t
i i
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- .
.;.V0LE3n,' ;v. 1
V""1" T-:ri:'" ,'iLi'5l ..... "a "J ' ' -i Jm. jm" ' ' ' ' -V,- V' V I v. - Ba3iggana-anBgMra "L i-jBgaS!. 1 - f t -i.
I a II : - - t i 'in i ii -L II mi rxvm , a 4
A -? , miiMii.
3
mv ;
I.ATV KKiCE k LEMAT.f-
. , Tr, pOTM rewdM ltko (L
' m ft jm1 tmrtfxr MUM,
AltfMnnuni, nwdt 1km Imp,
v- ,. i.i.w hum iar m oUart m In
i tf-ft Ml lov Mok MMUMk .
W llMI
Km m
t 1 PT ADTnORITY.'1
A lh n.J C Co aM ' Ji.i' .... T. -s
ntwmfcrjwiw, m UaMar.aM tf.! UJVck laactiritj rf b t kcrtt
Mt Mi kmhi M W M fan Itm m m
COXVKNTIO.V.--.
! ( i mmm 1 I 11 .ii III
lAWt; OF TUB UNITED tTATKsv
ml Mm frrf Mm m TmaUyS-
v 1 - . M. SI.
Aa JUl t exempt tSa hmIi of Pertagal frem
'U nJrf k ia Snow w bti'Vj (lallade, Mr. Speaker, to Die appro-
j!? Mm Cnifrev afMmUeiA ThiTao utie v
i' C m tfHini Bfffnaicit, inn w fcww wi
, tnnrl Im kamfter lenad or Mlleeted of
tfMa. That iwr aa PreHdeot of tbt
y i Cwt4 tuioM. oWl bo wtiifieil tbot the nncli of
. :i tk Vafca4 aula aro oablMtcd, la Um port o4 tlx
I Hotae ol PortufiJ, to oari&eot of taj dutie of
, Itmy M Mil. tjf proelamatioo oeeura iim
' i fast, aad tha datta aov Bavtala or tbe aeU
t J 4 of tttat khwrdMa. all ta leTie4 and ptid. a if
S ItLlaaatkad aat bee natatd.
SoaaJur of tka Haoa of RenrcaeataUfci.
- V J. C. CALHOUN,
VUa Praaideot af lh United States,
aod Praiideot of the Senate.
Approfad, Mar Si. IIM.
ANI1BEW JACKSON.
asondcr Ihow ctiattw f narrow mad
coon acted IcgUaJn' lick baa bl.
tlwrta kf p4Nf C. lu Ue kact groti4.
Wt ialt, Sir, (a- htf e Ibat spirit r.
Braved from oup; Mpla. mhieh fcju
dictated a cotirae .lillkeral, Iflhuita
And unjust to the Wep tern part 411
urn ouie; wbica .ban .alnoat rflade
na bcliert Chat V were not tha ckil
drtn tof the Mm iiareatf wkicb'haj
almost made ua in tho bitttrBe of
oivoulacryoit and aa? that la.
Uoked po ior Brother af the
tltae coald hare been tJected mortlEaat with a other than a fraternal
- O ERA L 'ASSK 31 B LY. ;
r Ooutt of Covuioni, JH. 4, 1832. -r
Daft U rnoUtk krklirf far U afttl
, i a C wo Hoa to mead to CoaMtitiaa of
Varta Uaroiaa, .
MIL LEAK, laid, it is at alt Urn
a diScult .matter t diacaaa
i- - - l i... r
ations oa YOBT table aTllwoT ex-T
ciOiis; cofisiderabfc tWHnr, aal no
ttnaa Mali Lara alectMl tAOfl
iaanspiciaastocata deiiberaQtiO atd
dispassionate arpimeat than the pre
sent for, sir, the Menhers of this
House havs scarcely settled down
from that effervescence of feeline;
which- was created on the discussion
of the twin sister to tboao resolution.
an
fedi
d
Who
ciri
rtini
kt.n. I t'.ill
!.frc::i aic-25 of
i af i pre nit. trtt-.
rtad the East.
jtt ennsi r 6mnre, as
i rf tUo same T"nilf, aUTroosh
... i
r 5 tutin al us amaiais
djty jf t i' i ar
ft.t.Ke a taukl4 elJef brotheri
thrj p deniiv to as our , oqta,
rw :S of. xmr lather's Wtarit&nce.'
