4
f f
wuXi.l':, V lU.dOA
1
,cVr I
:;.riii::8TAnt
LAWRENCE ft LKMAT.
tUe eWW TV Cnw, Wowsrtr, Km ka
J iUL !
V the Vara a rti i sr fc - . . r ' " ' . "
POwer Ova Ike sa.Lti-L. n!kiuMl il - . I -... , n m iuni lssMf s.aa tiro.
X c-:np-d by Ux I reared t kras-J KAkf
TU t.U"7 serosa aobWb it M avW-vooJ h a Serrtd
etpwsrev mmU b enrwdeJ funW than r tbo hwV of U UHe4 Stairs, f
K" voire. Toe d-atre of rk bWra-W BTU'nm to tbo Sr.
pect iae. rwl I u.1 a tsvled with
ample estkorvty to bar friJWtl out Ue sn.Ua.
oa Ibe intruders had grossly VvefcMed tbe
sttoi.v or trevuMd eooe, tha a.
faM-.aAif,lirro11afara kiOwlsUed rights Wlbe State ta tt powsrS-.-
wao-w wll be tvM ahl M k-a It . a on. .ef B aropneuoo a axwn bad been
fiaa4,4...JoBa.l,,i,b. ,
l -. . mJ a L. W ,(d.tfa. kkUa Ski I Ma j a . - "
xtra. eraw for aafc M-n. "1 object. Prrh1? b. bH, mterr
: . 'f . Mut bsa ea'.lc4 Urdhef. ai mo aa k
' ' " ' ' ! 1areJ tkat tlta Cwctfture aet tu
J
ch uffol U in Jefiince of tb otboriljr of
Sii4l ii toHiry m ine fnoi.c proper
ui Ibe ti jlt oj Um tiMltana b riada il
emmrj tUt you iiiould ' b 'aMcmblcd
etber aooner I baa lb Imi appointed by
fcr il etinf tt lh LrSLintre. , .
In lb carlpm of tlMjrear, GoQ -
attrti U frtat enantitira in the India
i& - lh act tf 1829 barinjf fiietT upoa
firtlufjune, Mli lime tca tbe lawi
tobt at.cnded oer that part oflhe
le, H persona ve?v& to,conidet Utra
tt at bberty, in tba af an lima, to appro
ite much of it oiinaral riclifl to (bem
it$ a poaaibW, th wliole eomamnitj ..
m ery-rmteb icited." Tb profin of
e fp'geJ .' tfrchi'J for (Gold, wort
rtcd tu b wr pvat. Tk lore uf pain,
tr or. if tl ktrorij-tt naaalon,' bme
nutted to eieeaa. 'All claaaei of people,
t especially U rdle andproflijate.pO'satd
ibe mineral region, vitlilhe hope of e
ifiojc rrcat weahb riUi little labor. Tins
awandkof pereonilbui eolltfctd togetber,
operated opot by iOOtivra wbicb lead to
N of the disorders of eociety, ml freed
thnee reatrainte which toe (awe impose
A the evil disposition! of men, exhibited t
le of vicioue indulgenee,- Violence' s-ul
d, vlaicJt vould nut bevo been tolerated
a aioment if the (Deans cotiKl hae been
i , to prevent it. .The Indian rijfht oi
iipaney vas wholly disregarded.! - The In
ts llterisehfet were not even perwitied to i
o'an tqusl f njoyraeut of the riches of
earth, which cireomrtances had thus
a lime made coBtmnntoalK 'tTheChe !
f ,g(Miiniment.of the importance uf
ch to the fudiana so much has been lately j
I proved utterly powerieseto p'oleCt ny
te orpunUh oy wr(ri(js, ,, The magnitude '
leeril vas such, that it became a matter
ctxuUlmVoin whethtr:; the Legislature
ild not be called together to provide for
ine proper remedy,. At. thit lime the
for the removal of the Cherokees beyond
Mississippi, was depending before Con
is. The governmet.t uf tbe United States
i, for the first time, earnestly endeavoring
sxecute the coniract of 1820. The man
proposed wst believed to be the only
ctkttloiie, consistent with humanity, Jo
Indiini, nd jturticeto Georgia. v Utifor
tely lor the country, the opposition to the
roinntrntion detenuined to (Hake the pro
id removal of tbe Indians a party question.
e facts eonneoted with the subject were
nd to be so far rempved from tbe know
;?e of the people, as to tfi'ord smple op
rtunity for the instniments, f party strit'e
mislead the public juagmeni. it was con
ercd proper no to eafl 4lie' Leps'ature
rether. until the re-mlt of thisetrordinnr
niffirle, in Concress was known. " A hope
isstto entertained, that when the bi of
e State went into opcrlk)D, our citizens
euld be lioosed to respect their authority)
id such would probably have been tbe esse,
id hot large number or tbe persons eng
tdln searvuiiig for "gold "been from other
te TiieiR reiiuai preremea ute ope
tnce of the, people of this State., Before
formation was, received of the, passage of
e Indian bill, the United States' troops had,
the enforcement of tbe non-intercourij
removed all persons, whether from this
other States, as intruders upon the Indian
nda. Altbotich the roost confident opinion
at emertained that the Uniiedfitates' troops
id no such authorrty, it exercise was so
tneficlsl for the time, that no opposition
a made to h.- The correspondence with
e President and War UeSart men V will n
lain more folly the opinion and policy of the.
