INTERE aj IKOA RTICL E.:
By faft - Evening's MAILS.
", . . . . i ' it. ...
We are bam tn 9eing 'olu r'J
to preftnt to our patrons ; tbt '
. REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION
sQX FRANCE," ;;
-mTtTTD-met fii- r. tm-
KING,
BY THE NATIONAL CONVENTION.
PREAMBLE...
HP HE obieclcf all union of men in Jo-
X ww the maintaining of natu
rat, civil, and political rigbtt theje rtghti
ou?ht to be the bajit of the fecial. ctmpuJ.
, The acknowledgment i ani declaration of
tbsm ought to precede the conJlitutionwhkb J
ajjures the guarantee teem, ;, .. -
BILL OF RIGHTS. ".jr
Art t. Natural, civil, and political
rights,are liberty, equality fetunty, and
oppreffion ,'"
" i Liberty coniilts in the power ot do
ing every thing which is net contrary to
theright of another- Thus the exercifc
of this natural right has no other limit
than liofe which fecuie to the member
of the dims fociety the enjoyment of the
fame right
3 Every citieen ought to fabmit. to
the law which is the cxpreffion of the,
general will. Whatever u not forbid
den by the law, cannot be prohibited j
.and none can. bcconfUained to do what
it does not enjoin
4 Every man has the Liberty of ma
nifefiing his thoughts, and his opinion?.
c The Liberty of the prefs, and every
other means yf making known his fen
timent, cannot be forbidden, fufpended
cr limited.
6 Every citizen is free in the exercife
of bis religion.
. 7 Eqality confifis in the enjoyment
of the fame rights by every citizen. , (
8 The law i equal to all, whether it
9 All citizens are equally admiffible
toallappointmcnts, sEr; c people know
nojctbctrjioiiTeM preierenceinaa- pre
eminence of talents and virtue V '
10 Security confifis in the protection
granted to all the citizens, for the pre
fervatkm of thefe perfonsof. thcif for.
tunes, and of their rights.
1 1' None can be accufed, flopped, or
detained, but in cafe fpecified bv ibi
hw, and according to the forms it has
prefer ibed.
it citizens againit wnom arbi.
tration ails may be exercifed, bate the
fight torefitlthem by force i put every
aecufed or arretted in virtue of the Taw
oiigTuto obeyTl inlUrulv7He renders
himfclf guilty by.refittance.f N. B. a
soutane in ineoraer.j , .
1 3 Thofe who fulicir, expedite, cxe
cute, or caufe to be executed arbitiarj
rraenrare guutyana ought to be pa
n.ifhed. . , ..,
v 14 Everyman oughttoheprefumed
innocent till he has been declared guil
ty I if it isfoundnictuarjFjoarrcfthlii
every rigor not , reqoifite to fecure his
perfon ought to be cverely interdicted
y the law. ' . ,
1 5 Norte can be puoKhed but in virtue
of a law eftablifhed and promulgated
anterior to me crime, ana legally ap
" tt reBiba rfehriafiv in'lhe oeoolel
Each 'c&zeti Is equally eAtMed to exeir-
cife Sovereigaty. x J. ;
2l No individual, or any union, ot ci
tizen can arrogate tothcmfelves the ex-
ercuis of Sovereignty.
to The focial compact cannot exilt,
where the limits of powers are cot ex-
aUy fixed, and where agenU are cot
made refponGble for their conduA.
to- All citizens are obliged to be at-
ding to the law. .
i Mcn-united-m fociety ought to-
havc a legal means of refilling oppreffi
on, - '
1 1 There is oppreffion when the law
violates natural right , there is oppreifi.
on when the law is violated by the pub
licfunclionarics. There is. opprefiion
when arbitrary a&s violate natural, ci
vil, and political rights of citizens.
The manner of refilling oppreffion ought
to be prefcribed by the contutution.-
3 ihe .people hae tM.ngnt ot
changeing thecoatlitution.' One gene
ration has no right to fubje A o theTBS"
Uitution tuture generatims.