Vc r, they thoald be renjinded
that hat's tiuil prttilCotrsf thst
tts f ic?tle cf primogrnitsre is nut
recow &odntUelatUiaai tests.
iant'f our fatherj fo 4t ' there
rlen j irt firth that a freqacnt re.
crrr vo t fundawenlal-priaciplfs
ia h' '.. '7 rtrcessarjr to lpefrrrs
- f laai t. Biitinol
lotoi-'h Lars ilLU iuVc'1"' Stats of N.C 1
rhro puUGon. "Xauhaliathat.fcpareaot.
ur Lrcaiaturtt ahoaU altblenDiaJ-l
ljr. LegtsUtS" would prwsreaa
roach bsttet w hers the lejiuJatora
tact Vot nu aatwo years, JTils,
sir," would ante ,Jhi SUfc aboat
frtOrOOO anaurUj, and aould bat
ter Tour renreaentiabn. The truth
i ' . 1 - . . . t a t BMMa
rs, air, uiai vu( imna "
talented teen - rtfoao to Irislate.
aactilra would Is to ertaL
TbeMte fajniUeafto supuorj.
Irft nenot bo . nuraoderstuod.
amj. sir, ta frUvciplotLoaJTocata of
freqtitot lecuoaH) butgBot a jro
auaat aswe hate them.' i I,tHik that
ym Hart loo OJOc pfriWAiiHU
cry Ut
rawMel; ??' , '
mTp7 oWdrauol t-Vj 9o' V - . .V
lioa of itta U. Iums tka e W " " "V.,
ojaea, ottaa, lavpwla, o MW,a eond . m; t 0 i
-ai 4
ftwrMa tor aVi taaiaifi r
vifar a tka lf
i53.
Iff 3
i' 1
' '..Aa Act to evteao? tk limit of Gaorratovn, k
: Ota UiatrMt of UolamOai.
-i - B( raactea bit tk Senau and Hotut if Re-
raanlaftvata'MW XJniitd Slant f America m
V ' Ctnrmt ummbUd, Tkal taa limiU of Geone
I owa, ia ba Uiatrwt of Columbia, be, and they
r'' areaereaf, Mtaadod, ao a ta inelade Uvs part of
I tnal oflioad aalel ' Tretty ProapMt," rroent
. .f to patabwad by tKa Corpotatiea of tho aiid town,
a a ike for their PoorVaoatei bepaoinr for the
a a Kooa nwrkca number
i oad af tonr b aod red aod
i Bnt Km af a tract of
l ot Dumbarton t" Mid
i atnnaaUo ataartia oa tba wvatera boondarr line
' f ( lot aambotod two hand red aad utr, of Beau
1 -fM aad tlawkia! additie id " "Hd.mn-
ft Ikhhalaai aooth. elrbteea pole, oooth tvelr
w r , , , .l
. ?P i aud pieaa of rrooad. i
v :'" fow. exteadiac at ta
i ' 'OBTeatT i aotoa oa the
V lead. eaUed abo Boa)
priation bill.) It was for this res.
son that, for one of the (riertds of
Contention, 1 was opposed to the
introduction of the subject at this
time, believing that no good would
result from its discussion; and that
all ws annuls reap from it would be
a plentiful crap of unkind reeling, of
tirulent Invective, and bitter recri
mination. Nor, Sir, bate I been at
all mistaken. My most fearful ap
prehensions hate been more than
realized. This legislative kail has
been changed into an arena of politi
cal excitement, and our party feel
ing, not our reason, has been ad
dressed. But, Sir, ar-the subject
has been, contrary to the wimIms of
the jrreat majority of the West,
thrust before this llnuse at this time,
as we are now called upon to gite
an opinion on the propriety of adopt
ing thess resolutions, let us meet the
question fairly. For one then, Mr.
