Newspapers / The Carolina Times (Durham, … / June 24, 1961, edition 1 / Page 2
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THE CAROLINA TtMBS PMS :-A>-$ATUItDAY, JUNI 14, INI DURHA'.y N. C. . y, I ,|„—w... INI.. ... .1.1 ... II I , CoiRpliinc«, Avoidince or Defiance THEIR TEMPLE OF HATE iS TUMBLING DOWK \N’h«i ih' Pearsall Plan was passed b)' Ac ■^Kda! session the North Carolina Genera! As'embly in 1955, this ne\\ S|>apcr predicted in aii editorial that time would pruve it to be oae df the molt vkto*s instruments ever concocted in the mifids'of civilized men to avoid compliance with a law or set of laws. Slowly but surely, Nepro leaders of North Carolina are now beginning to awaken to the fact that instead of being mistaken in our prediction we were exactly right. AN'hen Col. William T. Jojuer appeared be fore the General Assembly, it will be recalled that he assured its members that passage of the bill would limit the admission of Ne groes into the white public schools of the, state to about one-tenth of one percent of t^e total Negro school population. After two or three years he stated that the delays which the plan permitted would assure North (^aro- Itna of even less than the then estimated one-tenth of one percent of Negro pupils in white schools. In other words, Col. Joyner foresaw the tremendous cost, the repeated delays and other handicaps which the bill allowed as being so burdensome to Negro parents and tfceir children that they would eventually be come discouraged and abandon their efforts towards integration of the public schools. Thus, instead of open defiance of the U. S. Supreme Court ruling of May 17, 1954 order ing the abolishment of segregation in the public schools. North Carolina by avoidance would be able to claim compliance with the law. * * * * It took only a few weeks following the special session of the General Assembly for the members of the boards of educatiog of both city and county schools of the state to awaken to the fact that in the Pearsall Plan they had been given a safe refuge from real integration of the public schools o{ North Carolina, and one by one, they began to take advantage of it, apparently with organized understanding that the larget cities of the state would carry the ball in whatever ground was given in this state’s avoidance of the law by token compliance with the law. The Supreme Court decision of 1954 in the Brown-case plainly staffed; i "Separate edwationij lacilities arc entlr Bntfpal. 'tlwrdFe^ we hoM A* whom tiM •cdom Wen broagbt tM, by rMMii off the aegt«gafion complained ot, deprived of 0ie c^^inal protection of the )«¥ra iwmnteod bjr the Fdorteenlh Andiend- . la-aa attempt to set iorth how_it5 xkcision should be administered, the Court ruled in tbt second Bro\\n case: ooMt wdl reiiiurle that the delend- •kita make a prompt and reasonable st^rt towards full compliance . . . The cases are to tiM ifiatrict eoorts to take such |S and enter sdch orders and de cree* widi this opimOn ... To a^mit |o poUfe admola on a racially non>di#crimina> tory hasjs with all‘ddiberate speed the par. be reassicAeH • . • * Thus, upon the backs of "he piTtiKb or guardians of Negro children the staie of North Carolina has placed the full respon-.i- Ijility or burden of seeking reassignnKnt. Not only has it done this but,a careful rending of the language of the assignment acts wiU disclose that not only are they hardly under standable to a person of average education but to those of advanced college training. It, therefore is not hard to picture the problems which now face the average Negro .parent desiring the very best education for his oi her children. Instead of encouragement and assistance from the^leaders in education of the state, every conceivable barrier possible has been placed in their pathway. » * 4^ * * In spite of it all, and the efforts of the Board of Education to keep secret the period to apply, 130 Negro pupils in the city of Dur ham have requested reassignment this year. Although the number is less than the 225 whc applied in 1959 and the 205 in 1960, when the statistics of reassignment in Durham are re viewed (14 admissions to white schools out of 4.30 requests), the prediction of Colonel Joyner—that the Pupil Assignment Act will in time so confuse, discourage, frustrate and demoralize Negro parents that integration will in time die a natural death at the hands of the very Neg^o parents themselves—rings with the truth of a .