'-i. After the recognition ot tliwe
rghts, on which the governmen.is-taun
ded,u French nation i declaitd -to
form one indivifiturgiblic.
jc Thedivifion intor department, is
retained each-department is-ivided a
into- communes or diRntts, e,ich
commune into . muiiitipal feQions and
primary aflemblies '
fiiitotesVarC to be chofcQ at tie finis
" 1PRIMARY AaSMSLIES. :
tti the primary a(Temblie9, every man
aged j i yearahasarigh: to vote,provi.
deJ thathis name isinferibedon the civic
tablejaad that he Hall have rcfided one
year in France.( '
The pntriai y aflemblies (hall befo tnf
tribuied in each department, that none
liiall confilt of Icfs than 4000 or more
than Ooo members 1 in each of thefe a
felefl committee is to bechofen by ballot,
conhfting of a. many members as there
are fifties of citizens in the a (Terribly. :
In thiicommittee.he who has the ma-
jrity of votes (hall be prefident of the
aflembly i ihethree next on the hftGiall
be fecrefarie. The duty cf the felcfl
committetii too keep the records,1 and
to arrangeand submit the bufinefto th;
aflcrhbly. ...
r All ctefl'ons are to be carried on m
thofe affemWies. Tire intermed'n'e. or
e'ecloml aCTembliev liare ro place in,
this code. The eleclbnsaretobe made
bywhatis called adoublefcrutiny t each-'
gives in a ligned lilt tt candidates eqtial
to the number of places to be filled.
1 hele bulletins, or hits ef prefjntatiori
al they are termrd, are fert to" thead
miniftration of eachdepa'nmcnt They
felecl a triple number of thofe caai'idates
who have moll votes, and from thofe
4cntJa$!$jo ht primary aftl'moli ? a
J . C. !. iTii'! -T 1 rr: :- 1
.wsttiiis jiccuon li TnariO. cacn crizen
giving inJasbefore71!ft oftriecan'JiJates
to whom he ives his preference.
Inthedcliberauocsofthefeaflembiips.
the) fame mode is to be fallowed as in
theeicloni. Th qgeftionis to be
diaped fo ai to be ar.fwctH by a fur.ri e
negative r affirmative On the d.nv
appointed for the deeifion, each citizen
givesaiai!rw,oi flip cf paper, infenbed
w:th his name, and the word yet. or no.
Thefe are to be tranfmitted f.om the
diftricl to the department, where the
general refult is to be afcertained. 1 .
A0MIK1STR TlVE BODtK. i !
There (hall be in eachdepartrpef,fin.
cdavinlftrative council, of i nrrSer.
16 Every law which Dunifliei crimes I fubordinate agencies:' , The form-
anterior to its promulgation is an atbi-1 r re f. eontrnul the rcvenne, and to
trary aft. Every tetroTpea tSktk of I corr.fpnd wi.h the exc-r ive nwrrr
law is a crime. , . . t , . I ment. Ine inferior adrr.iuilrators ire
17 Thelaw o'uiht oolr.tomflia ne-1 Wfifn organized; ' ;
celltrv Dumihment oronnrtintil tn tfc I ne admimitrators are to be
. . ' r--r-. - I .1 . . ... -', Z "
crimes and nltful to fociety. V I W"1 primary aiiemblies, and th half
.18 The right of property ir.that ere- e&eed every two yean.
ry man may difpofe of his fubaance. I EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
V:. ..1 j I n I ri -..... .
uta Miuni mna ui i loauuiy. i . t. i ne execuuvc council m tne re
19K0 kind ofhbouror iodnftry Is I public (hall be compofd of feven gene
prehibited to citizens, who tttav hnv. I neralaeents orminifteri. and afecrta
; ten, vi nAuipurt 11 ireeiy. ; f laxy..
; , a eiuzea. -However, carmot fcll I II. There ftallU,
himfelf, his perfon not being alienabla
property. ...
, n None can be deprived of his ritnt
vi ("vvuj, wiicd puuic neceoity,
"UJ iaenny emaaJs it,
and on condition of a juft and previous
indemnity, -
n No contribudon can be levied but
lor tne public good i all citizens have a
right to alent to its elUbliftmenr.
f a j Public indruclions Is necefTary to
Em. ' , .
4 rtblicfttccoars.art a debt doe
from fociety. . .
ij 1 nc iccurity pi men ightl is an
tit of fovereignty, ,
16 Sovereign! 1 is one, iadivifible, ao'd
UnprefcriptibU.
i. 'Aminiffer oflegiflatioo.
rA m'tiftr of a -
, J. A minitler for foreign affairl. ,
4. Aminirterof publiccontributions
f j. AmiAirtercf the marine.
r), A minifler of agriculture, com
raerce and manufactures.