Speaker, I am opposed to the adop
tion of tho resolutions submitted by
detree,-eat nine pole aoulh eleen degree,
Vi tjret plt oo.th eeoty-two decreet,
'4
'A
4';
tntv-three ooJe. to tKe aaid firtt line ol
tho n,Boeh oi Dunbartoo," thenae, with taid
ii ai ha keainninr. '
- Sea. . And bt it further enacted. That all
(ho rtu po'ert n1 priilege, heretofore
ilZaUO by lav to the aaid Corporation, and
VbMi are at thw lima alairoed and exereiaed by
n. and ahalt be exereiaed and enjoyed
fc them, within, tba bound and limit et forth
aad Ueaaribed ia the Brat aeetioo ol Uu aeU
No. S3.
herobr appropriated, to be paid out ot
in tba Treawry, aot otnerwuo ap-
fnr ImttraTlnc Pennnrlrania Arenoe, np-
oly'inr the Public Building with water, and Tor
. 4 pa'iof the wallc irom ine weirern go-u iuo
i ' Be it enacted by the Senate and Haute ofjlep
the United Statei of Aincricatn
5 Oenw attembled, That the Comraiioner of!
' lha Pablia Building be, and he i nereoy. ao-
. I AimmttmA tn nntraet. after ariviu? due
Mtiaa br poblia adrertnemeut, fo improiog
tk araoue, in the eity of WaahingtBn, leading
trota the Capitol to the Executive offioe, by pa
inc tha aentro way thereof forty-fire feet in width,
KkU n nabble atooea. or with poonded
atoae apoa tho MeAdam plan, or in toy other
nermanant manner, a tha president ot way
kad States may direst; and alio, tor tha gradu.
A.Lm. and eaerincith the best graTe! to be obtain
j .1.. .lili.ui ot said avenue, and for proper
.dI drains to earrr oft the water, for
Slu. m. the um of ixty-two thousand
dollar i h4
any aaooey
all . Jlnd be it further enacted, Thtt nn
Att tba same direotion as preteribed io the bint
otetioa, the following (uoube, and the same are
l.u iwanaetifelv. anrronriated, to be paid
at ofany money io the Treasury not otherwise
..r.tod- fa tha followine purposes, that is
r- T" -
to ay: ' 1
Ppr aoadoeting water ia pipes from tha foon
(sia, M square number two hundred and forty
,hv to the Praaideot' house and public offices,
aad tba aoaatroetion of reservoirs and hydrant,
r (hoasaod aaven hundred dollars.
Pa bringing waer io pipe to the Capitol, and
ck ooastruotton af reservoir and hydrants, and
aba purah of tho rights of individuals to the
voter, forty thousand dollars.
800.. Und be U further enacted, That the
Cnroatsaiooer of tha Publi Baildings is hereby
aatboriaed aad dreoted to contract tor the por
akaaa, dellvwy, and laying of Seoeaa flagging on
aa walk from (be western gate to the Capitol;
a tm ihl nurnaaav tha sum of seveo thousand
oaa koadred and two dollars be, and the same Is
Iwraky, appropriated, to be paid out ofany me
ter m the Treasory 001 otnerwiae appropriaieu.
Approved, May 81, 1134
., No. Si,
. kt aanaad an act. entitled " An aat to en-
larre the powers of the several eorvoraticn of
(he iHstnet ot uwamuni
aat enacteilby the Senate and Bout ej Rf
.iim mi taa iTnitf.d Stale f America m
Craarar mnembM, That the CoporaUoa of
Waskingtoa be, and it Is hereby, empowered to
afloat, aaanall. tax at the rata of one per
oeamsa aad thirtaaa hundredths ot oaa per
Mm. a tha eateaaed talao of the real aad proa
,1 estates wkbia the eity af Washing oa, assessed
. mA UlaT anr tkafiAk seetioa ot said act. or T
Dart theraof for the wsrpose and objects drsig
aatod ia aaid act, by the same officers, process,
aad means by whiea'aud Corporalioa k bow, ar
. anay karaafter be, ampowernd U aolloat any eth
er taxt and ta pay aver aaid money, when a
aoiwateo ae aiasn to saw a !- 7 "
altad Statea, aa tka saaaaer, aad within tLe tiase,
maaarmod ky tha act to whiok this set 1st np.