«icrtd prophet. Negro leaders of Durham are beginning to view the overall picture of integration of the public schools of the state with a degree of misgiving and distrust of many of those holding high public office who, imder oath, have sworn to uphold the Constitution of the United States. They are begin'ning to doubt their integrity and their sincerity. Along with this there is a ground-swell of impatience taking place among the younger element of the race. These youn^ people are beginning to ,doubt and to question the claim of their elders that there is a measure of honesty within the i^nks of North Carolina offical- dom. l|l * « * When it conies to achievement in business, education and indlistiy, the Durham Negro ik une)aalled by those of his race anywhere in tt^Vnatfo*. in fatt,. Durham Negro owns and cmtrtts 'jtlffe tailgesit' home-owned ■financikl in^|t^tiii^n jpf Here is lo cated one of.ihe .»taiie^ tbsjor educational in stitutions. Here the Dtrriratn Neg^o awns more homes per capita Urtti 'WiyWHfere else in the state. Despite thii nrtfoiifiS'oT achievement, the Durham Nei;ro is istj^f treated as an “out sider." He has no membership on the local Chamber of Commerce. His children are lar gely barred from obtaining the best educa tion avaihable in the '^ufllc ^fiooTi. He Tias been nnabte to daim the advantage of a technical education now being provided by the newly, established itidustrial education cen ter, a facility, which, incidentally, would not have been located in Durhajn had it not been for his political support. We realize that the. number of educational degrees, tlh'ifc size ol ia bftik account or other ^■ctiUural advantages liaVe nothing to do with oi-, vvhet^er a man is entitled law. And though nopiic Md dfarectH tb pin^ fcar aaaigjftrteat ko a poUic sclirdol ■cfcfld reridfaif widiin die admini- •nit . . . Each eotmty and city Kaard adtallaii tBd^e assifUmtats ... a* as to proiride ... for the effective iMtniMtkia, lMhlll^ aafety, and general wet* Csa« of the papls. Each board of edocatkm aaay adopt aadi reaaom*le ndea and lariaaa aa ia' the opinfoiB of tha board 'HIm parit or guardian of any chBd ^ ,. who (a ilaaatisfied with the aa^gmiMtil ■sada by a board of edacation aiay, wMAs Mdaya ... apply in wiMnc to the board of •iaMiea fior the aaaicnmesit of the (Uj to a dKeniist ptAKe acbool... If the appli- oAiaiB for roaadKmnent b Aaapprored^ tha ef odacatiaa ahdl give notice to the iMPMaat by registered mea, and the aiay wid^ S days after rtalpt of MA aaliea apply to &a board for a liar- iW . . . If, at Ihe hearing, ... tha dkm fhli ttMt th* raasaigBmort of H» dMM . . . ka far |Im» beat {atanaatk «f lla dUML and not ioterfcra widi A* Kiipiy lift nil Iiii^a of tha school, or whh Irflh Hw prapar laafr»ctie« of die popfla 4kMlad^ aad wfll avt aadsa|wr tha Mb m Mfctr dttiWk Hm« m- Ml fl»WiM«iili mem iM ih| tftti eirtHlHa6i?e the extretnity of the sitijation irt Du^aAi. , We ask b6th white atii Negro leaders in Dnrhwn, wh'trt do go from hefe? What would a liomal peopte with less culture, re straint and dec%ricy do uhder similar circum stances? The answer is plainly seen in Ala., and Sttssissippi where city and state officials and dtizeits jail and beat freedom riders for exertising thMr constitutional .rights. What will b# the answift pi the burham City and County Boards of Education in the case of the liO Nfegro pupils who have this yeai" asked for t^ssig^nttient in the public schools of this unhaj3|)y tity that is §o void of courageous and progressive leadership. Will it be another cast of Avoiiiart’ce or ^ottlpliance” by a con tinuance of token integration? IN THE .‘.