tecuttve upon this subieot. ;i ? k
"The calling the Legislature together at
s unusual time, is so inconvenient to the
embers, and so expensive -to tbe people,
ou me design ot doing so was reunquisoeai
rom the belief that it might not be necessary,
tatbe first of June, Ibe laws of the Jtate
'tre declared in force over the Cherokee
Htre y .eoblio proclamation. A distinct
iroclagaaUoo was , at the same tirae issue
iKlarins;' the WRht- of the , Stste to all the
pU, and other valuable minerals, in iu un
Pwted laods occupied by the Indians. . Tlie
"rht tls asserted wsi sap posed to be es
Milislied by the customary tW of ail the Eu
ipean nstions, who made discoveries, or
'medColoniea'on this Continent, by the fee
"ffipie or allodial title which belongs to the
itue, to all lands within its limits, not already
"tinted awtvt and the absence of all right in
he Indians, tbey never, havipff appropriated
mineral riclies of the earth to their own
Immedint c!y after the leming of this
icismntiort, petent and uithim agent
snnnin'r b directions to preserve
5 rights, t rted, from violation by sll
e means u !..- - ..e forms of the law and the
teiof the co ins would sanction. This
"J vtsbrumntiv attended tot and although
1 known that occasionally many persons
' engaged io Uking gold, yet it wss ho-!
that tbe eflorts of the sgent and tbe force
' Ihe United States' troops, would finally
sil in stopping them, rf not entirely, at
ao ftrss to prevent the necessity of re
ting to other means: Nor wss this opinion
"nged until H became too late to call a ses-
of the last Legislature. The militia
Id have been employed in protecting the
M of the State to the gold, and removing
, "we who were trespassing upon that right,
P the constitution and lava bad given me that
tHarityi The law which attached different
jrtions of the Cherokee Territory to seve-
counties, so as to include the whole with
"the organised limits ot the State, contained
prohibition against white persons mingling
"'is the Indian population, or entering upon
lands occuDied by them, neither had any
of the State trade it criminal to take mi.
from such lands. . The t-old diggers
f'We, therefore, neither subject toarrentnor
7 wner criminal process. Under such,
"cumstancea, if any attempt had been made
ould death have ensued, it would have been
rar w tbe actors.; , If orders had not been
te .DM thai kinJiif firr Ik mnlnv
eCthe tnilitk would have been worse
Itlaa temiory, aot oolv foe tbe orateetioa
of hv pfooeriy of the State, but the rights of
m inoianai tuai Uie Uberokce Uovernmeai.
if it bad been perrpitted to xit, would have
been wholly i-veuiitclent, moder present cir
eamstsnees, to discharge any of the du,Ue k
whi-.h Governments sr organ ted -"t
r4 Yo-ir attention is requeue, to be given,
early as pevsib'e. te the passaire of such
U,asyo4 miy suppose roost ctfeetual, for
the removal uf tba persons at present upos
tbe publie lauds , irching for gold, as well
as to prevent any future entries thereon for
that purpo Sucb is tbe templing 1 nature
of this empluymeat thst highly penal enact
nvtnu will be nccenary te eject this object.
Vsry few would engago in ir, if it exposed
term to confinement for yews in the veni
temisry.w As the evil to be prevented is of S
great magnitude, and reqoires sn immediate
remedy, it will bo expedient that the provi
sions of whatever law too. may pass, should
be few and of obvious necessity, and operate
as srfcin at possible. ' No doubt is entertsined
of the submission of the dtiiens of this 8tste,
to tbe requirements of any law which may be
pasaed, but as a great number of the intruder
nave been from other States, and said to have
been of lawless character, and to have evinced
the diiponitioa to set at defiance the power of
tbe State, K may be necessary to authorise the
Use of the militia for its enforcement. The
great value of the goldmines, renders it prop
er, thatyoa should, not only provide some
other means for securing them from trespass,
but 8lt to render them profitable to the State.
They are found throughout the Territory oc
eupied by the (J4ierokees, but. of the greatest
vaiue in tue section oetweea me cnesiatee n
blowab rivers.' Tlist part of tbe country is
broken ami" macceible. so near -the
boundary of the State, and the means of en
forcing the laws S( ili.1i cult to be commanded.
mt neither ot those: objects can be properly
effected, without taking possession ot the
mines. to uo ibis in such manner as to bave
them wrought profitably and safely to the
State, and at the same time to guard the In-.
dian right of occupauo: from violation, it may
oe necessary to utitau n accurate survey of
tue. whole eountry, By"iHnnj--tnin. - those
tracts which contain gold msv ,b ascertained.
autl leues made winh nivra corw.mty of con
ning the tenants of such wnhn their bounds.
and of, dUttngurclung between tbe rights
granted to the tenants ol those' tracts which
may be occupied by Indians,, and those with-.
out that incumbrance.; This- measure may
also be neceessury to enable this State to
ascertain 'with certxinty, the number of the
ndians within its limits, the extent of their
improvements, the quantity of their nnoccu
pied UmH -the" places which had been occu.
pied by emigrant, the residence of white, per
sonx, auu oisiinguisnca vn,cl 1110 lucanoa
of fheVttwiis Snd their populntion, with various
other jnformaljon )f the same character, all of
which must be' known, in order that appro-'
priate laws may '-be-1 passed for the, govern ment
of our Indian people; 1 No doubt is en
tertained of the right to survey the, entire
Cherokee territory, if such measure, should
be considered expedient,.;.. The rights of Jit-.