' !jeiBt atW taat,bdatauU.aiada ky Sa aaid
. ' Carporatioa, ekker la aolloating or paylagevcr aa
afrstaid, that men, and ia saoh aaaa, tbePreai
iumX of tha UaKad State saay proaaed to xer
aiee tka aowars reposed In, aad aon,lrred oa,
Um. at aad by the aasd fifth 1
tka
rai.ff-brtjr anJ ,) r, J MwnWhr tmabx
1 - -r-j.a1
a a
msV them, do they U reftas lhou14 U aa toag at ta
mU . aafa at rVrtaaT.asMra Tkst tha
tMuaiaa Coauksil af Alasaadria shall hava
reason that they are of too compro
mising a character; that instead of
bettering our condition, ana relict
ing us acainst those inconveniences
under which wo labor, titer would
entail perpetual etil on our most dis
tant posterity, without lor a number
of years a possibility ofany amelior
ation. I believe, bir. that II these
resolutions are acted up to in Con
vention, that hope for a season would
bid the West farewell: and for one I
am free to declare, that, although
Convention always has been my tie
hire, yet, Sir, based on the principles
here set forth, 1 am oimoscd to it.
What, Sir, are we willing to. flur
rendef up all idea of ever getting our
due, and close in . with this pitiful
surrender, even admitting that our
kind brethren of the East were dis.
posed to grant ns this crumb? No,
Sir, we should spurn it indignantly,
and say to them, we will have all- or
none. If entitled to it, wt claim our
right. If we cannot get this, we are
vet disposed to bear the ills, or you
shall redress the grievance. ?,,This,
Mr. Socakcr. is the laneuaee'bf
truth, conscious of the justice of its
claims. The other, Sir, is a kind
of huckstering policy, which I am
confident was not well couaidered by
the gentleman from Macon who in
troduced the resolutions. Let mc
not be misunderstood, Sir, as depre
cating all compromise, and rigidly
exacttne to the fullest extent our
pound of flesh. No, bir, tar from
... a. . a
it. All government is in no little
detrree the effect of compromise
W ithout it, Sir. society could not be
formed, nor protected after it was
formed. But, Mr. speaker, a com
promise to be just, should be recipro
cal; and where, Sir, is the recipro
city of this? Kecollect, bir, that
next to inequality ot representation,
the treat grievance under which the
West labor, are the rreat inconve
nience of lare counties, our citizens
have necessarily tn travel too tar to
court, and that over rapid water
courses and rugged mountains, some
of them to the distance of 80 miles.
To obviate this inconvenience, we
wish a Convention--hot that a Con
vention is necessary tn erect counties;
but the East having a majority in
this Ilnuse, will not erect counties.
knowing that 1 their vc reation will
rite the West power; r .-y,
- - It ia true. Sir, that in one Iloose
we tret a majority of TV but what a
raileth this when upon a joint ballot
there wilt still be Majority of one
vote ajainst us? It is admitted that
oneHonsc retsht covitrot the otherj
or rather1 negative tha :acts of the
1 ..
irrarvt
'Tea, Mr. Sjxaker, let na disguise
it not. Things aro cominf to Uts
pass: sectional jealous, that demon,
Has already reared bis hydra bead,
lias iufuaed prejudice Into ocf bo.
soma, ics, Bir, it has almost effac
ed from our recollections the noble
example of him, who, on all former
occasions, nobly stood forth as the
mighty and able champion of disin
terested legislation; ofitim who knew
no party but that of bis country:
whose whole life has been devoted to
principle. Yes, Sir, if he has suffer
ed his judgment for once to be warp,
ed by party and sectional feeling, it
it is high time to attempt to remove
the all exciting cause, so prolific of
prejudice. But, Mr. Speaker, I
suppose that I need not be surprized
that all, moro or less, yield to its in
fluence; for, Sir, prejudice is said to
be a monster, which every man
dreads, but which no man escapes,
and never may we expect to exor
cise this demon until, by a change of
our Constitution, we restore harmo
ny to the State, R Then, and not un
til then, will he cease to be invoked.
