»AOITWO
m CABOUNA THOM
SATbRDAY. APRIL l»th, 195t
fht Cat^la CtoftS
lfTia>iKh>aJgg^
Paklbked iTerj Satvdmjr By
THK CAROLINA TIBBS PUBU8HINO CO
SIS Ba«t PctUgiww Street — Dwham, N. C.
PHONES: S-tS7S — t-Wtl — J-7S71
Menker NatlMMl Nefro Prcn AiaeclatloB
VOLUME 3*—NUMBER 1$
SATUBDAT, APRIL 19th, 1952
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tt«a or loeatiea !■ tke peper •( uaoUelted artlelea, but will strive to oonform with the wlahee of
Ita readl«( p«kUe as near as la hamaaly poMlkle.
Batered aa Seeesd Claa autter at tke Peat O ffleea at Darham, North Careliiia imder the act
«t March S. 1S79.
Natteaal AdTcrtUiif Repreaeatatlve later state United Newspapers, Fifth Aveuae, New
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Why A Shortage Of Eleinentarif Teachers?
And Returning From Koreay They Rnd Things
Are The ^me As They left Than"
In its ifisue of Friday, April 12, the Dub-
HAM Mobnimg Herald published an editorial
under the caption, “Emphasizes Teacher Re
cruitment Campaign,” in which it complains
of the serious shortage of qualified elemen
tary school teachers. The Hxbalo called at
tention to the fact that our colleges are turn
ing out “only 32,443 persons qualified to
teach in elementary schools this year” while
there is an immediate need for as many as
160,000 elementary teachers.
Referring to a recent survey made by the
Commission on Teacher Education and Pro
fessional Standards of the National Educa
tion Association, the Hebald cites the fact
that the shortage calls for 60,000 to replace
teachers leaving the profession; 10,000 to
relieve overcrowding; 20,000 to meet the
need of the increased enrollment when the
next session opens and 70,000—^the largest
group of all—^to replace teachers “so woe
fully undertrained that their retention in
service while being upgraded cannot be
justified."
While the Hsralo’s editorial did not put
its finger on just where the greatest short
age of elementary teachers exists—North or
South in Negro or white schools—^it is com
mon knowledge that because of the general
ly low salary scale, it is in the white ele
mentary schools of the South and that here
a majority of the “woefully untrained”
teachers are to be found. On the other hand,
instead of a shortage of qualified Negro
teachers there is a surplus in both the high
school and elementary fields.
This condition as it now obtains in the
schools of both races is due largely to the_
ufifati? and unequal ~ of Mgh
salaried jobs in field outside of education.
Lucrative positions in industry, in local,
state and national governments of the South,
refuse to employ even the best qualified Ne
groes merely because of color. As a result
college-trained Negroes are being forced in
to the field of education where an over
crowded condition already exists.
Here again the cost of segregation comes
high with the white children of the South
paying the price and being intellectually
crippled because of the stupid customs of
their parents that prohibit Negro teachers—
many holding Master and Doctor of Philos
ophy degrees in the field of elementary edu
cation—from teaching in white schools.
It is hard to understand how a perfectly
intelligent white person of the South will
often hire an illiterate Negro woman to wet-
nurse, bathe and otherwise be responsible
for the bringing up of bis child at home, but
recoil at a college trained Negro woman
teaching them the three R’s in a classroom.
Just why such a person would think that
he can possess this foolish concept of values
and this possession of such asinine reasoning
and at the same tiipe qualified for holding
such offices as President, Senator, Congress
man, and other positions of high trust is be
yond us. For, after all, stupidity cannot be
confined to «^y particular area. We believe
a man who is so narrow in his concept of
right that he would deny his own child the
benefit of the best training, merely because
the source of that training is a Negro, is too
warped in his thinking and too stupid for
any office of great responsibility.
The thousands of qualified Negro ele
mentary teachers would be glad to get the
jobs teaching in white public schools of the
South, and they need them. The income
they would receive would not only help
them personally but it would help the en
tire southern economy. Southern white lead
ers would do well to understand that they
cannot impoverish one-third of the South’^
population without lowering the whole eco
nomy.
