fACI 3-^
THE CAROLINA
"THUTO UMaitlI>LID»
TIMES
SAT., APRIL 1 19M
SEGREGATIOfllSTS CLOUDING OUR NATIONAL IMAGE
Recogniiing the Right Negro Leadership
X,\.\CP S^crftarj Roy "Wilkins ofisprves
thru Prf^ictent EiseHl«>wpr'!» ^u^^)^'stinn tltat
bi-racial Cfiiiferrnces be IieW in ihc SiM^h in
r.n clf.*ri to st-Hle s««n' of ihf civil ritflils
|)rcMni.'» luivv taciiif;' thiij area coincs hix ycar.s
too late. Wliilc we agree for the most part
that an carlirr apj>ointment of stich commit-
ti't vv.iulil have fieen better, we cannot agree
with Mr. Wilkins that it is erttirely too late
to in^tih’tc >«ch a proffram, provided the right
kind iT j«rM>ns ficr called in. So far efforts
iHuilf ill this direction have circumvented or
ciuk .vi>n'«l to si«lestep the very jiersons who
arc in f«»siti«>n to make committments for the
Xc'^ro cftmnnmity. This tyi»e of actifMi has
only cre»tei suspicion that those in control
of the rftorts or apiwintments are determin
ed t(i h;^mlpick Xe^ro representatives or select
those rtiM-are consi«lered safe and harmless.
Any lii-raclaj committee of any commtinity
that omits representatives of the X.AAt'P, Xe-
grif ministers. la!w>r and the Negro pres.s is in
for h.Tfd .sledding-. Whether certain white
people like it or nirt the X.XACP and the Xe-
s^ro jjreps are consid^e*! hy the Xegro masses,
as well as the classes, the chief g%tardiatis of
their rij^ts. W’hen they are deliberately over
looked in the appointment of a bi-racial com-
mrttee the effort already has two strikes
ayain^t it and is doomed to fail.
A concrete example of the truth of this
matter xrame a few days ago when several
j ersons were called on to help negotiate mat
ters in tlw -sit-down protest here in Dtirham.
Conspicnons.hy their altfience were representa-,
tives of the X.\i\CI’. the students pafticipitat-
inp; in the sit-down protest and the Negro
press. Just why any sensible person or persons
would conceive the idea that they can suc
cessfully negotiate without such representa
tion is hard to imderstand.
W’hat we arc trying to say was probably
better •said by Rev. C harles M. Jone.s, minister
of the Commtmity Church at Chapel Hill, in
a sermon on Sunday, ifarch 1.1. Rev. Jones
was preaching on the “Chapel Hill Crisis.”
bron.Ljht alnmt by the sit-down demonstra
tions and picketing of stores by students in
that community.
Said Rev. Jones in part:
“We’ll have to recognize that we are now
dealing with the leaders of the South. For a
loni» time, whit» l»ve selecteil fforti
nuKwig the Negro |ieofle, those with v’hom
they wonW deal ar*d called fhem leaders. Tltftt
day is tenders of the' Soufh afc
here .'ind’we wiMst nou- deal with these prr,)>lr.
During tliese last tcv» clays, an effort was
made hy a white leader to commnnicat? with
the F.xecntive Committee by enntacting what
onr present strtKttire calls “Ne|fm leaders."
It was a tragic mistake. Becan.se the leaders
they contacted to «leal with the young people
were tlie very ones who turned «lown their
reqttest for the use of the Community C'en-
ter. They ar^ nf>t their leaders. New leaders
have come on the scene. H this problem is
solved, and I think it can and should be, it
will have to be worked out with those who arc
deeply involved am! courageously c»mmitted
and not with self-designated or white-ap
pointed Negro leadership. We cannot hy-pas»
these new leaders. These young people have
longer to live than their elders. They are
more impatient. The older people have had
their spirit numbed a bit by the constant ad
justment to this humiliation, and that’s sad.