1 have said, Mr. Speaker, that the
resolutions proposed by my honora
ble friend from Macon, do not im
prove oor condition; that if they are
"Vl1"'! f ' U amna iiayai-- "
county erected; nhaVrrs rais fi&y-
ine more than I anr warranted in
breoma
a .... u ta. 'aajtmaamamrftl1 aaaa al a B tJ aXaB
19 rCtUT VV UPUtJUtUMl4 aiMViyiVaa a-
'- 1 lit, jar. opcaaer, nay b cbbm
sidered Bain laaguage. u 8uch I
wish to u, and such btily does tha
occasion hspirt. 1 hava about mo
no ceocea meats, and u gentlemen
take it anjsa, let them recollect that
the taottiiat their own door. Re-
move tbis,knd we will then cease to
speak of fheir illiberal cxactititit.
Yes, Sir, first restore to us our canai
portion, ai4 all unkfud feeling will
Instantly cease. Refuse U, as has
ttherto been done, and, in spue ot
all asseveratious to the coutrary, we
cannot bit look upon Uiose vrhu
withhold as enemies to our political
prosperity. Yes, Sir, deny it not,
his, and this alone, has always
created unkind feelings, dostruclive
of wholesome legislation, and oppos
ed to every thing which tends to
ameliorate the condition of the whole.
In what light, Sir can you view
he subject, which will justify the
continuance of- the present state of
things If you take federal num-
r. . a a a . a B
ben, you nave been tola in the iuciu
discourso of the gentleman from
Rowan, whose mind analyses every
thine on which it is brought to bear-
yon have been told that 3 Western
counties have a population of 1 04,000
souls in their favor, that they have
a population of 37T,315, while lh
aatern jounties have only
tax, fliat then the Western counties
pay, several thousand dollars the
most Upon any and upon every
view, justice is on our side; and yet,
Sir that justice is withheld from us;
and, Sir, as well might we expect to
remove one of those columns which
supBorts the docte- of this edifice by
argitnettt as to expert those in pow
er to surrender un that power. Ii
es,
saying, judging the future by the
past?. ' What now, Sir, prevents their
erection? Is the justness of their
claims denied? On the contrary,
can they be resisted, either upon ex
tent of their territory, their popula
tion or taxation? In proof of it, Sir,
have we not thlt session memorial
ized you? Hat) we not showu
territory as large as tome of the
States? lias not this House been
told time after time that the citizens
of tome of the counties in the West
ern part of the State bate now to tra
velfrom 70 to 100 miles to court?
Have we not been told that their po
pulation is sufficisnt, and that they
now pay a grct ter tax than some
dozen counties n the East? Why
then are they denied admission?
Why then are equal privileges s re
used them? It is, Sir, Tor a reason
which be that runs may read. It is,
Sir. because rentleiuen well know
that if many of them are admitted
that- Othello's occupation will have
fled: that the sceptre would then do
part from Judab; and it is not be
cause, as has been Raid, that it may
rail on a Herod. No, Sir, if Judah
were assured that instead of Roman
tetrarchs she were to be governed
by rulers of her own choosing,4 she
would still fondly embrace the scep
tre of power merely for a: tote of
power. If then, Mr. Speaker, un-rtcrsldTlg I rear that worse than
Sir, disguise it not; come out openly
and manly; call things by their pro
per.1 names. Say to us, that we
know you are entitled Irom any view
of the case to a change to an e
quaBry of representation; but, to be
candid with you, we have the power,
and we aro dispostt to keep it.