"j-wiad iatMi ar ioOivk.! pront. eugV not Corsri f U pvrrHMe Tht MrwpMjtKt
" ouii 1 a ciratig toe es tat Cteoruv IVpsrlmcX sip- Vm swb
poUcy of tWc Suta. H also das U net own J-set is subskriied to y M tvitter d.rTtr
CbaracUc iKit i SoU hiv a ieaUut care, tfx af srao ibr ay sm snwr fl
est we press ttx aece-iy c-T ukut-r pas-e-; ea, as lw the policy f rntni-T la .
atoo ml ibe vaiserals iotbelaiUn larJ be- .J sll sausi agrse In eoJ( WMWag lki
yl whs tbe rtl eresi, ibe prrser. eCort Ss cat t tureeM CrC Um vi
tie sad se eft be pwbHe pro(wrty, sa4 the ,eeit prty tiieaOoo which now atVatM the
eararceasewt af our b wa, may reqnire. bule L'nuw. Tbe State eves can become
the tnewsere of aurvrying tbe Ctwrukse tev-j a party before any court fur the drt rrwwru
rwory, however tkecemary fw tk pvopvr'tioej of ibe qoestwe, whether it bV tbe
aoa-ir-rsuo ! tha Uws, secnnrif ilil, pb- j vghi er subjectinf the people wha iveid
be property from trespass, sad protecting the wttbia aeknowlsdged limits to tbe epere
Hwara, ta oa aocoom ot we liainns tecbars 1 uoos M lis laws.
of the buouutc, excited s tney bar beoM,
oy im in te-rrsi aa snd improper staiements ot
political part leans ; the subjoet of our
policy owattstbe Cbenkesa, so liable to
beoowmction, that k would be magna ni
moosly forbearing, la the Legislstere, perhaps
wise, to delay the edcplion of that aeaserc
for the present, , . ''''
"la removing intruders, k w)Q be expe
dient te ooosMler all white prrsnoe such,
without regard to their arngtrr of residence
or the permission of the ladlsM. The eitt
Sena of this and other Slates, be have either
taken refuge in the Indies country, to escape
from the punishment due to their crimes, or
connected themselves with their society froei
unfitness to Kve in civilised communities,
have not thereby acquired any claim npoa
the ' State to peculiar privileges. Much of
the 'opposition ot the Cherokees, to, the
extension of the laws of the State over them,
and to the offers made by e United State,
to induce their reunion with t!at part of the
tribe who have removed to the vVest of the
Mississippi, has proceeded from the influence
of these persons . At the same time that we
acknowledge that It would be ' uju to
compel the Indians' to - Iese the country
which, they have always occupied, yet be
lieving that their removal to the West would
be advantageous both to themselves and the
people of the State, it is proper that yon
should take away any extrinsic causes which
prevent their voluntary action upon this
subject, ' It msy however be just as well at
expedient to exrnpt individuals-of good
character, from the operatic", of sueh a gene
ral regulation, uponheir taking the oath to
support the constitution and Uws of the State,
or giving other security that they will dis
charge the duties of citizens of the State
The number of white men residing among
the Cherokees,' within the limits of the State,
am estimated at two hundred and fifty', ekclu'
sive. of ' Missionaries, traders ' and pedlars
About one hundred are , living ' with Indian
womeru fifty have permits from Ihe Cherokee
Chiefs, and one hundred from the Cherokee
Agent, Out of the ' number of fifty-fourJ
whose names, places or residence, ana pro
petty are described in a letter from the Agent,
t wenty-four are possessed of negro slaves.
- ' The law extending the jurisdiction of the
Stste over tbo Indians, contains 'no provision
prohibiting white persons from entering hpon
their lands. The Indians will be exposed to
continual' vexation and disturbance, unlees
their rights are so secured ss to enable them
to obtain certain real eu for their violation
Hitherto intruders have been kept off, tltci)
lands by the force of the General tiovern
ment.-However justifisble the exertion of
tnis power msy uave oeen rormeny, it cannot
be continued any longer, consistently with
tha richt ot lunadiction-wliich has been sssu
med by the State.' It becomes therefore an
imperative duty to afford to the "Cherokees
by your enactments, the Same protection,
from intrusion which they, formerly received
from the United btaws... ,-. . ,, ; ... ,4
M It is also due to our Indian people that
that provision in the law 'of 1859 should be
repealed, which prevents Indians, and the de
eendants of Indians front being competent
witnesses in the courts of the State, in esses
llr nsenms bas snsnlv
prwvra m ww aaa swwo slave svf-rrty
Mer rrwavm, cta Mhr wskt
ocmm aaegao frw Umwtiw, bwl a arm
rtiiiiMm la rewM lb aJ .HU 'mim fi m
aalbal ncKi,omtrobMerrsitvtraiiH.
Serf prstctvaim Uw hrM Uw at btairt, u tt
iaofawiitr. Vt'a wwU sw ircriaui loawraalvs
H urrjwrWe its injnswiKMta. IT slirw.pl
tssit aur slavrs lo H Mmwioa, by the tiro,
lalioa of inlaiualory wruirs. Km ant hero tsa-
awe Uvonpa. Il ku iradr4 to irrtaia.
eUS Lawia. booth Ornlma and LoaIM.ana.
T sw-rrpow.lee ef Ibe KxaMtir I uart-
Oi. SB rrMioe lo lk nrOM-rttlma of an mxIk
VMroaf, tor taw vtolatkwef iKt law bnaalhnsab-
iesi.ls TwukosinwnioaWi. k si believwd
IO Wa k"C- ''j amportaat, r lb tutors pmstrarily
sad etuets-f lb Stale, ,bal I be Uw of tl.r lit
re-.-na)ine Us law at X7. innliibnins-
lhefuivhevkniealiMtkMi ol slwwrs into lite biate,
el sept kv oajn-ws far ttwir own ujm aboald kv
so am-Mled at tv tcinoe Ihatr mirrxtaiiina slln,
tether, wsOLpI seb star as my bcaoiaa tli
aeopwrty at iiissmv ol Ibis Stats by toauoxsnt, or
IM eeaui ol rvtallves la ainsr btatea, and aacr
by eraisranta Own otler Stvea, inteurlinc .a bee
someauiscM at this. It beleivc4 Ibat lbs
smmber ot wot slaves teurwatly tully as great as it
fwaatnatl for oar siltsMajneul io wealibi sn In-
erraas watUil. bat ksasn th value of IIiom at-
rmvty poawtaed, sod atrmjrthea tli irolwkllily
m tkew becoming at soma tins an, oppressive
burden la war aommannr. . -' -S - .j.. j
" 1 u BjrejiMiisoa - l slavery in many of
ins aiaies, tha nwrrase af similar Iwlmji in
some of Uio slave holiltne stalm. sues (turn anon
: I Ua desrease of the slave and aos-reate of their
whits . ooiMilation. Hie ilanrer ot navair - tha
slave poHila ion in tlis Slate disru-opurtinaiitelr
frain to tos tree, without (ho peasilMiity he rest.
