, wiicn i -aare aaiu iiuvl have not filled bit
ust muaaursol prite.;T shall do nomore thtn
U&t'.cottl kia nirnn .K.... I m I
trcflariingofphilotonht.theanostleoftrnth.kBit
thefaTOritc votary of liWty..' y'X ;
t U, Sir, is ntuher tha time nor tli blues lo
mquwe how-.H. hapiwiied. llwt.pi-inciplet
hitb, Sfcw earttgo, M ,ourtd otin, patted
curi-enf thi-oueitout the Ifn Krntsaf riuva tan
fur lost their crrdH, aa to be eonfined in their ,elrd
ui, ii, ,o a narrow .romiaa 4, may,
.aiverr be allowed v ; any,, 'that tl.e change
whijli hatoccuiwl it milM the . biti in ait jajue
orthit politic) coin, but in the mistaken ttimte
whtohtif lit, bat b.-e tet .apoti ,it f . No. Sir,
let thca tafcei tuhjecf Jtto, what probes they
please, thev w ill fiu'l that it hat no more of fioy
new, than ft had h timet An and.tW tiw, at
then; it it errtitlwl to filHlm;hanne fit Wculf
Utmrhethef we regard the pot hy of the gold
which ireoiiUtini," or fhe jnitit at which it wat
eoraedi;- 'lKi'l.'g". .
V- Sin, no political event would j-ive the io' mnch
i.leature; at tb te tliete eoorriiies vettoretl to
the; f-i-iginal weihl and gcntsinl mrrcnoy; to tot
h-ra heiMH.-f-.ith b r oM the Imprest of Ilrr
tiia only, bnt that of United Jlmericiip-rii short,
to tee the banner of ther Constitution diilyef1
by thoaeahn are m command here. In every tie.
partment of the Government, witl; the tame, in
seription labelled on it,' at ffn : seen on the.
trovt which spncai-ed to Cpnstiintii hot tign
''.v'-' . . . :
' Sir, w fiat give to the ; sentiment' wl.icli iii
jn been 'prniiDsed,',tt:it value iumy eiluition,
'ithiit hail It an atiiwioas onun; that hotc
at leaat, es t, this desired good, may be indul
rd, fcreo thouglt in event expectation niny be
disappointed, . ; ' i;. , , ' f 'f ' fc '
. ' 8. LiiuM,The;rrmory of hii who 'ocqui
redjt, first honored,Ty an annivcrmiy comnem
morwtiob hmler.th Presidency s'of him who lf
fended i'-i'J- 'v.- M
f Long eontmueil vheermg And brlllmnt fr tSsic
R-omthe marine hand, followed thr delivery oi
this toast; and after the applause and aeshmuW
tionsaadtubtidud.a pause and silence' ensued
which mdieated the expectation of S spoaker. A
feeling of disappointment had began-; to prevail,
when Mrv Benton 'rose, and ieponded to the
taast, in rleaddiit,.lv,v;,i;',,;-.;1).;,..
"Mr. PretkWnt, and gentlemen of theeompany:
Th tentlnietrt which lint just been delivi red,
tndrc-eivrd with so much applause, anil tol
lowed by a ptue so emphatic, enllt for an ac
kaowledgmeat from, the fl'ewry front that wr
ther West which lies beyond the Mississippi, and
utretchet ht vast expanse towards the short of the
Patifleand the shade! of the Setting tun," It
calltfor atoaof Louiian, a native bora ton
of that former province ofthe Ftench snd pa
nitb monarchies, whose personal history, in Via
transit trum the- despot iara of a province ti tli
llberty oteeontiDent, whopoUticJaietamr
v.-
owa-rti, aae tae atMar whkb defended Laeia-
waivertai applsaaa, ea! vwrtoatiag ho.
mage, a Sua tb gratitude f all aatmat Uu
opoa the events which II i and aerpttuat lrw
hannasat deMiairt. Itut lat m!, --r ..;.
trateral them of thanks tml grMitnds, to a poidt ' '
ha the total wall rlil.i a. ........ L. -.
and txtkr iHjradmlration,4o that twnlar tact -and
remarkable M-mcideaaa whbb it rocnitea! '
Llh.' bim wbe a. - tmred, tov he
?rrii ?T PblMi w nimrmo- lion, timter the
ntawirtiry of bin who defended Lonitiawa. v.
am a belwvek mnrh lets a protf-tsor ia tho o. J'
.olttttooeea, but I have faith la th toneaien.
Waof homogeoeodt event, aad aa the order of .'.