Ikibny of tsAclieJCs liavB liusr
bands and brothers fighting in Korea to ad
vance democracy abroad. To deny them
employment merely because of race is a
deliberate stab in the back of those soldiers
and an affront to the Constitution of the
United States. Certainly they should re
ceive at least as much consideration as that
given the many foreigners who are now
teaching in the schools and colleges of the
this country.
The Approaching Storm in South Africa
From far away South Africa, where two
and one-half million whites are practically
holding in abject slavery nine million na
tive Ne^oes, the cry and struggle for free
dom is taking on new life. Any day now may
come an explosion th^t will shake the en
tire earth. When it comes bloodshed and
merciless killings will follow in its path as
the answer to the rankest kind of white
supremacy to be found anywhere in the
world.
On an article build,around a white clergy
man, Rev. Michael Scott who has fought for
the past aeveral years for the liberation of
non-white South Africans, last week’s Time
magazine called attention to this sorest of
sote spots in the world and says:
“In the last jew years the Negro peo
ple* of Africa have been emerging from
a state of mind that hat changed little
since the start of history. All Africa,
south of Sahara, is still governed by
tehite men. Liberia is the ditniutive ex
ception. Some of these governments—
those that have offered their Africans
education—are noto faced with the same
racial grief, the tame utuelecHve resent
ment which has led before the rude re-"~ "
jection of all the gentle things for which
the West stands. In the face of this
mounting opposition, some of the per-
nument white populations have reacted
ttnmgly. They have, in effect, set a
o» plus ultra to the march of their block
I. They have tried to preserve
status in a tort of old imperial
•qile. Their fears are human and eas-
HH understood; they have resulted in
tmpt «nd mrimfiementt that seem im-
to ttrwsQen.**
Here one gets a picture in concise form of
white supremacy at its worst. Here is a
typical case of what ails the world and what
is causing the darker peoples of the earth
to put so little faith' in the United Nations
Declaration of Human Rights. For although
white supremacy here in America, and oth
er countries where the white man has gone
with his “civilization,” is not quite so pro
nounced, the basic formula is the same.
We think the darker peoples of the world
ne^ a kind of International Association for
the Advancement of Colored People. Such
an organization would have as its purpose
the liberation of all non-white peoples of the
earth, which in reality would also liberate
the white people who, being outnumbered,
are fearful of the rising tide of non-whites
all oyer the world and are consequently en
slaved themselves.
This organization ought not to bar from
active membership whites who by their past
record are willing to go all the way on the
question of racial equality. For only in the
achievement of such an ideal can the world
hope for permanent peace and security. The
sadistic belief of men like the late Prime
Minister of South Africa, Jan Christian
Smuts, his successor Prime Minister Daniel
Malan and their American counterparts such
as Clyde R. Hoey, Willis Smith, James F.
Bjrmes, Harry Flood Byrd and Richard, B.
Russell, is leading the world straight to a
precipice where only chaos awaits humanity.
Such an organizatioh must of necessity
be originated by Negroes here in America
who, by experience, training and lack of
military power, are better prepared to en
gender faith and act as as a llason-between
the darker peoples of the'iMurth and the the beginning of days and nights of woe all
white world. Unless such am organization over the earth the like of which the world
can be perfected within the riar future, the has never seen,
approaching storm in South Africa is but
Religious Radieteers And Freedom Of Worship
This newspaper has observed here-of-late
the tendency on the part of certain ministers
and members of their churchy to make a
racket out of religion and ^e right to “frte-
dom of worship.” The condition is becom
ing so prevalent that we are taking this
portunity to call it to the attentiui of our
readers with the hope tiiat something can
be done to halt it.
We think a minigtor or It church that has
grossly misinterpreted the program of
Christianity as to send their members to a
liquor store to solicit funds with which to
promote the gospel ^ xettched the lowest
depths of mockwry. ^6en’the Raders of
church, be they ministers or laymen, reach
such a low state that they cannot differenti
ate between consecrated funds and descerat-
ed funds, we think it is time for the people
to calTa halt to their solicitations.