1 A miniaer ef works, aids, public
kflabHQjrnents, and arts. - 'I
111. Each of the Tninirters fha'J alter,
fcatlvety prtfide fn the executive council,
and the pTtfident (hall be changed emy
fifteen dayi.i Tothis council it belongs
to execute all the lawimd all the de
erees pafl:d by the legiflative bodr. ,
' The minifters are to be thofeo in the
primary affemblies, aad In the rainnef
before prefcribed. Dghl uppkant ot
time.
, The members ofthecocncilto.be cno
Tcn for two years.; The half (hall-be
renewed every year j but lhey may be
re-elected.' - . ":
The executive coancil are accounta
ble to, and cannot be members of the
legiflative body. They have no con
troul over the ntional treafury, which
is to be directed, by three commifliouers
appointed for that purpofe, and elect
ed in the fame manned Two hundred,
members are to bechofen in the legifla
tive body of whom a jury of ievenjito
audit eac account. -. r
, v - LEGISLATIVE BODV.
. The legiflative body is to confift of
-one chamber, and to be renewed annu
al y, by elecUons, in the manner before
mentioned. - -
. The number of deputies to be fent
from each department is to be newly
.fixed every ten gears' according to Uie
ijMa4VCff " UecTeafe of the population.
. rr The members of the legiflative body
(hall not any time be prolecuted, im
peached, or tried for any thing which
they may have, (aid or written in the
exeicif of their functions. ...
No propofuion (hall pafs into a law,
unltf it be firft propofed in the aflem
bly, then -referred to a committee of
thirteen, and after ths interval of a fort
night, if the time thould permit, re-debated
in the aflembly.
CENSORSHIP OF-pioPLK.
Under this head it is propofed, that
any citizen (hall have the right of con
voking the primary affembly where he
refidefc 'to confider of the enactment of
a new; or the repealjof an exhifling law.
If they agree to the proportion, they are
to addrefs the people of other aflemblies-,
.and the.wifli of the 'department thus
c-llected, is to be tranfmitted to and de
cided upon by the members of the legif
lative' body, " . - --. -.
The citizens (hall likewife have ' tVe
rihttb demand an inquiry into the con
duct of public functionaries, in cafe of
abufe of power and violation of the law,
A CONVENTION.
- A convention is to btfummohed when
eveyiny chageis madein the legifiative
bodyi In the jothyearafter the pafllng
rt the con tuunonal code, a convention
(hall be called to revife and improve.
The convention cannot hold its. fit
tings within co leagues of the legiflative
body. Ic (hall be formed of two mem
bets from each department. . .
administration of jus
'7 ' . "tice. '
' In the civil as well as the criminal
code, the trial by Jury U to be eftabliflv
el. Thejurors as well as judges are
to be elected. The former to be taken
-Qflcfrom every thundred citizens, i The
pry m cpnfltt of rtAxittarTZitpQmr;
a na ional commiflioncr, and a number
of jurymen to be fpecified.
The punilhment of death is abolished
for all private offsnces. '
There are to be two juries, whofe
TuaSions cortefpond with thofe of the
grand an 1 petty juries ia the conflitu
tion of England.. .
Judkialcenfors are to be lppointed
to travel at . fixed periods, and to try all
queftinnsof appeal....
A National Jury, confitling of three
jnrors from each department, is tQtry'
all queftinns of High treafon.
The arrcl and detenfion of an indivi
dual are qualified by a number of mil
nute r;puirions, highly favourable td
peifonall'.berty. T , " '
1 he tibertv of the prefs Is declared td
be wdpfinittve.? - ' -
Nrn can be judged either civilly or
ciiminall, on account of writings print
e or puhlifljed.exceptitOiallhavebeea
recognized and declared by. a jury,
UK wheiher there is any criminality m
be w, iting denounced j idly, whether
the perfon, profecuttd is guilty of U. ,
PUBLIC FORCE. ,
The fotes of thertpnblie. art placed
under the controul of the eiecutiv
e .uncil. The public force Is declared
to be efleaiially obedient, as r.o armed
body can deliberate. 1
The commanders in chief are to have
annual and revocable commifllon frotr;
the executive council - M
The commanders of the natJontl
guards Hull be elected annually by the
citizens he rrhdiflt i3. . '
" ftmiC CONTRIBUTIONS. 1 1
The poMietonuibntloni oughtnever
toereeed the eiigencfei of the fla'ci f
Therecanrht beeflabliflied any coal
tribotioft, whirh by in nature or b lu
mode of ex aflion, rrtiffht be fnjariou'i w
Ihe free difpofal ol propty, to the pro.'
gtefs ofinduflry, and tf cammucei, to
IhecTiculation of capitals cr might
a.. .A . 1..-, . - nt?.
coffuizel and declared bv the conflira-
liprK .. " 4
The amount (hall be fixed each vear
by the legiflative body," and cannot ex
ceed that term. . They are to be publifli-
ea annuauy. rt t'.