Jewsaio kelweea aauae at4 effect I believb, '.'
thai evet.tt have their eaktes; and wheel set "
truoc happening at owe time-whicb totild at well . !
BavetMppeaedattitMher tune, and at various ;
ether tinwt. and yet did et happen. I mm prone "
te believe that there was Sanaa for each o.
tintcoey, for the mlsama at wall .at for the ee
terreneei aad that It belong to the power of?
reaao to ditaover that cause. Thit ia the eat . '
nif mh,Qi wraow oelrbrS-
nor. : Tbll festival mirhr K.v. k. ..- -., ' '
bttore. and often, and wat not. . Thepproprite
oeeatioaforlt bat often oeenmMt. 1 r.. I., n.- i:
whole period af Mr. Jeftrrtoai liferbeeate hit' ?i '
f "-meiplvt ,d hit delieaey, retrrattd , nm at. ? '
' .d
' t.
. ,
'', '
-
oonor ai una aitwi u . i:.. , , . . .
fhit birth day to be Upt a trr.. J 4ake ifie
periort that htt elapsed since hit death, . lie died - ' , 4
m nnn inres tint, - since that period. ( . i
i . '""Wyear oroiignt roand tbe .anni.-,
Veraary of hit bHh.-three timealaa tluf JV ? ;
tua then epoa th day ot hit attivity-and no '
token of remembrance; ae tign ofgratefhl retol '
Itetion. hit marked Oat m. llnheeded and C v'
aiMoUeed, andiatmgoithed, and vnknowa from -V ' v '
5 "WBUtondaya.tt hat been permUtad :
tHMlii lint, n .1. ,1 . L . . . . ., ...
Ti.T - u' revMiutmn ofi'iv ,r
time, at a k bad aevcrprodoaed aJiy thine to fix,
ina atteniMn. to command the gratitude, and to ' ..
tall for iIm thank of the- gerteratlont of maa.. ' W
Now. In iha t.t ir . ,. .. . V. .
u V -- v.... wvim ra ciiavivea. , '
Itsw, for th first, time, tha sratefol kn.i. . V
shWi all aationv ht all ages, have paid to ttoV . Av : ' i
benvfitetora. la acwa t h. ...i.i. k. . -u'
th. AraerbiT.;"-.T IiTl f.J" J . I.
Owe fcreafett benerWtor. ; Now, forthe first timei4 -u . 1 ; -arter
th lapto-of three potthumnat armivers-' ' '
riet, ompany hat assembled to honor the birth" v
day of JeuitrtoiL . Aut k,i I u - A '
rich in renown now hbrhia th tontultne of 4 ' 'i
PfTTttM. Mf tftar tn theeauae ( hbtyl,V Vx "
,mv.. wunn , cannui inuciu Wliico 1 f ;
v......,,. w vunr ajieaaert ano to outer aurlitort,
to Kumar tad iq Para I to what thouiand
tongue" jndj trumbtt'f I leave It to V
proclaim, to America and to Europe, the tharaii
'er of tha enmnan ail.ik. 47t . .
aa a itlvia H.lv.1 i, u-.r i . .
fersoiv, ,v I ntara to my own train ol reflections,
1)11. .nl.t.lu. ,1.1. l.l. .! .. . ' .
. -...... ,o -icnruion irom . tne eaapter 3
olaejndentt, ahd givt it place m tb hisiory of
regular events, My reason forbid ro to elai '
4 with the light aontingenelet which eometoge. r
. . v.un, ihir go, on without eons ,-.v -
q'tencet.' ilt instruets me to Iar4k for a eaote. '-
ni u-iit mo njtto be found in tb book of otoy 7
es i BK-n nrougin into power the men whose faev C '
tomt ar filled with the sentiment which th tirtt ? V
toaat annnunnei.0.4i.mm.. a. .l. ' .
ptttmmi tf Thtma JeffertonT-An this point of 5 ' " v
View 1 -eontemhlata ih. a . . " ,
.... v -v.muuchw w (lIBf, CW . , - ' .'..
aoaai retognnet,ami wbirh I have thought wor t f '
hV t hi llie-altniina nt tUm -n T. j .- i. ' ,i -
regnrthn tt.I Jgok upon thit eek oration at a to.' :f
lema recui'ienee to fundamental principles, and a
deolaretion of sdheaion to .the republican- dotf 4 .
It-li.oa nf lit mmmiI. .....il. .r , .... . a. m ,r
... ... ..... . . ... TTiiti.ii. ... nvm.nn.n- ijivmv t. s .