This, Sir, in one sense would be
manly, and might ensure our appro
bation for the candor evinced; but, on
the contrary, we have been told that
we heed , expect nothing; that our
errietances were only imaginary;
thnt we were only scrambling for
power. Why is this, Sir? Is it
not: because gentlemen think we
areactuated from tk 'satno mo
tive' which prompts themf Hence
it is that they see through the glass
darkly. .The medium of .prejudice
and jealousy which surrounds their
vision, 'l- know, cannot lm dis
pelled by any light which l.may
surd; on the occasion! Ye, Sir,
it is becorainrr moro dense, un-
enable him te
become acriualntcd with the late rest of
those be represents; aad tbt duties ufj
bit nffiretHnd ytt, sir, It should be
so short as to secure his fidelity ts
them, which wlU always be done
when be 1 dependent on their appro
b ation. I am also,. Mr. Speaker,
in favor of a Convention for lbs pur
pose of removing the Seat of Go
rrrnment. I believe, sir, that the
true Inirrcsts of the State require it
I believe that it never was placed
hereby the wishes of the people of
N. C. If you want evidence to sup-
port, this assertion, look at I he his
tory of tho dsy. Look to the evi
deuce which Is afforded you in the
manuscript journals oflT87, 1788,
1 739. Printed journals 1 cannot re
fer, you to; for most or these were
consumed with our Capitol. From
these, sir. you will learn that the
vote which placed tho seat of Go
vernnteut here by the ordinance of
87, was at that day a party vote;
that It was the vote or the East,
with the vote of the seven counties
which were then in N. C. but now
in the State of Tennessee. You will
fiud that those counties, then West
of tho Allegany, to Vour astonish
ment Voted for this to ba the sent of
Government, while a majority of
the counties of N. C proper were
opposed to IU Wo have heard much
said -about bargain ami intrigue-
Standing and management. This to
me seems to squint a little that way.
Is it reasonable that those counties.
then in this State, now in the State
of Tennessee, would have fixed' the
seat of Government 500 miles from
them, if they had calculated on re
maining in the State? No, sir, it is
not reasonable; and you accordingly
find them immediately thereafter
erected into a separate State. Whe
ther this, Mr. , Speaker, was the
understanding, I will not pretend to
say; but every iran is hit free to
make his own inferences.
w .1. a s
anateaarf.waerW w4a-e was Ac a aad a-. JX .1
aad akaaa 'exptwaa a, broad aad cfvr - ,
Mva hi their aaapait, Iar aoa baa- wkW, V.Jj, I
aaaaalay ia tkotcaalioa af Baa &r J " v i.
aaAoaTatkia hself waTfarlafTTkry ' XX ' V I
11 are aauaaa.ia m i v- 1 - , ' v
ImV.uj. .aika Uaaarf SlaSaa aaaatbiar . Z- , .W . , .1
at lha in pareaav " Wotba ropla at the U S1 V s-f J
ardaai aad wttallam iba CMitwtfam they aro t fTK. i I
anphlly rasj-ia Oa bih aaatioa aflka t- " JA i
trat Aroda, .aambigBa pasw ta Caayw af a . A
aatW tUf art mmt mnJy frwmme ) f ' i
aawari
af
Sneabaaof tha
Madisaa,!
fmrtkm waaw ay '"- awskwas awer,
IW-n." JBTtV eaaat'aiirBsH Mom-.m,
wa aaaa late Meat, a auMi.n lain i i
Mr. MaeSaaa la ary kesbra oor rwaatars.'-'Tha
Uiatary af ita aaaa toM. Soma Usaa la Dm) j
year- njo- Ma, Stevgwaoa,- tba
H. t B., buing oa a rait ta Mr. '
versation took Blase aa Ue
al phraaetia Oka Coejtitsuioa, ta aosw-
deee- and reneraj waJfara." Mr.- M.
bad as saaeh light, aad prodaeed a Biany .'yew ,
r v! . .1 . . . . . i ?
aau, .h. ina aaiovi, wa r. d, aaoaaifiiamiju
detareaiaad to write kin, aad to efcoaia kiwiewa,
lor the parpoe of laying Ihera betnre tha Poblie.
air. awiusasnapiKo-inn me saner aa aevcr .