The older people, some of them, have gotten
places of security aftd that satisfies them, and
that's sad. We shall make a grave mistake if
we fail to see new leadersKi|\ arising m the
South. W'ith them We must deal—dccentfy.
honestly, as equals, fairly and jtlslly. tbcTC
is no by-passing them.”
Through the years this new»|>aper, for the
sake of harmony, has emleavored to go aUmg
with certain efforts in Dtirham, other cities
and towns in Xorth Carolina, only to discover
that about the only thing wc received for
originating progressive moves "as a swift
kick in the pants after the victory was finally
achieved. We would like to here and no/.- serve
notice on all crtncerned that frottt now on in
that we expect the N.A.^CP and this newspa-
])cr to be on the inside when ai1y bargain or
ccjmmittHient is made in the future about the
rights of Negroes.
Whether Pfesident Eisenhower's suggestion
is heeded or not heeded is not our part of the
bargain, but we do feel we owe it to our read
ers to know and look into any effort oa jiart of
Negro leaders or »o-c»lled leaders to chart the
course or destiny of Negroes on the question
of their civil rights. 'l'his,.new’spaper'g phone
numbers are .^0671 and 2-291X ,
LABOR AND THE NEGRO— VIII
Bias No Looser Private Concern
Like Pilate, thrLittle People in the Middle Must
rake Stand on Protests, Fla/s Gov. Collins Says
on the March in South Africa^ ^
Bdilvr's Mat*: Pallowtnc b^k
Mccr|il» fr*m a rm>
eli* bro*dcast mad* oa -
March 20 in Florid* by Gover
nor Leroy Collin* on th* lunch
counMr t*monttration*.
, . . What is the legal situation
about these so^alled deihonstra-
tions?
« • *
Now under our free enterprise
system and under our laws a mer
chant has the legal right to se
lect the patrons he serves. And
certainly he is going to be pro
tected in that legal right.
The customer, of course, has
the le^al right to trade or not to
trade with any man' he wants
to—and, of cour^, there is, the
•iW
pie' shoufd b6 protected ni that
right, too.
Suspension of the 151-year-old “passbook
law” ^y the South African government tvill
not be enough to abate the storm that is now
raging in that country. Only complete free-*
dom for the mpe more non-whites
will stave off even a greater catastrophe than
that which occurred when South .\frican policy
opened fire fm native demonstrators last Mon
day at .Sharpesville and I.aiiga, killing fi© per
sons. Like all oppressors, South African
whites have not yet learned the truth in the
statement that physical force is poW'erless
^\ilcn conironted with a religious conviction.
Xon-white world opinion wilt pay Httle M
any attention to the statement of Premier
Hendrfck Verwoerd that .South African offi
cials ari- Chri.';tians and that they attempt to
do what is right. If Premier Verwoerd con
siders it cither Giristian or riglVt to ofder
policc tu open fire on unarmed demonstrators,
killing 80 of them, he has his own interpreta
tion of the two words. Oiliy the Soviet Union’s
bloody murder of Hungarian demonstrators
outstrips that of the Union oi South Africa in
horror.
There is a point of development in the af
fairs Hi mankind when the oppressor’s yoke
becomes so heavy and painful that the oppress
ed assumes a ffuicidal attitude and throws
cautibn to the wiryi. Qnce that point is reached
hell Imtli not fury that can equal it. Half a
Toiif will not sati.>ffy: only complete freesflom
for South Africans of all colors, creeds and
races can now remedy this infection that has
befn raging bentath 4lie, surface so long.
We predict that 5io»th -.African officials will
reh»rn to the same old, stand and attempt to
do business under the same oldi'{lattern of
apartheid or total segfegatk>ii as tisual. There
are no fools like white-supremacy fools, and
they will stop at nothing to continue the stat
us q»K>. Tl^e »liere fact that Justice Minister
Francois Erasmus has stated that the suspen
sion of the passbook law was ten>porary is
evidence that the South -African whites intend
to talk and do nothing abowt giting complete
hnman dignity to the non-whHes in that cotm-
try.