tef of. throwing off that pnpuUlioo Olien it be
somes bunlenaoine. ami Uie unjust revtnne
turn of the Federal Government, by wbk-h per.
m si lent hoanlies are riven to nunufituiw antl
. r .... . V i.-
-vtste Upon aptriiealina to lbs War Department. , " ,V. . 1 "T7 arr-uifwrai moor,
I bave reielTanheMul. of the n.ni.oTdie1m. iiSS.T ,tarLi.,TAl! '"3!,e!?'1
.-- ,a r mtt tbo kp ibe deep f rmel LUf
"'-inn-Trv-illlwwraMatmoa, " .- 1
U, k ..a a ib rHJ at Crawl reiMlhi bar, wl.ifLrt.rlj tr5, J
'" ve k4 mp-Mi.mixim) tba iraaws.tae Strraes. !!- our almoal ttr:H.
si IT' "UtT A" rI"" ""'JTt,rM iatsn fBZvt ef a..
we" - frrirr awr IwiMNij 1 pots'
Sa Sko KImIi k.l thai law vaa kviettOaJ
i.irie-
" Ahliuugh ibe first efforts of tbe tWident
to extinguish tbe Indian liite haw no, proved
SMceeastuL yet the promptness with which
they have been me to, and the tinreserved
maaoef lo wnkb our rights have been ae
klowMred. reo-tire of Ibe list the fullest
CoaoUtewce in the present Administrs'ioo
epon thubject It may be expected that
tbe contract of 1803 will now e bone-try ex
eouted, if the wegleet of former admintstra.
Uions, and the opposition to this, has not rea ;
ojrea it impossible. Both, policy on our
part, and respect for the lioveramrot, dei
ntand tliat we should wsit patienUr. without
set'mg. the result of tbe exertions of the
President h using the means provided by
Congress for that mirnose- If unfbrvumitelv
fw os. he should, fail entirely, it will be
proper for the S'ate to look no'lonrsr lo the
coniract of 1802 tor the extinguishment of
the Indian title 14 its lands But to exercise
its own powers lor the management of Its)
own interAaI concerns r - t - '
" One ot lbs means utril by the Cm oral Gov
ernment lo exewite ths snntrMt of 1 Vlri, has bean
hy mying l-ulrvuloai Llieroksvs tha lull value of
Uwm- improvement and posse tktoni opoa their
emigration. . These imrowinents Ic possessions
warn thas paid lor kfsome ibe pn wrty of lbs
irrtnti from this wists, with an acamint ol the ira-
piMveioents let! by Ihent, and their value, aopies
of wbK-h arc laid bef m-.iou It n imtortant that
lltese imurnyemeMls JkmiIU be pUwed in the pos
session 'of eitifteas of ibis State as Sarly ss possi.
ble, not only for Ihe-pui-pnte of rearvine them
tor future disposition, but aa the means of more
readily enforcing the Lnva uikhi lbs Cherokee!
As it is probable thai the Preiident will Ind that
Ui appropriation made -Mite last sesaloa of Con
gress toe the removal ol Iniluns, may be mors
ueoestniiiy cxpenneii to eticet inut oujeet, by o
p rating npon indiviclu du, Ixiniiiea and Inwn't,
Ihsn onon tbe whole tribe through their Chiefs, il
will tberclore be. proper tlist you should pre.
Fernw HmM . general rcirniaiions, ay wnien lite
plMeslefthy the emigrants mav be Immediately
oceapied by oitaens of tbe vHuio. .Manv of
. , t . . ....
ine nouses wnicn pave neen len oy ine emigrants
have been Uken posaestion of by other Indians.
Aotbority oorht to bs irivsn to remove such oe-
aupants in a summary way, Others were tlewroy
d by order Of the principal Cherokee Chief, John
rtpaa, under eireumstanees of the . most savsgs
rru.lt 1 1 one people, who were In possession.
1 us jnniuicuuq 01 ine state dso not at 1 net time
been extended over the Cherokees.: The eopy
of my letter to the War Denartmet nnon this sub
ject aeeompsoics this Message. . ; - .
, " 1 be decision of the 1 President,' npon tbe
right claimed by the State to tbe immediate poo
ttsaion ofssontiderable tract of eountry, now in
'be occupancy of tbe Cherokees, but which was
formerly owned by the Crerkl, list been leas fa
vorable than ws might hate si'tioi paled, from the
clearness of the teatimonr which waa sabraitieH
to him. ' , The Secretary of War, iu a letter unod
pointed by the President to examine into the fucti.
in relation to that elaim, had , repotred in .lavor
01 a line beginning at me suallow 1' oWl, oi) the
(hattahochee, and running Soutli Wetsi-dlv,
slong the ridge as represented in a Map which he
bad irantmitted to .the Executive Department.
sgrieullural) Indicate yory clearly the polity fur
at 01 pursue, it is believed tnsi no venvht will
result from the re-enact must bf ths law of l$iT.
rbnl law nrolilhitt ths latroiluetiiiu of slsves bv
ufrro araikrt, but permits every silrtrn to briiix
thsm mto the State ibe hit own naet the only
oonteqiieiiee of which will be that a much greatcr
numoer 01 persons will neconie en jageil m Irnl
fie which, from Its nature, the lutmeet of snaiety
requires thnuld hs confined lost tew as pnssililo.
