of amon?,m:r-
*lve‘,;.wc thereby open an wre.-Mvo field o* curpioyaKiK for
pwiins itwr^THERiLL, j„„.
Cliainn.iii pro icai.
THE'romniUtceof the board of minngtr^ of the Pcnnfvlva-
nia focietv o. ^rrs anJ to \e(^onm-as reterred the
abover.;>.Mt •'» com^vrr e cone rnint’ their
tranfiictl'oiw and rh- P'Citnr l^atf of the 4.c1cry, havinj confer-
"Tcd with thofe' jrcr'lemen antTfifl'y inveu.j-arerl and confidcred
the fubjetff. their duty to offer the f'.'IiowiiM faeli and
xemaiks "'dli a view public ii>foimatlon.
jn rhef'ft'^r I' lit of the year i -a;, ihe fficiety had obtained
fubfenpownh lo an amount fulTicanr to enabie ll’.ein to open a
fatffofy* ^ be general wiilt of the manufufturing committee, at
fhjf tioie, v/a* to obtain fome cf tliofe niuclilnci, which by a
/iibffitiuion tor mattual labour, cnalde tlic molt as^icultural
.countries to manttfaftiire to very great advantage; Imt as no
thing of that kind could be tacn cbtalrivd, and as the approach
ing winter niade the employnient ot the poor a grsa*object, and
further, as the latter was deemed by many ens of the principal
ends re be cbt-aintd hy a poblicfa-ftory, they determined to pur.
chafe a quantity cf ff.i”, which they dealt out for fpinning to
between two and three hijrdfed women. Ihe manuffadluring
comirii.tLO were of cpirion, tU.at liitic profit could be expedted
from making linen, flax being worth at that time, lod. half
penny per pound, and they had t'nrn no demand for linen y^rn
for any other fabric. 7 hus circuinflanu'il, a large quantity of
linen w’arp was fpun of flax, which cod from nd. to icd. lialf-
penny per ponnd, and for fome I'mad parcel,, even nd v/as paid.
Out of thi:. thread tr.4.0 yards of linen were made wd hout much
expedlaticn of preiit, and a fufficirnt quantity remaineri to
make the chain of near 1600 ' y^rds of plain cottons, fuftians,
jeans, an^ corduroys : ot wd'.i'-li however but little more than
half that quai^tiw is yet mannfac'ur *rl. From the ze.il anti aidi-
vity of ti.e members of the iociety, meafitres were at length fallen E
on to obtain two ct'n.piete machines, one lor caiding taw cot
ton, and the other (knewn hy the name of Jenny) for fpinning
cotton yarn. Animated by tl.Is acqu'fition, the manufacturing
committee were enabled (cn the izth cf April, ly^S) to begin
the ma'-iufaifurine . f jranj, cctron and fnHi.ans, which w-.re
very fubitantial .ard good, and were eagcly bought up at the
fame piicts as the fo-.eigri, by peeole of virious circiimftances
and fituations in life, until the want of demand lor fummer
cloathing put a flop to the fale for the prtfent year.—~ i r.e
committee, however, beit g arable to procuie fo.ne ntcefiary
implements for cutting and finifliing winter cotton goods, fiicli
as corduroys, thickfeU, .and vtlvercts, have !>een oblijred caiuta-
ry to their wifhts and the evident Inierefl of the fubfcr.btrs, to
ijContIuue the manufaffure of fum.mer aitlclt j, when they iTiouid
have been preparing for the winter demand, and have thtr:-f ire
only wove 749 yards ot fedeial rib and tordnroys, .and tltefc
were all unfiuilhed on the ac>th i»f September for want of the
implements mcnticrcd above.
By the flatement of the flock or manufadluring fund on tlie
53d of Augufl, a profit appears of 721. 4s, 9 Id. though t!ie
joods fold amounted to no more titan 44SI. 5s. Ud-t. Your
committee find f 1,0m a careful examination, that the then re-
maininggi.cds mij^ht he ei|^.d to yield a profit ah'o; but
they think it bell and fafeft w form their cirnnate noon the
whole value of the snanuta^ures made at that perior..* Thty
remark thm, that goods made in the faftory opto Augnfl 2;d
to the amount of 732I. 14s* nd. have yieldctl a profit 01 y'cl!