‘FREEDOM RIDES” Federal Law Comes First •bir. (From th« I.U.D. Bultetin, June) The moral'Ifi'^Ument for equal rights has b^n stated time and again. That argliment is rein forced a hundred fold by devel opments in ' '6^r fast moving world. AmerWi*'cannot meaning fully preaclr‘'h'eedom, liberty, and equal ri^Kts throughout the world while'' dienying them at home. At issue in today’s civil rights fight lies the future of freedom itself. Democracy cannot be s half-way house if it is to succeed in its world mission. Civil rights involve the dignity of many. The millions of Ameri cans denied these rights, or ac corded them in half-measure, cannot forever be expected to remain quiescent. It is after all a hundred years siMe slavery was abolished in this.nation. The PresidAm of the United States has caHed upon the people to reaffirm the\ principles of equality w^‘^K^hive made this nation the leadea of the free world. These priiciples requirp that every citizen 'lhall have the same rights as eve^ other. The Constitution of the United States ' does'ribf piOTaTih'^t ffie rlgHtfi' of some citizenjL^SlRill be more equal than the rights of others. The Supreme Court ruled as far back as 1945 that segregation in interstate commerce by the states is in violation of the Con stitution. It ruled last December, that segregation in restaurants in Richmond, Va., interstate bus station is illegal. These, and other rulings of the Court, are now the law of the land. Supreme Court decisions and the Constitution are important in themselves, but are given meaning only in life itself. In ex ercising their legal right to de segregated ■ travel, the “Freedom Riders” have done the nation a service since, they have sought only to carry out the intent of federal law. When the “Freedom Riders” were met with mob violence in Alabama, it was the mob that denied the Constitution and the law. The “Freedom Riders” broke no law. In the light of this, the Alabama district court injunction against them punishes the law- abiding and denies theifii rights because they were the victims of unlawful violence. In Mississippi, “Freedom Rid ers" have been jailed because they entered waiting rooms seg regated by state law. This state law is clearly unconstitutional. True, the alleged charge against the ifiilerS WBTeaCll 6f the pefice.. But in refusing to leave the seg regated waiting rooms, the riders were within their constitutional rights. But ordering them to leave, local police in Jackson ere in violation of federal law. Beyond the issue of civil rights In the case of the “Freedom Rid ers” lies that of the primscy of the Constitution and federal law in areas where state statute is in contravention to them. If the Supreme Court can be defied with impunity on the civil rights issue,, so can it be defied on other issues. As or ganized labor well knows, it would soon be a victim of such defiance. Uiilon iVi^m'bers have a big stbke in the primacy of fed eral law because If it can be de fied, so will their tight to dol- leetfve (ni^aitilng. Business has a similar stake- since modern industry cannot exit without the protection af forded by federal law. Freedom of \speech, assembly, religion, and of the press exist because of constitutional guarantees and they must exist for all or they will b« denied on an evet larger scSle. The alternatives to effective federal law in constituti6nal areas are not pretty to cohtem- plate. That which contributes to denial of the primacy of federal law weakens the foundations of the nation. The Kennedy Administration has ih6M "Ofil 11 will move forcefully in the area of civil rights and that it will not tole rate lawlesslesf. Its job will not be easy or always politically pleasant. The great principles in volved, however, leave little room for expedience or temporiz ing. S.TEST FOR DRIVERS What'tha Know Here’s a popular feature orl- Suiated by the Stait Department of Motor Vehicles to test your knowledge of some safe driving practices. See how you rate. Thq best drivers ought to manage at least 14 correct answers. You have three choices in each ques tion. Mark the one you think is right, then check the end of the column for your scofe. All set? 1. If you’re driving along at 25 mph and speed up to 50, the c a r's braking distance is in creased approximately; (a) four times, (b) three times, (c) twice. 