The enforcement too of the law will be extreme
ly difficu l, because of the tmpoaaibilily ol'dls.
iiofCniMiinx ins irsoerior pront, , irnm ins ciluen
buying for his own use. If theaw vveto to al
tered as lo make II S orims to intrrine tlavri
Mito the Sirte either, fur usa or strle,' ( hh thi
sxsepl.iont already ntoiitinnt-d,) anil forfeiting all
staves so in ti oduct l, iq wtiatrver lianils thev
might be found, sorb law, it is bt-llevei, coulil
bo enforced without limculi(. '-.; This snltjeei I'.
recomraended to your oonsiiterslKin, from ' Uie
oonvnftioa that the futnrc prospm-tty of the Stnin
mnyoe ceepiy aneeied by Uie poliej- wliiclt you
msy nortue... -,;'.'' :
',. M Various resolutioniwpatsed by the Lesitla.
lures, of PenutvKania, Ohm, .Vermmit, Ihilv
11 are h Connecticut; upon, the subjects of tlieta.
riff. mternal Improvements, andeleetions ofeleo.
bws of President and Vice , President; have boon
rerived from the Chief Mgitnite ul itiote
Suiiet, sopies of which arc, aecording to request.
;V ..Resolutions psssed by the LegislMnre of Leu
lian have, alto been received, in which is ex.
pressod the Opinion that (lie . tariff ol 1 8S, it not
only OftittKotionsI and expe-Hent, hut harmlcta
to UMTSoutherti Slatet Copift ef theac arc alto
submitted to you, but not wlthnnt callinr your at
tention to the striking illutlration which they liif
nlth ot the seirulmais whlchnccsiioned and con
tinues in force tbe present tariff syttein. ; . Within
die lew last yen s sugar enne liss neenme Uio
principal hroiluclion of Louisiana.. Ol sll the sn
plications ot labor,- that directed to lit cultivation,
is "said to ywln to the agriculturista the gi-esicat
S MereS 2 iTJI
. . - . I- - 1 v ' .1 WmiCnSCl III UIO wllllllB Wl Wl o
nsti.ction ana, sou are .easeniiai mtr.ouv-. w)ere WB)te mn j, , pwty;,;, Tn4 pretvht
government, ana were acquit ea oy e'1,, pMe, th-m to great oppression; whilst
unon me acicnowieugmeni or mucpen 1 u. .li nn.k.ki ini.
. St. a m uv m wwunimwn uwwoasw vs ini vuci
deiiee. sovereignty and territorial limits, oy j Att.mpUil,?e been made to etrip' them of
sTt Hue.:.. ' IKaa .nklalias.A a,S,ltaBS KakMM i . 1
1 . ' " . '""" j j- IT 1 theif properly by forged contracta, because
relinquished. Povshhough the jurisdiction lfthfc rmpossibility of defending thenrrights
of the States, is restricted by the constitotion, . the Utt;moy rftj,re who alone can know
from operating upon a few specified objects, thjm , A)l4 ,j.nogh tbe moral feelings ot
imiptrra,,.Bi.i......v. our frontier community has been tod correct
speetsf and the constitution conUms a special to permit such infamous proceedings to1 ef
provnoonlhat it snail not oe construea 10 me facUheirends, yet the character of our legis
prejudice ot the claims ot ine btat ea, to tern- Uxion f0 justice, requires thst the rights of
lorv. various ec.iVi. iy v.i;ii'.. ,,1uete department people should hot be ex
and jurisdiction over Indian tribes, apd the. d iucn danger. Our ledges are dual
aa-l.kvla i I,1sj .ri.rtliSi -ieiBW njoaWH - I - . - . -s ' "
rmuij i-Mwi ujasa to aetermmej upon w competency ot,
mnuc vi uiuorein w ,;-. sea. and our Junes to We.irll their cred
States by vlrtne of which it has created ter. ,;,;,- ' , .
ftf&jW ThaVpart of tbe Tsw 0M829 4l.lch di.4
:i.rTZ;: :ra:!iiWll tbeUns and ordinances of the
m1 rTTrlu'l Cherokee Government, has been entirely
!tst-ISl!! 11 1 hr,nureracf; continued to meet together as a legislalrwf
and Mtssisstppi, .re JXte J P CMf'd on all the
rhrthe
JiSSSt "oauthority to prevent Such conduct, luse
1 TV. X IhS reSto hicb repealed .11 their ordinances
by, the Indians 1. e '''ffoVof and punished their chief, for any ar done for
of Prev.iitmg.emigra.ion. at,, ch
lanci is oe"CTC vo . Density for anv other exercise of pow-
Indian tit e. . Ech State In j tt, A& mwii it not more een'sura-
every Colonial Government, cUrms to the .biied
proprieff . ,11 thsj Und. uT' fc the situation of the Cherokee tribe
The tourts rc '"Jf rendered it but natural that a; strong effort
nredfrom 'S;AyJS ehould be made, by those who bad Ey tbeit
l-KS'L wealth .d M.telliiencTobtined,th abso
Mipreme conn. , a uo r" V ' " " T ... iute control over it to retain their power, yet
where oeen it is not therefore the jess proper that the
mumt.es as 1 could he recogn ued I s Govern.
ments, snd hsvmg the power to set nstionsiiy. , .....,.;. fmnv their ore
The nrincioal , ob ection, which has oeen v-y -":- -v . rm " . " 7.
marie In Ihe exercise of the right of soil and
jurisdiction by the State ovet,trie Cherokees,
has been drawn trom ine pnraseoiogy
treaties between that tribe and the u.