, t-LI. ., 1 ..7 . -"J . -TV . V 'fv
. , - - y.. wi.r. vuueilien, It.'tlie V '- i.'
ArU eelebrauon pretentt ittelf toiriy.Wt.MiVA'
thttt regarding ittti Inquirie rush upon- my
mind! Have 1 seen tha iuinfikM. .-ik.:-A " it '- i
Ii ., .f 77 "'- v a tne- man yet bora that . g
aiiajMive io see tne jsrstf Is tha seat of the Fed. -,- - . -
1 .
V
a .
9.T
he Stales, of which he wat the greatest fi-iead, '( -., i
breo honor, for that friend -And answering -
aH Stiff Ttrti aai.....l...... 1 I t
4 ...... '
f -i
. .. . 7 aotwen aot :y g answer
that ttut to the heainniii Snlr. h. trt 1. . '
and rmiltmierion f eelebraliona, which, ihe
nrmiiauu aiiBiirera. oi Jetrersnii 111 ..fc.-I.K . jf
rr ivu.ujfiu.ine qoauie euject or sbewtnw ,
honor to him tml preaervinw hit tirmtu.W tn. zX "
..'5T.c-rtv ' wyhop. and to crowd ft y i
With a ilUtlott. 1 bMr laava in -ffiu. .1... .
ptmyt in concluding tbesa brief remtikt a tentiV "
treetightsi te 4ait wistu - V- .t," i '
f Leave eat granted by auelnmttlom : "llr, h C
then gav the IbllOelng toast, wbiehv,wat drank
aiihereiit itpplansel -.m-i..lr,, . 34;'-5
Th BfBTfl DirorTnai.WM,.... i
it .oiT-rfO)-, efcnoifon-itxTta UwUgh nU i4 fx
ia i.. " "f, v"J",S" i Qtracrt at uut.M,.:-'.:
i?..Pc?;0'm,,,e, 1'Weftdshirt
enhjall nntlont;enttnBtmt; all isnees with oone.-
i Th tapport -at the State; Government
In all their nghts, St tbe, jnott competent aoVtV L
miniatrationtior onr' tlomestio eonotras, rThi '
-a":W"- ',, . --t',
v.V.Th. preservation, -of Hhe General Go," i ;'-.
yenimentia it whole conatitatirnal vigor, tt tlie "
theet anchor ol our' peace at horn and aafetv
hnmi.,jfTheSame.J . ,- y-y. , '
10, " A jea'out rare ol the right ''of eieeti'oti v
by theplej a mild and sato corrective of'- . :"
those tbuiet which ar lopped hy tho tword ef ; "T'
revolution hv countries where peaceable mm .
T
'tfi
dies are Oftnrovtded.rt fSanw. wg
. ii. "txjonomy in the pobht expeaie, l!iat
labor mav be lightly btirdrned." :fSam.j .
VIS, A wise and trngsl Goveromeot, vhiih
ahall restrain men from- ir.iurimr one anoihet.
from.,itv)urig
n-r ie free to i
shall Jeave them otherwise fi-ee lo regulate their
ywn pursuits or inonstry ann improvement, and
shall not lakefivim the mouth ol, labor the bread'
it had earned: tWn js the sum of good guvt;in-
ment." ifSnm. J ' ' F " - i
.. .w. .,;uvi,hu, t ui . .tff.-ui..raunian laiiti, . :., -wherever
found in the North, South, Kwtt, or-.'"- C
Westall brethren of the tame principle; unity
of action (a tlie great.cause af jrond government r ' i '
their parainouht obligation of duty and intercut' t '
Mr. Wooilbury rose and ohwrved, that tho -r X e,"-'i
kind njluaioss in the, last toast to the F.ast, snd . ' e''
the wishes ofthe President of -lb Day, and A- :
other gentlemen near, bad emboldfmed him tt; . 1
vi-ci.v icwpijiuiq on me inuuiL'i nce ot -.n . -tomiiany.
. . x .. , ' ., -. rJ'i
.The tentiment espretsfd in tli tomt Tu' favor "."'"'". i . .-V
of unity of sttioa in the Rrca. cause . of 'good
government among Sepuhiicans of the letter-), ''.' '
onitn saith, wherever found, met with htaV-'A '
moat hetrtv annrobttioa Hi-treumad -ilur' '
it would also meet with the epprobatloa -of tJ
A. . r . '
A -t
i-.-.v-:-v
.f -.lv-r y i ;;: ;
XT..
'"wK-''