While we are on this subject, we would
like to pay our respect (or should we say
disrespect) to those ministers who are mak
ing a racket out of funerals. This newspaper
has been reliably informed from a soturce
in Eastern North Carolina that some min
isters are receiving from $25.00 on up to
conduct funerals. Jhere was one instance
called to our attention in which a hard work
ing father, burdened with the expense of try
ing to care for 11 children and a wile with
a malignant cancer, was donated over $65.-
00 by sympathetic members of a church
only to have the money taken from him by
the pastor who claimed that he was entitled
to it for preaching the funeral of the man’s
wife. Another instance was called to our
attention in which the pastor of this same
church charg^ $25.00 to preach another
funeral.
Any minister who accepts the call or
charge of pastoring a church ought to feel it
his responsibility and his duty to officiate
at the Uust rites of any member of his church
who dies without expecting extra pay. Of
course, there are circumstances when a
member dies and the funeral is to be preach
ed miles away when it may be necessary
for a minister to make a charge for getting
to and from the place. We ihihk, howiflT,
that any pastor of a church who makes a
charge for delivering the eulogy of one of
his members has decended to the lowest
state of a gospel racketeer. T^ paper will
welcome informatioh on such cases so that
it may expose them to put the membership
of all churches on guard against such crooks.
BY INCH OF CANDLE
BY ROSE BUTLER BftOWWE
Spiritual Insight
“TEARS OF REGRET”
By REVEREND HAROLD ROLAND
Pastor, Mount Gilead Baptist Church
“And Peter went out, and w^t
bitterly.. .’’Luke 22:62.
Life’s fair-weather scenes do
not test the enduring qualitiea
of human character. The dark
crisis is the true test of great
power. Little courage is re
quired to sail the sea when aU
is calm and peaceful. The storm
of adversity is the true test of
manhood and womanhood. Our
good intentions must be tried
in the fire. Our convictions must
stand in the foce of the threats
of the ruthless and brutal «i-
emy. Our high and holy resolves
are tested when we are About to
lose all we hold most dear be
cause of what we stand for. Our
Christian ideals and principles
are really tested lunda: the sha
dow and burden of the cross.
Peter had resolved and solemnly
promised to go all the way with
the master—yes, even to the
bitter end.
In the face of the enemy, how
ever, Peter became a weak,
fearful and cringing coward.
Since self had not b^n cruci
fied, he could not face the Mas
ter’s crucifixion. The Inmost
message of the Master had not
broken through his mind and
soul; Sacrifice, self-denial and
self cruciltxion. To go all the
way with Jesus tlte ranker self
must be subdued and mortified.
The dangers of that dark night
frightened Peter.
This is the common tempta
tion of all men in the face of
clear-cut danger and suffering.
We are all too fond of ease and
comfort: Thus w£ become crin
ging cowardsi In the critical
hour Peter failed the Master;
We all have failed him in like
courage we became cringing
cowards. Peter saw the penetra
ting glance of the Master that
night when the cock crew: At
that .moment the impact of cow.-
ardice came crashing upon him
with its terrific weight.
Peter could not stand the
sliame of this cringing cowar
dice. There, in the agonizing
loneliness of that night of de
nial, Petar choked and shook
with bitter tears of regreat.
In the dark crisis, Peter liad
failed the test. Peter had not
found the power that keep men
in the crisis. There is such a
power. It is not a power which
man can give. This is a God:;gi-
ven'power. It is rooted in, and
generated by faith in God. The
surrender to such a power Is
the cornerstone to the healing
and rehabilitation in 'AlcohoUcs
Anonymous. Like Peter the
helpless victims of Alcohol re
solve and in the crisis they^find
themselves helpless and failing.
In the crisis their good inten
tions vanish into thin air. With
a record of many failures and
bitter tears they tuhi to God in
humble surrender. Listen:. .“We
admitted we were powerless...
That our lives had become un
manageable. . .Came to lielieve
that a power greater than our
selves could restore us.. .Made
a decision to turn our wiU and
our lives over to the care of
God.. .“Weak resolves and bit
ter tears of regret are trans
formed by the moraculous pow
er of God.”