If such treaties were to be considered as com
pacts between independent nations, as -has
been asserted, they would be void, so far as
they pretended to limit the sovereign nguis
of the Slate, But trestles hsve been made
with ihe Indian tribes, at all times, since the
first settlement of this country, without bav-
tentions. They have hia sumcient notice to
do so. Further delay would but encourage
disobedience Instead of making their legis
lative, judicial or other pretended acts of
Government treasonable, tue miiuer punisn
ment of the Penilentisry will probably be an
amnio raard asaioet any fulure ambitious
purposes.'. . ,. , : viSf't'-v V'' c:'
HTheDsssaireofthe Indian bill by Con
gross, created a strong hope thst through the
means which was tnereoy piacca sv we uis
ami orflereo toe cneroltees to be removed bm
tb? Und to assigned to tlwStte. , lliia ManSa.
rompaniet the other papers submitted to you
upon this subject. .. , , w ,- 5 ' . :
.."The report of Gen. Coffee alluded to lo the
tetter irnm the Seeretnry of vyer, was not reeeiv.
ed until s abort time ainee, snd then withoat be-
in- accompanied by the deeisioa ot the President.
Unon examinme the renort. it w.a nriM.j
that General Coffee had never seen' eny psrt-of
mo lesumony whkh was tasen oy order Ot th
last urasiatare. -... ft leuer was immMiwi.i .h
dressed to the President, through the then acting
Secretary ol W.ir, requesting s re -examination 3
Ueneral Coffee ) report, and Ihe evidence whisb
was transmnted to him trom thu department,
t I he tract of land from which tbe Cherokees,
hsve been removed by order of the Preaitleot. it
supposed to contain -tfi lfii6 seres, snd is now sub
ject to be disposed of iu such manner as yon may
think expedient. The great object to be effected
by the Sute, In ihe appropriation of il. lands, Is
tbo insrease of ks population, and Ihe excitement
of iti people to industry, and the accumulation of
wealth. . -t he lottery system winch hat been hilli.
erto adopted, is believed to have been belter e.
saiaied so stum these ends than the ditposHioii
by (Mbhc sale, it lit aa ; Ooimproved ' country,
where capita is searee, in t ere it high and every
trade sod employment demand labor ami walih.
iiraurpiua munrj m uie pmaeanoa or, ins peo
ple, can be expended more utefully by ihnm, in
improving the lands, anditherwltc adding to the
rushes ox ma eountry, than U drawn I rom them to
be placed m the public-Treaiary. It hat al
ways been found mors difficult, to reitrain im
proper expenditures srising (rom a lull Treasury,
man to ontain mrougii ine powers wjiich oeloug
to the government the means which may be re
ally required lor politic purposes. vJt is report,
td tlml tlteiw are valuable cold mines in the Lands
te oe ilMuoaeO; of. I he puolie biterett requires
thst Ute lots of land, which contain gold should
bo exempted from distribution by lottery. Tbs
j 1.: .i t. .1 , :. : . ,
.pMn u, KivuiHtfui, wiiMTi, ,iw.Hiif,snion Of uie
iinus oy ionsry is cuicuimeil to excite, has l
ways been ll greatest objection lo tliat system.
The knowlcv!z 11 at rtic laa I contained valuable
mmet of Gold, wwild bwrense that spirit la the
ww inj'.iM'ii. rxici -1 no Borauiuniiy vouia
become iigbly excited, by the hope of acquiring
great wealth, without labor. '' Tbe morals of lbs
country would be in danger of cormption, from
the temptation which would be held out by law.
to the eommiation of innumerable frauds,.. Heg-
ular industry and economy would fore time bs
taipenueq. oy resiles idleness, sua mugmsry,
at well at real, and nnnccessurv exoemlitarea.
In most iBtlanaet, even the tiiceeisfu! oooert of
he rich prizes would vol be really benefited.
Prodigality is the ntoal i-eolt of riches, sodden.
ing . been considered such instruments as posal of the president, the State would . be
conveyed political power orrigbts of teliiory. rc-lioved from the embarrassing difficulties
t.,-u... ,k. na;...ia bv which hr- .which have so long bsrrassed It, -arising out
norant, intractable and savsije people, have; rfits relations Wiethe-Cberokeej. ; As tret
r . . . ., .l.j' V :i.i an-ritiniuihaTa been Aiftannointed-
been inauceu, witoout okwsucu, iuj uK v.- . r V. i-T
what civiliied Governments had the right to. The Indians hsve refused to .luteit to any
1.. .j .K.t MunmMil of th itj-ras offered b the Preidem for their re
Crestor delivered to man wpot. bis formation move!, or even to meet him at his request for
-jbe fruitful,, multiply, and repiemsn uie, tne purpose 01 " '-
- ...uj... m o fa therefore, ss dressed a memorial to the people of tbe Cui
CftrMla olIIU IUUUIIO , W - - a . " . m
the United Sutes, 0u sister Stales, and , ted States, complaining of, the oppression of
foreign Governments are Conceriied, the j Georgis. and tbe failhlessnesa of ths t admia.
riglitsof ItirMiction and sol are perfect, ssU.trat.on of the General "9
. .:..J k- e..r. We tk Cherokees. have been nersusded,that the Cherokee tribe
esr.roiscu wj - -. .',,., .,;, .n,l ,h. th.
ml I to : Unda orrunied DV tnem J oeac au inucpc" .r...6.- ....