yet aaaa pablishad'JV soon, bowaver, as w,
had read Mr. AdamsS late Kenort, to the H. of
U..watlioarht tka tana kad eome. whea air. M'a
letter ahoald ba
t
e Aad pa-;
.lliBatioa.1' h'
der the present order of things,' while
the East possesses majority in both
Houses, it is next to an impossibility
for us to have a new county laid out,
is it not fair to infer that it will be
impossible to get one when she has
only a majority in one House? For,
Sir, you will recollect that by the re
solutions submitted, it is proposed
tt give each county one Senator, and
to Bcale the representation in the
House of Commons agreeably to
some ratio to be adopted in Conven
tion, based either on federal numbers
or on the mixed basis of population
a. a ata. .aa .a
ami taxauon. it is tor tueso. rea
sons then, Mf. Speaker, that I ain
opposed td tho resolutions submitted
by the gentleman from Macon, unless
they can be amended as Is proposed
by the gentleman from Rowan, y If
amended, tliey will bate my support;
for Ibeliera, Sir, ;thit all power ema
nates tvom tho people, aud that all
legislalioav to be just, must be based
en the principle either of white po
pulation and taxation, or free white
population, including 3-5 of all oth
era. Adopt either ofthese, and I aar
8atisned.' t Reject them, and I sbaJ
always raise my voice against the
We have been asked, Mr. Spca
ker, and repeatedly askotl uay, sir,
we bate been challenged, to shew
any misrule on the part of our breth
ren of the East. We point you, sir,
to s refusal to erect new counties
wo call your attention to the method
of collecting and assessing the land
tax up to 1814. Yes, sir, up to that
time tho poor .nd barren sand hills
of Richmond paid into the Treasury
of N. 0. as much as the rich and
fertile lands of the Roanoke. Each
paid nnd was taxed by the acre, re
gardtcss of quality, Look, sir, to tho
votes ot that day,' and you will hnd
that th:s was another offspring o
sectional feeling. But, sir, apar
from all this, when a thing is unjust
in principle, as is our present repre
sentation, we have s right to com
plain of it, although no serious in
conveniences should immediately en
Sue, and, with the i mortal Hampden
to exclaim that the payment of SO
shillings does not Impoverish us; but
that less than 20 shillings yielded to,
and claimed as a right, (when none
such existed,) would make us slaves.
Yes, sir, we are-i reality nothin
but hewers of wood and drawers of
water; to our brethren of the East
and the most mortifying reflection o
all is, that while they rule 6s, they
will do not nothing to better their or
our condition, llcnce it is that N.
Cis always In the back, ground,
and always will be until yo correct
this, mistake. , '
In conclusion, I will only ask, is
it right in principle, is It Republican
for counties to be Vepresentcd indc-
pendest or population? is it just
ii" t annoiat one or store leapewtor ef To-
T-u a i a- - - - . a a V . . . Jm aaV . -.ua B a.., da" . m a Ja a 4 " a ... . t am. a a a - m -m B
Egyptian darkness will overtake our
State. But. sir, if youview the
naetiion as one of power purely,
a i .a - . '. .a ;. I . '
and; as the gentlemen wti nave 11
in that light, for argument eaice lei
it hs' so considered; and I would
then ask them to say,' whether pow.
er should not arcompany , right? If
we nave me rigui, in wo muu ui
ustice why net give ua the power;
We know and1 admit that if we get
the -one, the other follows in its
wake; but we deny that the Utter
is the object. ' We say that it is ihk
bersl in tha extreme ta impute a mo
tive of the kind: that It it uncharita
ble In a search alter motive, to take
up principle as the governing tno.
tive, When the same research would
lead you to ins correct motive. . .
I think, Mr. Speaker, that our
Constitution needs amendment: first.
to change the gross inequality of re-1 that a county, with a population of
presenutiion. vamrus uui iiiai i4,uuu souis, who n not pay money
ons man in oneseciioo ouirut io nave ienourrt : into the rrrrasurr to nav
double the political weight of another their members, much, test other con-
man. in a aitrerent secuon ot vetingcDt chSrgesI say is it just that
State. ; I an opposed to the prlncl-1 goch i county should be entitled to:as
maty representsti ves on this floor as
a county of five times its population?