To faU a trusted friend in a
critical hour is to suffer bitter
tears of regret. Peter saw this
great truth too late. Why does
cowardice in a critical hour
bring tears? Denial does vio
lence to the best in us and in
sults our essential dignity and
self-respect. Such an act insults
the nobler self and drags one
down into the dirty gutter of an
uneasy and guilty conscience.
Denial of him who trusts you
brings a burden of remorse.
Such an act, in our sober mo
ments, brings the bitto: tears of
regret to a self-respecting hu
man being.
How can I escape these tears
of regret? By asking Go^ for
power to live fearlessly and
courageously and not l>etray
your essential sense of self-rer
spect and dignity. Hiia way
nuiy lead to suffering. But you
will never have to shed bitter
tears of regretl
Every once in awliile we hear
people motion, with dwision,
the new-fangled school progjam
with aU ®f its foobshness. Usiial-
ly they are referring to the ex
tra-class activities of the schools.
Extra-class activities were found
in ancient schools. The athletic
conhpetition, clubs', deWating,
student partlcijiMition in govem-
moit, spe!lal day celebrations,
dramatics, music, and other
types of activity closely resem
bling those in modern practice,
were the established curriculm
In Athens and Sparta. In our
schools today activities have
gained recognition amoiij^ edu
cators as a vital part of every
school program, intended to
train our Isoys and girls to take
their places in the democracy
which we prize so highly.
The value of extra-class ac
tivity in the school program is
dependent on the point of view
as to wHat the aim of the.school
should be. Even today we have
many people who still hold that
the entire aim of the school is to
develop the intellect to its liigh-
est level, without regard for the
social or even the physical needs
of the child, and to imply that
we should have thought for the
emotional development of chil
dren is unthinkable. This out
moded theory of education was
based on the belief that educa
tion is largely mental in nature
and concern, the mind was sup
posed to grow through exercise.
This theory of mental discipline,
with its emphasis on mental
wrestling, still holds in spite of
the fact tluit modern psychology
has rejected it.
The philosophy of education
in the early days of the Ameri
can nation was necessarily the
outgrowth of the customs and
points of view of the old world.
It was a philosophy of a united
Church and State, and education
was as much, or more, a function
of the Church as of the State.
The common schools were mar
kedly influenced by the Church.
This attitude of the early settlers
made for a curriculum of for
mal studies and no school life.
The five-year old learned his
ABC’s from the New EngUuid
Primer by saying “A is for
Adam-in Adam’s fall we sin-ned
all.” The program of education
was based upon training the
memory in the limited field of
classical and religious scholar
ship, and emphasized the. ideal
of the individual trained ade
quately, first for college en
trance, and eventually, for a life
of leadership in Church and
State.
During the early years of pub
lic school growth, the populstion
of this country was so scattered
that many of the social needs
that now pxiiit were unknown..
Secondary schools were attend
ed only by the select few who
were preparing to enter the pro
fessions. The industrial revolu
tion brought sound changes in
practically every field of hu
man endeavor, including the
schools. The greater opportunity
of the period extended the se
lect group until it included the
sons and daughters of thousands
who were not interested in nor
equipped for leadership in the
professions. People lifted to a
plane of well-being wanted the
lil>eralizing effects of education
for their children.
It would take more space than
is permitted for this column to
outline the many forces tiiat
worked for change, however aU
of the evolutionary forces were
wstly -speeded up by World War
r The Committees of the Nation
al Ikiucation Association were
only one of the. many which
lielped to Influence the deveiop-
metat of our school curriculum.