. t . . ' .l.-.I - ' o,innn. r.nnrt will austoidit in assumins:
-tfrtiiA haw. , nnwrver, xueir wnwyv"v-i;. r. - - .
duties,. If yon
Notwithstanding litis, (he manufaetui-ert of Lou
itiana snjar receive a boonty of filly per cent.
upon all the sugar ibctr make, la the - form of a
duty of three cents pernound unon the Ihfe for.
elgn article. The value ol this bounty to the
wealthy planters, and the interest thev have lb re
taining: it, teems to hsve proved as eonvincli r
argomentato the Legislature ol Loniaiaua of ihe
constitutionality ot duttroyinfr foreign sommeree
under the power given lo rouble it. a the an
ticipated high tirioe ofdomeatie woollens, cottons.
iron, sod wtiuxey, wss to mote who voted birth
tariff of 1884 and 188S. f j
- V The sdfiithnett of wealth in IAm. seems to
be tsking the place of smbition ineAcr emmtriet,
snd in like manner to bs indiilt;lng itt lust for
acauiaitlnn at the expente of juttice mid the most
sacred Inttkutiont oi the country. : The mestuiet
of the last settlon ofCongrettgiveliut little, in
dkeation of a disposition in Ihe government to re
lieve uie southern people rl ihe triuuto , which
thev are now eomnelled lo nav to the, ueonla ri
tlm Eastern and Northern 9'ta'tet. It it true that
the duty upon salt has baew. reduced, not-' how
ever because, k wss oneoottilutional and, piirtinl,
but because .its 'msqufactui-ers were not,, tuifl
eiently numernti to lAalntAin I monopoly, Uw
elleclt o which ware left by S WMtorttv of ths
people. . Ths duties opoa la and eoffee hve si'
so ueen reilueed. I he revenue , ncriveil imm
the impnat npon tliese srticlet wss drawn roore
equally Irom the sal ire country than the asms a
mount from anv other snares whatever." The
effects of this measure will be to extend Ihe time'
st Which Ibe public debt will be paid off, and to
fix upon tbe Southern States the most oppressive
pan oi uia nrrsenv larui. v - ' . v
" The PretidenfHvetolo bills nStsed by Con.
gress lor tbe appmprialior of money for internal
improvements, affords the aiioering hopetlwi the
r euvrai umcminrni maj ue vini iiihhvu iu in
exerciae ot Ittsnnsmutional powers.' .- . r .rt
" ii is perhaps ine moil ttnguior re.au ot our
peculiar torm et'sovernmeat, Ihat our free irurtilu-
lions should have been so often preserved from
violation by ihe representatives ol toe people,
through tbe responsibility and patriotism of our
elective Chief Magistrates. " ,' ' , ;
A bold Ploridian.. who would have thouichi
k trifle to Inks sa allintor.. being . out Gating
recently, discovered a tboal of porpoises, and
tmuippee himalf with S harpoon, the line
which he fastened si ound hit person.: Presently
S stoat one came near, snd he " let drive" Ihe
porpoise darted off likes sliot, whirling the poor
harpoouer through the waves, and be was only
taveo by the rope breaking. , He Should reau
" Tbe Pilot," and take a few ideas trom Long
OmlsOn." . .. '
... rhe ibovt rr minds us of the exploit
iking sibich broerht Ihe Lh tQ a an.f. ?
dn lull, ansl the 6rrnrjsi was ep.
bled lseergvbimMif hi Irrrrl '
tj iliscomSture. - r - - -
Tbe oihcr case oftsmd e:,!y
triilei above this civ. Tbt lorrmn in
Ihe hrj.1 efsammrr it very stecjish, snd '
will lie psnlinj like a ht.j U "tHe cool. .
tst psrU uf the stream, TrgarrArts J.
snt of the approach tf Jai-jer. j Oirrv '
friend fuuml oq oftbrse animals 7 feet "
long in a sl.allow part of ilie nvri.sbd to
being " muck of asnsn w thonjtn bn
cool J maaier hint by jompui; au ide of
him, arid at . the same ijwsnt tltppiiij ,k
Lishsndaintohi gillv' Ur ju np-tl ind
wss taccc--ful in plariti; ilm firjers of " "
bxih hands in the Or'a gtlv liitsritii
ly lliv animal dsrttl dywir, rivrr l.ks
raceWie, aomrtimr nmJrr the wa.
ter, Sumrtirors oot. The rivicr rould ''.,'
neither atop him, nor gel hi hnd out .
of hi gills, whirH rlapnl tbem like (
vice. , Fortunately the frightened uni-.
inal, sfirra race of psnl of fjuar.' '
ter of a rntle,' bolted Into tint ol eur
frlend'a owo fish trspe, snd there ' the .
sprtUtora.. who had purrurd on" the
bank, .finally found him, awearing 'irt.,
the moat positive manner It waa the laijt v
sturgeon' he would ever rtitt. '
, ; .'- w , .-Juguta Cburie. ': '
Hi "-.'' : ..' ". :'v-k.
rmal courat end fortitude. Ji
the time ul the first emigration, to thit ,!.
country, the females of England were ' ,
wen educated, anil had a higher rang .
in'thf eeale- f rniiuK tlan at-any pre; ' ' ;
vinns age in Bt iti'.h liitiry,.v:,n.u bad . ' .V'
been effected, in no m.il tlfwree, by the" :0 "
I on 5 and rrroprrous rcigti of Quorn Eli- . w
tabeth, and her high trputatioiv .e tl:-' "''' .
lent end learning. Fahiin bas often 7
the aama ctintml of (" the mind, asover'Vv; ,
the dress and equtpnge of a prirple. . It -i T
waa fiiahionab! fluriti the reign oftthi Zv.1,y '
extranrdinaiy Qui-en, lo think WQmpn as ' 1 '
etpcble of reastiiiins npiin pub'io a flairs ,
aa men.- Our inmhera bmns;ht some.
thin of the pirit with thetn , ' They ' "V '
I. r. . . .
anew irons., nisiory now muni inrir set -. - , ;
had done In the ailvtincemi'nt of civili. U ,
latino and fhrisiianiiv; uml here wae u i
the fineat . field pt prtive that thry aiill t ' ' "
had the power and InVlinaiioit. f N.itui..'..'
rally generous and gnlhusiastiv.'wocvn ;'t -have
in every ar been attached to t V
hero and (he amt; and have folt s
the former jo the battle .field, to bin I ;
hia wounds, atitt id aios hia prnini
ler victnryt and the latter to the ci.. i T
and the tomb. Tbe wives of the p i- .