We predict further that unless world opin
ion and the United Nations can intervene,
blood will flow in the Uwort of South Africa.
This time it will not be entirely the blood of
non-whites but blood. This is that nation’s
hour of decision. Historians will write it as
the hour of its new bfirth of ffeedf*tn.
• But I want to call jour atten
tion that the right to demon
strate is all cases is limited ^y
the fact that if there is any clear
and present dangpr that that
demonstration will incite public
disorde.r, it is unlawjtut. Anl, of
course, a situation of tliis kitjd
could bring about that kind of
condition Jn one community and
not in another.
0 « •
But actually, friends, we are
foolish if wc just think about re
solving this thing on a legal ba
sis. In the first place, our mer
chants have much involved so
far as their business prosperity—
not to have racial tensions of
this order.
Boycotts can be extremely
damaging and will be extremely
damaging to their businesses.
And, of course, any racial ten
sion brings about depression in
businesg and depresses genefally
the business spirit of any com
munity.
SPIRITUAL INSIGHT
And so far as I am personally
concernod, I don’t mind saying
that I tlwnlC -UH]i.if a m^ has a
department, store and .invites
the-public generally to comi into
his department store and trade,
I think th.-n it is unfair and
morally wrong for him to single
out one department thongh and
say he does not want or will not
allow Negroes to patronize that
orte department.
Now he h.is a legal right to do
that, but I still don’t think that
he can square that right with
moral, simple ;ustice.
if :■ •
Friends, we must find answers.
There is absolutely nothin,' that
can aid the Communibis more at
jn eftabli^'ne ^Mj^re-
macy over the tJnited States —
and that is thoir ambiiion—than
racial strife in 'hts tou ’trv.
I made that staten''prt the
other day and somebodv taid to
me, “Yes. I th.nk you arc right
about that. We understand how
that injures our nation for the
word to_be pawed along about
our racial strife, but alPlluT
could bo eliminated if the color
ed people would just stay in
their place.”
Now friends, that’s not a Chris
tian point of View.
That’s not a democraili point
of View.
That’s not a realistic point of
view.
We can nf'ver stop Americans
from struggling to be free.
Wo can never stop Americans
from hoping r.nd praying tiiat
some day in some way this ideal
that is imbedded in our Declara
tion of Imlependence is one of
these truths that are inevitable
that all men are created equal,
that that .somehow will he a re
ality and not just an illu.sory dis
tant goal.
How are wc going to work and
what are we going to do?
Next week 1 am going to an
nounce the appointment of a bi-
racial committee for this state
to succeed the so-called Fabisin-
ski cBmmittee which has been
working with race relations, but
you will recall the unfortunate
loss of Judge Fahisinski.
And I want local x.mmittees
formed in this state. I appeal to
those communities — all com
munities — here and now to
establish among your citizens bi-
racial committees that can take
up and consider grievances of a
racial character and that can
honestly and sincerely and with
a det«raiin«ii «|ort try to find
solutions to these difficulties.
Now that fact that your com
munity has not had any difficul
ties should not deter yu'i in mov
ing to form this committee be
cause sooner or later you will.
We are confronted with a great
need in our Mate to intelligently
and reasonably act and to do
that T intist havd the cooperation
of the people.
About tv/.i ytars ago the dis
tinguished playwright, Robert
Sherwood, wrote a play for Ro
bert Montgomery and it was pre
sented on television. The Title
of it was “The Trial of Pontius
Pilate.” The title intrigued me
because I had always thought of
the events St those fateful times
as working around the trial of
Jesus and I never had thought in
tcnns of Pontius Pilate being on
trial.
And they did •;':e to it them
selves. They crucitied him
Friends, we’ve got mobs be-
ginnin.t; to form nov/, in this na-
Corttinucd from page 6
l~4ltor'j Mots: Tkb' U lira
•ighih and final insf-tllncnt iii
a scrl*s of artklet rl-altnir with
th« rslattomhip ol* orfaniwd
labor and Hi* N«gro wofktr.