2. At 50 mph a reasonably safe distance at which to follow the car ahead is: (a) three car lenghts, (b) four car lengths, (e) five car lengths. 3. The kind of driver yop are depends mostly on: (a) theT speed with which you react, (b) the con dition of your car, (c) how you learned to drive. 4. You are traveling at 45 mph and wish to pass another car traveling at 25 mph. This re quires about ten seconds. The number of feet that your car will travel before you've passed and ate back on the right side of the road is: (a) 300 feet, (b), 460 feet, (c) 660 feet. 5. Night time accidents occur relatively more frequently than day accidents because; (a) visi bility is reduced, (b) drivers are tired at night, (c) people drive faster at night than during the day. 0. Drivers exceed the speed limit chiefly because; (a) they don’t know the regulations, (b) they lack skill, (c) they have poor attitudes. 7. If the right wheels of your car should slip off the hard top, you should; (a) turn back onto the pavement without hesi tation, (b) slow down gradually and steer back on the pavement when convenient, (c) apply the brakes sharply and cut the Eliot N^s^ NEW YO^—Is there any truth to thepublic image of Eliot Ness as a two-fisted, straight-shooting Federal agent who smashed j^l Capone’s boot leg traffic i^^fi Chicago in the 20’s? , In the Julj^'J issue of Coronet Magazine, the' kuthor of "The Untouchables” reveals that Ness was actually men. “In pub lic he was tlWN^ss of television; talking little,‘‘bWt with authority and using sWArt; terse phrases. In private, 'Wi* '♦♦as the other Eliot Ness, wllh’i bubbling setise of humor and’ a ready smile.” Despite his $2,30O a year sal ary and the knowledge that many agents were known . to be .“on , .’’(•jies$ ,iin^ 'bii Chlcigdl];^ ,tqUa^ did; .in iact, prove fncor-i I . r- . world in otief to provi(ie »l>ef-" t«r living for his wife aiid ^n, but his many years as a law-en forcement officer had not pre pared him for commercial pur suits. When he died in 1057 at the age of 54, before the book which was to make him' famous was published, his estate con sisted of a few hundred dollars and an automobile. f Though he is referred to in the Coronet article as a gentle man, what Ness had to say about himself sounds like something straight from the TV screen: “I’m just like anyone else—no braver or anf more tibiid. Tkiere were things which I had to do. I did them.” I's Last Shottly after his appointment as ambassa dor to the Wlrtltfed Nations, Adlai Stivithtson, who was nearihg hiS sixty-first birthday, was interviewed by a reporter for The New York- fer. The interview- filled almost five colums, and most of it ^as printed in quotes. There was ho indication that St^vbnson hesitated in naming nam^S, dates, places or events; or that the reporttr gave oht of pencils and note- paper, I say not ook iik fifty can do it,, and 1 dMAt that Stivfetisbn dM it M rtadily as the fiiterirtbtr# did. . Published every Saturday at Durhaitt, N. C. Telephone: 682-2913 and 681-8512 by United Publishers, Inc. L. E. AUSTIN, Publisher Entered as S'xrond class matter at the Post Oftc# at Durham, North Qarolina, under th9 Act of March 8, 1879 Durham, North Ciroina Principal Office located at 486 B. Pettigrew 8t M. E. JOHNSON. Controller SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 94.00 PER YEAR I ■ ■ a it 11> the po««v dn LoH With Hitt U heial.-.|[Ltk« fc:17X #h*t ft trtn M for the persons for whom wa pray. God'a will of harmony and health gorems them. We ®an speait woria of hwiling for all who m ia aaedk and ^a oaa anMcc to see a aulelb whj'ils hard hack onto the road 8. tthflc the average arlvei*is moYirlg his fout ftofn the acetl- ’eriifflr lO the brake, a car going 50 u,pli will ti-avei approximate, ly; (a) 35 feet, (h) 55 teet, (c)' 7B feet. 8. Travelis®-a bumpy road a wise driver Should realize that his: (a) braking distance will be shorter than usual, (b) reaction time; Will be longer, (c) braking distance will be longer than usual. 