4** 9'-1* “1* expr nces, that is to per esnr. in four months,
cr II, pt* cent, upon each operation ; far from temporary difl'cui-
tics, 01 Wii.ch fonie have been mentioned and others arc ytt to
he fla;ed,iliere have not been fales to the .i.nGur.i of the li.cle
fum of circulating money with which the committee ccinn ce.ced
theii bufiutfs, though lour,.five, or even lix optrarions n ight
be pertorn-icd in a year. 1 hus it appears that this new and un
tried but refs has, in the firfl eflay of an inexperienced but a
judicious committee, produced a profit at the rate of 30 per
cent, per anrunion the a£tive Capital.
A variety of obv.cus circumllai ces, attending this experi
ment, concur to renter the profpetlj of the o tten rnanufadu'p
much mote encouraging than it is proved to be hy the profit
abovementioned. '1 h« price g.vtn for flax was from 9d. to
lod. haiipenny, and it may now be purchaied of a good quality
of the remains of lafl year's crop at yd. The attention paid
this feafon to the cultivation of that article affords every re ion
to expeifl it will be biouel tto fd. habpenny and low-r in future
years. Already then h?.8 h .lf the raw uiateilals fallen as 150 to
100, the chain of ail the goods having been hitheito made of
linen yarn. The cotton, that has beei worked up, cofl on a
medium, 2s. yd. h-ilfpenny per p,and, and it may now be pro-
cured at zs. to 2s. 3d. a tedudion cf price th t cc'uld haidly
have been hoped for, confidcring the many lefliaints laid by fo
reign nations on the export .tion of liiatar.ich . The foutlicrn
flates, which have began the cultivation of cotton, w' 11 k.;ep it
at arecifimabie price, fi'ould it fucceed there, ai.d of this there
remains but little dcubt. Dying and calcndring heretofore c^ft
4d. per yard, but thefe ;)rcbably will be done hen alter on much
lower terms. Spinning and weaving have been more exptn-
fivc than tifry wifl be in future, foi the ladiory being partly to
employ the poor, the in.innfadluiing fommittee w ere lefs p.^rti-
cular ab. ut wages than a peif.m vsould be, who llv nld carry
on t''C bulinefs as a private occupation. It will be proper to
inforni the boa d. that iT;rtny more fpinntrs and weavers cfFcred
than could be then tinpioyed n ihe f^aSory.
It is not unrcafonable to fuj-pole that more economy of day
labour, and hfs vvafle of raw materials would take place in a
piivate mar.uiaaory than in this public one, wlv. n it is remem-
bered, that each mmi! er of the inanufaifluring comniittee had
a fcparate priv..te bufir.els to purfus. '1 his ciicumflancc led to
the employment of a peifon to attend the fale of the irocds, at
conftant wages, w hich, if the manufadtorer did it" hinifeif,
would leave an adi ilion to his profit, or if the faaory was ten
times as great, that bulin. f, might be done bv one pei fon. 7 he
Philadelphia goods cor.fidcri.bly exceeded Briiilh articles of the
fame kind in weight, fo that a great facing might be made in
the quantity of raw m.tcrials ufed. In the mern time they
muft be coniidered by every rtflidling ccnfum.er, as really worth
more money th.in European goods of the fame f neoefs, for tliat
which is heavieft will be proportionally fnbiiantial and lafting.