No. sir, it it not: and an lone as I
have a voire in this House or in the
pie, 'as' at present, of county repre
sentation, independent of taxation ar
population. I. am opposed to bo-
rougtj representation, unless that
called forth XI
aorrtd, wbtek.woold jaatihr as pu
was tnefOa-nat miunce mum, imm Aavoaawt '
who had appeared ia favar of JL aaoteattardoo- J V '
trine wa worthy of great reapean Wa aaeor- . ''
dlngiy applied lor permMatoa to na taa tat-
tar. ar. Steveaaoa has keea aolita aaeagk ta
oad it for the purpose nf pablieatioa. It tbera
be any thing like Demonstration ia Politics, it . - ,
will bo found In thhj letter. ; H aompletely over i -. ' J
throw tha heresy, which aui Adam has sdxo f " V .
aated bt lib) report: .j.jr ... .. ,: . vV . , ;.
Montpetlier, November 27fA 1830'', '
Dear iKnlhvs received your friend -
y favor of the 20th inttant, in which
you refer to a conversation whea l had'
lately the pleisgre of a visit from you,
in which you mentioned your belief that ,'
the terms 'common defence and gener
si welfare,' in the 8th section of fhe
lint article ol the Constitution of tha
United Statei, were still regarded by
some as conveying to Congress a sub-
stsntive and ' indefinite power; and ia
which I communiBated my views ol the
introduction and occasion of the terms.
as precluding that .comment on them;
nu you expressed a wiin mat i wouiu
repeat those views in the auiwer to
vour letter. , , . ; .
' HcrweVej iluluidiaiMl-to tha iTu.cn-
sibn of such topics, at a time when it is ,
io difficult to separate Jo (he minds vf
many, questions purely constitutional .
from the party polemics of the, day, I !t
leldto the precedents which yon think
have imposed on myself, and to the
consideration thst without relyibe on
my personal recollections, which yoor
partiality overvalues, I shall derive my
construction of the passteein question,
from sources of iuformation and evi
dence known er accessible to all, who
eel the importance of the subject, aod
are disposed to give Ua patient examin
ation.
Ia tracing ihe history and determin-
in the import of the terms 'common
defence and geoeral welfare,' as found
in the test of the Constitsttoo, the fol-
owing liehts are furnished by the print-
td Journal of the Convention whict -
fsraied.it.-t' ' J ' - .
The terms sppesr in the general pro-
positions offered May 29ib as; a basis
ibr the Incipient flsliberstiom; "the first
of which Resolved that the articles A
the Confederation eaghf to be so correct
ed snd enlarged ss to accomplish the
objects proposed by their iostitutWv
nameiy; coraraoq ueiencesecanty ot
liberty aud geoeral' welfare. Uu the
day following, the proposition was ex
changed for '.Resolved that an union of
the states merely tetleral will not ae-
coinpl'uli the objects proposed bt .' the '
articles cf confederation, namely t com-
a a ' a . at aa.
mon ueience, security ef liberty and
general welfare , '
.. lbs inference from the use here
made of the terms, and from the pro- .
ceedingi on the aubstquent proposition
is, altho' common defence and general
w el (are were objects ef the Confedera
tion, they' were limited objects, which,
ought to bt enlarged by so enlarge-; ,
meat of the psrticular'powers to which-' '
theywere limited, snd "accomplished
by a change io the structure of the Un
ion, from a form merely federal to oae
parity national; and as these terms preV
fixed ia the like relation Jo the several
legislative powers in the new charter, a.
they were iu the old, they mast ' be un
derstood to be under like limitations in
the new as in the phi u ' t
In the course of iVe preceditrs be-
tweeq the SO th of May sod the 6th of
Ausust... the terms common defence '
and general welfare' as well as other
equivalent terms, must hsVe been dropp
ed: lor they do not sppesr in the dralt
of s Consut tion reported ' oa the xlsy,
by a Committee appointed to prepare
one in ueun; ine clause in wnicn taess
terms were afterwards inserted, being
in the Dralt simply, 1 1 ne Xatgisjatara
ef the United States ahall have power
te lay and collect taxes, doties, Imposts
and. excises.' , vv. r,-. -:?, , '. .
The maaner n which tat terms be
came transplanted from the old, into
the new system of, Government, ex..
plained by a course somewhat advent
titiously given to the proceedings ef
we Convention. f
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