The article was prcicnted by
Herbert Hill, labor expert.. arMI
first appeared in Commantor/
magazine.
This is not the only obstade
the Negio wOTker faces, of
course. Because there i.s a dis
proportionate concentration of
Negro workers in tbo ranks of
the unskilled and semi-skilled,
there has already bocn' a iiigh
rate of Negro displacement and
employment as tho rasult of auto
mation fTnd other technological
innovations.
Periodic recessions, too, have
had a devastating effect on the
Negro community; during seve
ral months in 1958, non-white un
employment was more than two-
and-a-half times as great as un-,
emplpymenl among white work
ers. Inevitably, then, in tho face
of these development?, and the
continuedf inability of the AFI/-
CIO to curb discrimination in its
i;anks, the Negro worker has turn
ed to governmental agencies,
and to the cotirts, for protection.
In several cases, discrimina
tory unions have invoked the le
gal doctrin* of “voluntary asso
ciation” to justify their exclusion
of Negroes. In the Wisconsin Su
preme Court, for example, the
Bricklayers Union in 1906 chal
lenged the Wisconsin Industrial
Commission’s recommendation
that it admit two Negroes to
membership. The court uphctld
the union; it declared that
“membership in a voluntary as
sociation is a privilege which
may be accorded or withheld, and
not a right which can be gained
and then enforced. The courts
cannot compel the admission of
an individual into such an as
sociation, and if his applKation is
refused, he is entirely without
legal remedy, no matter how ar
bitrary or unjust may be his ex
clusion ...”
NEW LAW EVOLVING
Nevertheless, the body of law
that has been evolving over the ,
last two decades has tended to
forge new protections for the Ne
gro worker. In these ca.?es. the
principle of ‘Voluntary associa
tion" has been no defe'.r.s to tlie
Aarge t/t racUrirflScflnlin^itftil. ’
,In the 1958 case of Sam H. Clsik
V. Norfolk and Western Railway
Company and Brotherhood of
Loc(Hnotive ’Trainmen, a Federal
District Court granted a perma
nent injunction preveutng the
union from halting promotion of
Negroes into certain job classifi-
cations; the Nngro pjalntiff£ were
also awarded compensatory dam
ages.
In a case Marcl.. C.iphant
v. Brotherhood of Locomotive
Firemen and Enginemcn, the Su-
■preme Court refused to review a
ruling of the Ctreu} Court in
Cincinnati, which vr.held the
imion’s refusal to admit Negroes;
but the Sunreme Court clearly
hinted that it would welcome re
viewing, in some other cases, the
basic constitutional question:
whether a union has a right to
respect meml)er8hip bccause of
race.
Negro workers have placed so
many of lliel^ hopes in the eaikrt^
and in slalt* anil local fair 1^-
ployinotit Practices (,'*nimisiii#iA,
bccause organised labor, seems
mcapablc af overcominfi its habi
tual discriminatory praelicen. On
t!io level of the small shop and
local union, the traditions of
discrimination have often been
institutionaliwd. A form , of
caste psychology impels many
workers to regard their own posi
tions as “while men’s jobs” to
which no Negro should aspire.
These workers and, often, tbeir
union leaders regard jobs in
their industries as a kind of pri
vate privilege, to be accatded
and denied by them a they see
it.
Often, Negroes are not alone
in l)eing barred from such uniohs,
which attempt to maintain an
artificial labor shortage. This is
especially J’ue in the building
and printing trades, which have
much of the character of the
medieval guild. On the local lev
el, the inertia which sustains dis
crimination is to be found among
skilled workers, in big industry
as well as among craftmen, and
in the North almost »s common
ly as in the South.