The price of labour having been bererofere a juft obj -dlcn to
manufadluring in the I’nitcd States, it is evident that t!ie acqul-
iiticn cf maclilnes iruft be a capital advantage. As they have
been found to yield fo h.andfcme a profit, on fo fmall a fcale
and where the manufa£lure is one half of linen yarn, which the
machines do not m.ake, fo it is very certain that more exten-
iive machines, moved by liorfes or water, and a cotton chain as
well as a cotton filling, muft encreafe the inanufaflurer’s profit
exceedingly ; and the faving of manual labour being the great
objeft,, your committee confider thefe two circiimftances as
worthy of the moll particular notice^ and that they ftiould al
ways be kept in remembrance. Water machines have been
found belt Adapted to making the cotton chain, but until they
fhsll be obtained, cotton yarn fit for \rirp, it Is believed, may
be impor ted to yield a profit direftly from India, and thu^ may
manulaiflures ! c rendered in another inftance advantageous to
foreign commtice. As the European companies carefully avo'd
tlie importation cf cotton yarn, the A.nerican merchants will
have no rivals in the purchafs of that article, which is much
more compad, according to its value, than china ware, bohea
teas, and fome other‘India goods... The American (hips from
India proper, having abundance 6f rocm,. may bring it with**
great convenience.
7’!iewant of one impleincnt. called the burner, to finllh the
jeans, prevented their appearing as fine as they really were, and •
probably occaficned a diminution of the price. This being now
obtained, the manufadfure will bring its real value, and better
fuftain a compaiifon with imported goods. Should any private
perfon or ccmp.an)i eftabiifh a cotton mgnufadory, leveral ad
vantages would be gained in the prefent ftate of things, befidcs .
the rcdudlionof flax, cotton, fuel, provifions, rents and labour.
-The carding machii e, for inftanca, which cuft leol. may now
be obtained for 60I. or lefs. A Jenny of So fpindles, which coft
the fociety 28I. can now be ptocuied for 13I. and fo of fmallcr
implements and utenfils. Weavers might be got from the coun
try on more moderate terms, and new hands, who may emigrate,
perhaps ftill lower. An evident Icfs of money arefe from the
want of a proper bleach yard, a difliculty that cannot Icng con
tinue. The workmen, except two, were ur.fkilled in the cot
ton branch, and though linen v/; avers become excellent weav
ers of cotton goods, yet it took fome part ot the time between
April and Auguft, and occafioned fome cxpence to inftruft
tbcni. Moft of the fpinners with the machines had much to
learn and little means of inftrudtiors, wliereas any number may
now be t.iuglu. The faflory was in a remote place, the belt
that offered to make the experiment, but a private manufac
turer when making a permanent eftablifh nicnt, would chufe
a lituaticn in which hisg.oods would fell quickly audto the bell
advantage.
Vour Committee being anxious to afeertain the real profits
on til?- cotton manafaifure, and wifhing toclieok their vftimate
by every method in their power, rcqueiting of two of the moft
ixperienced members ct the manufaifturing Committee (long
uisd to the cotton bufinefs) an accurate calculation of the tx-
pcncc of making a givin quantity of dive-colour* d jean with
linen chain. 7 h!s was accordingly done by each w.;thout any
comniunicaticn between them, and the particulars were mi-
r.utcly fc: down. FlaX was rated at7d. and cotton at 2S. 3d.
per pound, weaving at 7d. per yard, dyinganJ caiendring :t4d.
S:c. The rclalt of one eltimate was 23. 5d. and the other
2S. qd J pvr yard for olivu-ccloure-l Jean, equal in a|ipearance
to the Britilh quality, which was fold in tiie pelce at 3s. jd.
pti yard laft fuinrner. It muft be ohferved that the American
goods, on which the calculuion was made, ate .above half an
inch wider ard mucli h:.avier than tlic imported and that the
rates of labour and prices of the raw materials were fixed on a
niC'dium ratlicr Iiiger than would prove to a careful manu attti-
rt r. 7 his fadt muft give very gr.at fatisfadlion, as it confirms
Cthc vruth of rhofe conf.-quences, which have been drawn from
the foiegoinjinveftigation.
Your Commiftec having carefully examined into every p.iit
of this bufmefs, and thus fully ftat.'d to the board the fzfts and
cl’Ervafions that occurred to them, imprefTed with the clearell
conviv'i.jn of the importance of the cotton branch, htg Dav- to
rcconiincnci in the ftronge^ terms, the prcfecutlon of tl.is ir.a-
nutucrure by frdh fuhferiprions, urn il a knowledge and the due
fenfe of i!» value lhall Induce fome p. oper pcriuns c thcr citizens
or lorcigners to undertake tke buliuefr.