grimi who laotled sC Wjmonlh, disio-V; 'c";?
vered tnitre than ppartan loitiictle iri , ,i v
braving dangers and in supporting rala ;
fniiiel. ' ITiey wersj well educated wo v r
men.- li ! i':' V . f"! 'fm '
Many t" lanrpii ;ef female hertiitrt, -;'C.
which occm tc.l i!urini the early settle .
nient of Ihe country, are recorded, and ' -' t i
should be carefully prcRerveiH Among '-'-.h
the roost conspicuous watt that Of Mrs. ; ft ;
lannan- Uusion, jnl ilaveihiH.a plea-
sant villogft situated on the left bmk nf ,
thc'Meriinack.y-On the 15th March A
1698 Mr; D-isfott au made pttHifhcr '"X ;
by a party ol Indian., felte.wa on thi --rj p
day confined to her bed by sickness, at- .
tended by her nume, Mary iViir.1 ;?c-,
yen children,, beiidet I fcmlejnfant : t V'ZN'f
dayn h1d; were witji hen; ' As soon .bs "-F "'i'--
uie aiarm.was given, orr nusoanti aenr vy ' '
away the children towafrla the -gnrrison u -uf)
houite; by whicli time the' Indiana were .
o near, that .deVpairitig.' of envirtg ths -fgZ
othari of hi firmly; he hasleni'd .after ;
hia chiluren bti horseback. 1 his course i -wai
advised by Kii'wifc'.V She t!. ..ught -:.v:'
it was Idle for hei to, tli?mpt' tci encspe. v ',
A "party oi tnaiana roittiweanimi'tiut - j,
Ihe falher .kept ii the.jreae of hir hiU 'i ?
dren snd often firing on" hia parsueri,
he Kpt item tMt; and . was enaoled lo i t rj..
reach the garrison with; Ida children tti ; ';
satettv yttiZwM i '''; xi
iy son easily ooiaine.l. sines are tike tbe ac I t ' t il'
eamulslion of tbe neonle'a monev 1. the ..ut.ll. w eur sicquainiBncen in osvau
i , - - j r -i I r l. .
I reasnry. The Oovemmenl should rosnags I an nven woo Ol . nem waa greai
mens i or geoeratana not I or HiniVKiiuu advan
tage. .11 tbey should prove exceedingly p rents
ble, the SUte would thereby be enabled to re
lieve tit people Irom taxation, improve sll the
rosda, render k a rivers navi cable, and extend
ths advantages of education to every class of to.
Tbe law lo prevent mtersoerse between lbs
free 'Metroes of other countries and tbe slaves of
tbe State, and to lessen rhe mesas, and paoiah
attempts to excite ear slaves te msorrweuon, by
eirunlstmg seditious writings among them, has
been the subjoet of much . misrepresentation and
abuse, , Neither tbe danger whisb threatens the
eX'tteneo of portiuos ot oar eomnonity. woe the
alarm which . readers miserable the tender and
uosjil, from apprehension of such danger, has
trout i catcher., eenerally Hitting and
fishing oo a rock in the Titer with ha
I dozen rods st a time.' "One day he
fastened his hand-line (a large atron
line, whose hook is thrown olF0nr-4G j
yiards in the river,) to hia leg., findin;
the multiplicity of his tackie inconvcn
ient to manage. A. laipe cat'Csh
weig!iii!; 48 pnumis, eix'l tlie l:
snd -befi'ie our fisherman was well .
war of the fact, he wai posting down
the riv :r faster tli a tow brat astern
of S t imer. -iLuukily Ihe cat-nh, as
The Indiana tok;Mr; Dutim ftonv
her bt4,!iind carried her o(T,-with the)
nurse and infant; but finding the little
one becoming troubtocoinr . they to6kv
her frbm .kef - mother's ,irmi -by (orce.V
and dashing her against the tree, end 4 i.v.'
a- ss ' a . snr-i a..:
eu ner moans ana ine tngetner. v I nr $
mother had lo lowed Ihe Indians until .
this' .moment with. .altering steps and V
bitter tvara,. thinking on the late of her- 5f i j .
self,1 her babe, nd her ' other chitdfen, '
After; this horrid outrage, shs ' went not
more? the agony of nature drank the
tear-drop ere it fell.1. She looked to , '
heaven with a tttlent prayer for succour,' ;
nd followed the internal group with- y
out a word of complaint. -At this in J '
sttnf the ; high reaolye Was" formed, in .4V
her mind, snd swelled every putue of; N yf
her heart. ?. Ihe?! travelled on som H:,
diliance; sa she thought, one hundred
and fifty miles; but perhaps; from' the' ;? '
course they took,- about seventy five. ' )
The river had probubly been broken up ff
but a short' time, 'and the canot-a of thev '
Indiana were above the upper 4al!, oii . ?' ,
the Merrimack, when they commenced f A' C
their journey to attack IiaveihiM. ' A i,
bove these falls, oi) an island, in the 'riv; ') )t
e the Indians had a wigwam;, and ia t-' j i.
citing their ranoes in-order, and
lowing teu milea op tbe .streain; hctamev :j'f '
much, fatigued." rP,'?.V.,a,;.''ri,.n'ftv
..When they reachfd the place of rest ?
tht?y slept ,soutidlr. Mra , Du'in 'did'' rf '
not aierp- . the nare and an Lrtsh.i .
buy, a prisoner, were spprized of, her
design, but Were 'nut ol much axe to.iV'v!
her in fhe execotion-of it. )' In ihe atill -'
eubieet thO'Indians to ouri sovrrs'ga povryii wo oi w wviiwisam .s insa vw rnwr eim on iioerai 'wiivu uiaiiugia, oasis iuiiivcj wi uvi iw,n yi iu wB ? wm.ui vkh , , . , .