LEADERS DUCK ISSUE
The twtional labor leadership,
for its part, indignantly explains
that it is besieged at this timej
by too many enemies to risk in
ternal conflict over dlscrisdina-
tioA. ’The presence ot a Republi
can in the White House since
1993, the Congressional expo
sures of union corruption, indus
try’s more aggressive attitude in
the last two years—all of these
have caused labor’s leadership to
adopt a defensive posture. With
in the larg|C unions, automation
and technological progress have
stimulated *ew teijalons between
skilled and' unbilled wor^rs;
the .struggles between milons in
various jurisdictions, and itt va
rious parts of the country, con
tinue unabated. Because of these
pressures, the very AFL-CIO
leaders who oppose bias in other
institutions *have been reluctant
to combat it within the labor
movement.
“We don’t want to be tcffn
apart,” is their argumeni. They
fear that any militaut decision
to, ban discfiiainatiflB.
how gradually AT"was' applied,
would split the AFI^^CIO wide
open, and thus weaken the liber
al cause.
flowever, for the Vftgro seek
ing employment, unton discrim
ination is a cruel fact which
these other consideratk>ns can
hardly be expected to make eas-
iOL-Cliyeo union control o# the
hiring process and of aiMwentice-
ship programs in the buildins
trades, the printing trades, on
the waterfront, on the railways,
and in so manv other industries,
labor bias is no longer the pri
vate matter of a “voluntary as
sociation”—Of of a “wuasi-sover-
eignty,” ati Robert M. Hutchins
describes American labor, today.
Such disorimmation is a funda
mental social barrier to tht
Negro, hardly less seriotis than
segregation in the public schools.
The intervention of the larger
community may, it seems, h«
necessary to remove that IwnrUr,
HEALTH HINTS
By REV. HAROLD ROLAND
The Negative Vote at Wake Forest College
The ncgati^ vote of Wake Forest Colleg«
tindcrgraduates on the question of admitting
Negro students to that institution is about as
we e^>ect«-d. In fact, the 282 students who
voted ^ admit Xegroes out of a total of 1*..W)
studeijj^s who cast ballots was a little better
than we expected. We have long since learned
that tfie last place to look for Christianity
16 in * so-called Christian church or Christian
PutptaM cvcfy btwrday at iMrtaa. N. C.
kf MiMMrs. IM.
L. S. AtWHN, PoMlAer
K. E. MBMKMf. CMMter '
Prisdlefoew leiMtHlS E. ftttlfrcw SI
MiTl: 3-ttU
mm mumr #
chwrch-rehitrd institution. Especially is this
true when it is a matter of the mernbers of
such an institution accepting Negroes as bro
thers.
The Christian church has always lagged be
hind when it com« to advancement, whether
religious or socidl. A concrete example of this
truth is founl in the fact that the sports and
theatrical worlds have been able to accept
Xegroes for what they are worth while the
Christian church is still the greatest Institu
tion of segregation in (he United States.
The negative vote of the Wake Forest stu
dents means nothiing. Before another five
years roll around N*gro stHcients will be ac
cepted in roiitine order at all edticatiotia? ih-
stitutions, whether church or state. They will
be accepted not so much because the trttstees,
faculty or students want it that way b»it be
cause the h«wir his. eome stKh ehftngt, and
the dams of-prp^lirHce, hatred, otttniAded cus
toms and ftMires give way to the onrush*
ing tidtf of right, truth and juaticc,
(Continued on page six)
Tl|9se Who Stand Alone for Right
In Company with Heroes of Past
"Th* crowd joined in attacking
th*m . . . Aett
The crowd can be easily till
ed into a raging inferno of^ a
destructive, emotional explosion.
We must never forget the fickle
ness of the erowd. The clever
designs of evil men can so easily
turn the mob isto a riot or a
lynch party, 'the greedy men
whose play house had been brok
en up by th6 preaching of Paul
and Silas poisoned the raind of
the mob. They cleverly turnid
the mass hysteria of the mob' to
advance their evil schemes
against Paul and SilaS.