With the change in social needs,
purposM of the school, a more
there came a broadening of the
varied curriculum, more cos
mopolitan study body, and a
more manifest tendency on the
part of students to imitate the
Ufe of the community in which
they lived. One of the marked
expressions of the new spirit
was the prominence of competi
tive activities. Athletics was
empli^ized, debating teams tra
veled over the country, with
contests which brought the pop
ulace out, and three scholarly
judges whose yea or nay de
termined success or defeat. |
The growth of the program of
extra-class activities came as a
result of aU of this, but it did
not come suddenly, nor was it
unplanned. There are definite
underlying principles of thought
which liave influenced the de
velopment of the program of ex
tra-class activities. The first of
these is tlie recognition of in
dividual differences in children
and the necessity of a program
to meet these needs. Children
differ in every way that we have
learned to measure them, and
there is abundant evidence that
they differ in ways for v^ch
no instnments of measurement
have yet been devised. Reco^i-
tion of individuality in children
has led to an attmipt to devise
curricular and extra-class ac
tivities tliat make each develop
his greatest possibilities and ren-
der his greatest service to hu
manity.
A second underlying factor is
the point of view of the progres-
sivists that the l>est preparation
for five is living. The curriculum
plus the extra-class activities
mak^ for our best approach to
life situations in the schools.
Equalization of opportunity,,
a democratic ideal is the third
factor. We have many state
ments from great ttiinkers tO'
guide us. John Dewey in lUs
School and Society, stated that
it is tlie purpose of the schools-
“to transmit all those traits that
society deems desirable to its
future members.” In his book
The Junior High Sdieel, Thomas
Briggs tells us “It is the business
of the teacher to teach the pupil
to do better the desirable things
he will do anyway; to reveal
higher types of activity; to make
these desired and to an extent
possible.”
Today it is difficult to define
extra-class activities because
they are no longw student di
rected, nearly all teachers have
some definite responsibilities
for their organization and pro-
jnotion. In. some, cases^they are
so teacher-dominated that they
become formal and dead rather
than vital and alive. Ilie diffi
culty is expressed in our effort
to designate them properly.
Terms such as semi-curricular,
co-curricular, extra-class, col
lateral, integratory, socializing,
curricularized, super-curricular,
excular, and others have lieeR
suggested. Whatever we call
them we aU recognize their in
herent possibilities for educa
tion and demand that they be
capitalized rather than ignored
or condemned. Do you wonder
that parents in Durham were
upset when it was reported that
all extra-clast activities were to
be discontinued in the elemen
tary schools Of our City? I went
to see the Superintendent alaout
it. I WiU report my visit next,
week.
What Other Editors Saj
aaeawtatsama
ECONOMIC IMPACT
The Daily News doubts it the
South, including North Carolina,
has ever paid the attention
which should be paid to the eco
nomic effect of improvement of
its Negro citizens’ plight.
Take, for instance, the recent
declaration of the Wall Street
Journal that a whole new ocean
of business is opening up in
areas where the Negro popula
tion is heavy and that the re
sults are substantial gains for all
of us.
The Negro worker who not
so long ago made, say, $10 or |12
a week is now making sevwal
times tliat much and as fliore
employment opportunities open
up, and they unquestionably
will, the monetary gain wlU in
crease accordingly.
First of all that means higher
living standards; higher living
standards mean social and eco
nomic advancement with im
proved housing conditions,
health and education to the fore
front. ’Fhe toll which crime, Ig
norance and delinquency teve
heretofore been taking is' cer
tain to be reduced sharp^, and
what used to go into it can di
verted to more coiwtrucUve andl
further saving purpose.
But we are thinking primari
ly in terms of increased purcha
sing power and what that power
means in business and commer
cial activity. Surely the South
could exmiect to advance slow
ly indeed so long as a third of
its population remained under
paid and necessarily underpri
vileged. So long as it accepted
and tolerated such a situation,
it contributed to its own stag
nation and relatively low stan
ding in comparison with other
sections of the country. It simply
forged its own chains, so to
speak.
Business in the South has
boomed as never Ijefore, and
newly found Negro buying pow
er must be recognized as a ma
jor factor. We’ve never heard
of anybody so prejudiced, even
in the South, that he refuMd to
to ring up the Negro'i dollar in i
his cash register.
Substandard wages for any
body CMistitute a brake iqxm
Qur over-aU advancement, an
incubus upon our whole econ
omy. B^riBted -tnm Gr
boro Dally Nawi.