Relation to foreign powers. " '
The French will only take up arms .'"
for the fake of their liberty. They re-
nouuce 'all acceflion of territory; unlcft
by tlie wifli, freely expreffed, of its in-
habitaots.- . ' '. t i
The declaration of war, (hall be
made by the legiflative body j treaties
of peace, commerce and alliance (hall -t
be made by the executive council, and
ratified by legiflative body &c.
Prcfented by the members forming
the committee of conftitutiori. '
Thomas Paine, Barrere,
, Brissot, Condorcet,
Danton Geniqnne. Pe- t
'- 'TIQN . SlEYES, VeRGNI- 7
t ,aud:' v - n, , .
LONDON, February 19.
Ai LL the (hips of war belonging to
XX this kinedom. at orefent. are. tt
ail of the line, three 50 gun flaps, and
'4.3 frigates and (loops.
' len row toat pavateers have beenSt
ted out from Calais, five of which are
now cruizing in the channel, reaching,
towards the Engliftt coatt
. By yeUerday's mails fronT Flanders
we learn, that the Inhabitants of the city
of Ghent have received M. Alexander
Courtois,the agentof France with tranf
pottsof joy. -
Letters from the firft Jauthoriiies in
Geimany mention, that it is decided
there (hall be no Ruffian troops fent to
the borders of the Rhine this fummer.
The plan now finally adopted is .this s .
The Emneror is to. march all ntcfnra
ces towards France, except 25,000 men.
The emprefs of Ruffia is to prof eft the
impeiiel territories ' with 4 her troops,
which are to be ftatloned on the borders
of Germany w render hir affiftance, "
Ihould any unexpected event take place
i State of the German ; troops, A uf
tria will have in March, 70,000 men r
Pruffia o,ooo-4br the Rhine, i to,ooo.
Befides thefe, 10,000 Anflriansr Pui
fians andHeflians near Cologne. Toi
taV on the Rhine, 150,000 men. At
.uicuiuuurg, 3500 men.
' CAPTURES.
.... TJie Juno frigate, captain H00.L ar-
''.TierdajnioonitPortfmouth,
from, a cruize, recaptured ; the , Glory
brig o( Chepflow, John Benfon, matter,
of 10 1 tons burthen, aprivateer's prize,
which flie has carried fafe with her into
pors-
The Glorv briar wai tat k '
yateer at haif paft fi oclock the fame
morning. She,was laden with tiirber
for ihe dock yard, under the convoy of
the Iphigenia . frigate. A pifiol was
twice fnappedatMr.-BenTon's breafL
bnt happily both, times mifled firej
with barbarity and piratical cowardice,
anexampled In modern war, they rifled
Mr. Benfon'i pockets of 33 guineas ia
gold and filver,but of his kneebncldea
and aripped him of every thing talua.
ble 1 they thenlafhed him bj Die neck
hands and feet, to a chea in his cabin,
and put the peoplei hand and feet in
irons on the deck cut of the head of a
dog on board, and fwort every Englift.
man tn their poffefCon fhould be ferved
in the fame manner as that, animal be
foye. the expiration of 14 hours.
As Toon as the JunohoveinGghtther
rtafed Mr. Benfon and his men, and
threw the chains overboard t the form
er, the moment he had regained his li
betty, ftited the prize- miVi fword,
wiOj which he cut him to pieces, mad
his way through the crew, feverelf
three, and drove two orerthe , fidi
o the fea V one of whom was after
wards taken op alive by the cutter.. "
; The privateer bad ao mea on boar
mort or whom fpoke Englilh, though
?o the honor of this countiy, tone of
tngiua dominions. , ,
ANTWERP, February 4, "
General Domourler arrived here on
lZ f'rl tiirugh Randers.
and was fainted by the gunsofthe place,
and thofe ofthe ftips in the river, , .
. 'V 7' Advice are faid to be re
etiftj, It Ruremode It taken by the
PmOIar.a from the French, and that tha
Fr ench loft a frreat number of mea
We cannon however, afTert this as fa.
the French at that plac are far fupe
or, to etery point to the Pmfllaai.