This Is One of the Oldest tricks
of the oppressor when his evil
privileges are threatened. Yes,
ke polsohs the mass mind for hjs
own evlf plans. The greedy gang
in t’hillippi used the ficklenesss
of the mob to get bac£ at Paul
and Silas . . "tlie ci'oWd joined
In altackhig them ...”
Aay clever atratcgist 1b evil
can exploit the ficklencss of the
mob for evil purposes. We must
beware of the pitfalls in the
mass mind. The crowd seems to
be for you today and against you
on tomorrow. Thus wc must keep
our balance amid the surgin;
tides of human emotion or feel
ings. Take the praises of men
lightly and you won’t bo too seri
ously disappointed by their hos
tilities. •
Yes, we all must take the flat
teries of men with a grain of
salt. Walk the way of right and
truth and be not too easily sway
ed by the praise nor the blame of
men. There i^ a safety: THE
RIGHT WAY. And we can stay
in this way with a sense of honor
and duty. Walk, this way in the
main, guided by the golden rule.
It will save you from the disap
pointing' shocks of the fickleness
of the crowd.
Right will abide beyond the
rafing fury of the wrecklMs mob.
In the cause of right we may
bo called upon to suffer the pier
cing, hurting darts of the insult
ing mob. Do right amid the rag
ing mob. Stand for what is just
in the face of the angry milling
m(A). And when the smoke of
battle has cleared what is true,
honorable and right will be vin
dicated.
Paul and Silas suffered much.
They were arrested unjustly.
They were physically marred and
mistreated. They suffered from
the hands of the police and the
courts. Right was made tr^m-
phant beyond the confusion of
the howling mob.
Too many of us are afraid to
stand alone. These daring man
of God stood against the mob
and the evil men who moved tho
mob against them for their own
selfish purposes. It is wonder
ful to have the good will of the
crowd. But if you must lose your
Continued on page 3
BY
Dr. ELDEE L. BROWN
Chiropractor
LittI* Strokes — Th* American
Crippler
What is a stroke? It is a brain
injury caused by a sudden inter
ference with the blood supply
to the brain. This interference is
most commonly due to a clot,
leak, or hemorrhage. Such, inter
ference can result in symptons
like partial paralysis «r ditticulty
in speaking. ^
A great number of ,:eoplc suf
fer what. are termed “little
strokes,” from which they fully
recover and go on to lead long,
useful lives. The little strokes
sometimes h.'.ve minor and ra
ther baffling symptoms. The
person suffering such an attack
may experience a thickness of
speech, dizziness, or numbness of
and arm or leg. The symptoms,
may be so slight as to be hardly
recognizable. Little strokes com
monly occur in persons in their
fiftitj or sixties: at times, even
in tht* later years
It is not g#n^ra]}y ?«;?ofnl*ed
that even younger persons often
suffer little itrokes. Such aitacks
tome to persons in their 30’s and
40’s, too. In many instances, the
little stroke serves aa a warniae
and helps tha parson to avoid
fatal attacks.
Person most susccptlpble to
strokes in their yotmger yoan
are those with high blood pres
sure or those who have suffered
a heart attack. The younger per
son' who has had no previous dM
ficulties might not even know
he had experienced a small
stroke.
Because of the minor natiu'e
of the symptoms, they are hard
to diagnose. A little stroke might
occurc as a brief moment of con
fusion, a passing dizziness, a
thickncss of speech tor a few
hours, a sudden stomach upset,
an arm that becomes weak and
then completely regain its vigor,
or temporary numbness of one
side of the f'ace. A number irf
ailments may be confused with
a big or little stroke because tike
symptoms arc similar. In both
cases, prompt treatmrnt is called
for.
A healthy nervous system,
with each n.->rve carrying out M*
proper funct.on,- is the best in
surance against strokes, big or
little. It is the special field of
the doctor of chiropractic to
maintain a smooth working '^ner
vous system free of any nerr*
irrftation. When there is no in
terference to the transmission
of vital nerve forces ta the brais,
especially in the case of strokaa,
such difficulties are nei IlkMf'tft
occur.