10. A flashing red light means: (a) reduce speed and prepare to stop, (b) stop, (c) congested traf fic ar«a.' 11. When approaching thj crest ^of a hill; (a) increase speed to make up for speed lost on the gra^, (b) slow down, (c) continne at the same speed. 12. A common characteristic of the “show off” driver is that he: (a) is ignorant of the law, (b) lacks presence of mind in emer gencies, (c) drives too fast for.,, conditions. ' 13. .Your car is being overtaken and passed by another car on a two lane road. Just as this car starts to cut in, another ap- proachfts around a curve. In most esses it’s best to: (a) maintain speed, (b) slow down and 'give way, (c) speed up. 14. The pleasure and satisfact ion a driver gets from his car de pends on; (a) how he drives and maintains it, (b) how fast it can go, (c) how much power it h^s. 15. When a car’s speed is in creased from 35 mph to 70, the potential damage it can cause upon impact with anohter car is greater by: (a) twice, (b) four times, (c) three times. ANSWiRS 1. (.) J. (e) 3. (e) (e) 5. (i) 6. (e) 7. b) «. (b) 9. (e) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (•} YS. (b). Scorst of 14-15 ara suptrior, 12-13 good, 11 fair, under 11 poor. Veterans Questions and Answers Here are authoritative answers by the Veterans Administration to questions from former service men and their fanriilies: Q. — My daughter, although pm! 18 y«ar« of age, has sttil b*«n receiving a pension pay ment since the is sMIl In school. She recently get married but will continue In scheel. Can the still receive her pention pay- mentt? A.—Pension payments to chil dren of deceased veterans cease when they marry. Q.—IMy sen was In World War II. Recently lie HTed^ oT nalural eautes. I have no Income. Can 1 get pention? A.—Parents may receive com pensation payments only when the veteran-son had a service- connected disability. They are not entitled to nonservice-con nected pension payments. Q.—Will (he Govemmeiit pay my way to the VA he^ltai when I enter next month for treat ment? A. ^— Transportation may be provided if necessary but only when application for such paid transportation is ' made in ad vance. Prior apthorization for travel MUST be secured from the VA. Q.—What Is the burial alfew- ante provided by the VA? A.—The VA is authorized to p6y $250 toward an eligible vet eran’s burial expenses. Claims must be filed within 2 yrs. after the veteran’s permanent burial or cremation. Jews as a demonstration of Nazi good faith, Kastner was forced to bargain with a Ger man named Becher. In addition to a kr^e ransom, tes^fy in ■tf&eJ'''8 be^half at the wai* Cringes jp W the' strangest evident' i|g|inft j Al6lit JEich- mann’s claim that he ^aiii'iui “a soldier carrying out ^ers” comes from a man who'was kiU ed by the Jews themselves.*'''' The July issue of Coronet Mag azine reveals the little-known story behind Rudolf Kastner, Hungarian • Jewish underground leader who negotiated with th» Nazis during World War H in order to save hundreds ot Ids people from extermination. WhMi Eiehmann came to Buda- Pjpst ^^supfrvise the extermina tion of Hungsrisn Jews, it fell to Kastiv^,io, try and arrange the infamqus exchange of 10,000 trucks for 1,000,000 people. When the Allies demanded a token, release of several hnndre\ ment. Through a curious combi nation of circumstances, Coronet reports, he was convicted of col laboration with the Nszis. ' Though Kastner never lived to see the decision revfereed — he ■“.WPS assassinated, sh jthe,Isr^li]^Suptteme before fter the war Kastner made his way to Israel where he work ed for the Commerce Depart- .J£t if Iibb*fl6n^ ritpW thit teichmahn ha(i siaeOTea^to disobey Hittler’s orders >o t|st he might kill more Jews. ' I Do’S And Don*ts Fc'/WON^VOO M^Y/YOO- Lm rba Game Geta Tanae, Pit It la Good ITo Rmaamber .. .
The Carolina Times (Durham, N.C.)
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June 24, 1961, edition 1
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