GEORGE CLY.MER, .
7EKCH COXE.
The foregring report bring read and approved, w is ordered
for publicaiicn.
JOS. B. M‘KEAN, Secretary.
[.•?'/ tki pnrtiL. i in the United Utates are reyu ftcd ti, puhlijJj the
aftc-i'r,]
EUROPE.
DUBLIN, September 13.
The town was yeflerday again a-
larmed ui h the rumour of Mures, in
addition to thofe which have already
occurred ; no Icfs than fix traders of
cmii ciice are mentioned to have clofed ;
the property loft to the creditors
amounts to many thoufand pounds.
So univcrfal a fhock to credit has not
occurred within our memory.
No lels than fix commifiions of
Eankrii p cy pafled the great fcal laft
week j a circumftance of a moft alarm
ing nature, when it is confidered how
extenfive are the connections of fome
of the parties concerned, and what ef-
fe6l it may have on the ftaple manu-
fadlurc of this .kingdom. We truft,
however, that the evil will be but
temporary, and may prove Icfs perni
cious than has been apprehended.
LONDON, Oftober 26.
The following is the total of the
Ordinary of the Navy at each port, as
made up to the firft inftant, and tranf-
mitted to the Admiralty Board at Cha-
ring-Crofs:
Deptford.—Sixteen frigates, from
44 ?4 fioops and
cutters. □ ^
Woolwich—One fliip of the Im
one of 50 guns, 18 frigates, from ^
to 24 guns, five floops and a cutter ‘
■ Shcemefs.—Nine fliip* of the line
two of 50 guns, fix frigates, five floops’
two cutters. ^ ‘
Chatham.—Thirty-fix fliips of the
line, feven of 50“ guns, 44 h\g2it^
from 54 to 28 guns, fix fleon*. ‘
Portlmouth.—Forty-fix fiiipsofthc
line, one of 50 guns, 26 frigates, ^
floops, and two cutters.
Plymouth.—Thirty-feven (hips of
the line, one of 50 guns, ii frigates
five floops, and one cutter. ’
Total.—One hundred and twenty*
nine fliips of the line, twelve of 50 guns
100 frigates, and 45 floops and cut-
ters.
Incrcafed in the Ordinary fince laft
poft, two fliips of the line, viz. Royal
George, of 100 guns, launched at Cha*
tham ; Powerful of 75 guns, paid oft
at Plymouth.
WEST-INDIES.
KIN GST ON, November 8.
The Confolidated Slave Law now
preparing by the Houfc of Afl'embly,
has, it is faid, claufes to the following
purport:—That one day in every fort
night, exclufive of Sundays, and crop
time excepted, lhall be allowed the ne
groes to work their grounds—That
thofe w ho have no ground fliall have
an allowance equivalent— That uo ne
groes be worked before five in the
morning, or after feven in the even-
ing—The carrying cf grafs and hog-
meat after dark entirely lorbid—Over-
leers not to punifli for any offence
whatever Vi th more than 39 laflics—
Book-keepers encouraged by reward to
inform againft any inf: n^^errerit of
the law—Ovcifeers allovve-l 20s. for
every child reared from the biith to
one year ; to be aliowed by the Col
lecting Conftable from the annual tax
es of the proprietor—All negroes for
capital crimes to be tried by jury at a
Quarter Seflion—None to be executed
but by fpecial warrant under the Com
mander in Chief— and no other mode
of execution to be in future allowed bat
that of the halter—Every Jury con
demning a flavc to value him, and that
value to be paid the proprietor.
AMERICA.
BOSTON, December 18.
W E hear from the North Parif
in Bridgwater, that laft Satui
day, an apprentice of Mr. James Pei
kins a lad about 14 years of age, name
Ephraim Groves, being under thc.fpir
die of a grindftonc vyhich was goin
by water, had the hair of his hea
caught by the fpindle, wound arcjvis