Souiiern Integration as Seen by White Law Studnt Empioyed by Negro Law Partnersliip By HARRY F, GREENE EDITO*’« note!: The writer of the foUawing urtlcle Is a lifelong Ifiiident Scarsdale, New Yo^k. He atlMMied Edgemont High School im Scarsdale, graduated Hith h«*w-g from Harvard ".Uni versity, A.B. cum laude, and last June ow^lcted his first year at Columfato Law School. He is •pendii^ this summer worlcing for ■ Negro law firm in Durham, on a grant from the Law Students Civil Rjyglits Research Council in New Ywrk City. In order that his views wM observations will seem neither too usual nor too unusual to some Wf our readers, Green feels it aecessary to also mention that h« U white. gress, and the lack of progress purposes, of course, is the com- in Integrating what It a relatively bination of a Negro man and a white woman, and it is only in “moderate’' (if not far advanced by some standards) Southern com munity; and the reactions in, and effects upon such a community resulting from the recent passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. I had my "initiation” to the Durham of the non-deep South first when I had lunch my second day here at a modern da^ntown hotel. I ate alone, yet noticed that Negroes were not oniy courteous ly served in the dining room, but were also accommodated on an ap parently non-discriminatory basii in the hotel. (Nor was the polite- ^ ness of my reception altered in I the Ic.ist when I ate at the hotel with the Negro attorneys for whom I am working a few days later.) Ju.st as most of the hotels and restaurants in Durham arc inte grated, so are most of the movie theatres and places of entertain- DurhM, North Carolina is not part of the “deep South.” It is part of the South. These two ira- pressioas—and in that order— Were the first to strilie me dur ing my initial few days in Dur-1 mcnt, nearly all within the past ham this summer. ' year as a result of a combination s'-1 left for North Carolina from [ of negotiation *ith and pressure S.carsdaLe about a month ago with | from various Negro community a variety of imaginings too vague 1 organizations and civil rights to be called expectations, and a groups. ■few ideals that I never really ex pected to reach fulfilment this 'summer. Many of the imaginings have turned out to be misimprcs- tions and misapprehensions; Dur ham is probably lilce White FUins, New Yorlt in a good many niore ways than it is liice Jaclt- •on, Mlaalssippi or Birmingham, AUbama. However, I fear the Metis will still remain unfulfilled —at least for the moment, and at lest for some of the seasons tliey remain itnfulfilled in the North at. 'A«ll as the South. It mijht be wise to begin by describiRg my position this sum mer, so as to alert the reader to t)oth t|u uniqueness of, and the limitations upon my experiences tha observations ihat result thereforai. It is neither immodest ttor brash to say that I am one of only two of a kind in Durhan], North Carolina. While I am not a member of the bar (although 1 hope ta be some day), I am one of two white people in Durham working In a Negro law firm. (The other, Hite me, is a law student gone South for the summer.) I am jvorking, eating and liv- ..ipg my Ma among Negroes. But I am' white, and that means I have two kinds of experiences that Ne groes 6b not have: I am treated by wWte people •wMo do njpt ‘*now We as a white; and I am treated by Negro people who do tut kiK^r me as a white. . t In the fii^t case, this means that I .can gp to all the placN to irhitM can go and Negroes ' cannot. It nieans that I am fre (gently a recipient of that re i^wned and refreshing “Southern hospitality” which white people fi( the South seem so often to re- sci've far other white people. And ^m^eans that. Occasionally, I am the receptacle for racist observa tions of a more or less vulgar hue By othar white people who figure me to be a comrade in beliefs as well as in skin color. In the second case, it means that I am often looked upon and treated with that combination of resentment, suspi cion, amusement, hostility and de ference with which Negroes in the South have traditionally view ed and treated whites. In this first article I would like to annotate these two kinds of experianeeg noted above ’.vith epi sodes from my own life during the past few weeks. In future arti cles I will deal with the unique positio* of the Negro lawyer in the Smith (and the even more unique position of a white man in a Negro law firm); the pro- IIo’Aever, as I discovered just one night later on my initiation to the Durham of the South, many public places here have integrated only with the most extreme re luctance, and with a “losing-the- good-fight” attitnde. I decided to eat at a restaurant in the main business section of Durham where on this particular evening several American Legionnaires were din ing after having congregated for their annual state convention at a hotel earlier in the day. Sit ting at the Qounter, I found myself next to a “real white gentlemun" (As Southern legend has it), who immediately initiated a conversa tion with: "I see they lettin’ Nig gers sit with white fokes In the theatres here now.” After miiffled expletives and no response on my part, he concluded: “Well, they A'on’t find ma down there to night! As I left the restaurant and stopped at the cashier’s counter to pay my bill, I" noticed a local newspaper editorial In opposition to the civil rights bill prominent ly displayed.' Perceptively think' ing he had me picked out for one of the “fokes,” the cashier furth er dased my 'spirits with the ob servation: “Yea but I'm afarld it won’t do any good.” Pressing my luck, and not sure of exactly what he meant, I Inquired as to wheth er the restaurant was segregated. Apologetically and la a near whis per came the reply: “Awe we serve colluh’d, but we *hd’ dbh’t like to. We'r* gain*' iiowft flfW- In'." This last statement by a restau rant cashier probably represTOts the attitude of a majority ol •,\hite business men In Durham who make a profit serving the public—a public which they arc slowly being forced to admit In eludes black people as well as white ones. Experience also instructs the visitor in Durham that there are •‘degrees” of integration here, some far more acceptable than others. The social values of the average white person in Durham will thus make him most amen able—if he is amenable to inte gration at all—to dealing with Ne groes alone or in groups com prised solely of Negroes. There Is more reluctance when service to integrated groups is involved; and there is considerably n»re re luctance (and often outright re fusal) where the integrated group contains both men and women. Absolutely taboo for nearly all the college communities around Duke, North Carolina College, and the University of North Carolina that one notices any interracial dating. An incident which I found both annoying and amusing points up the reluctace of many a Southern white to accept "race mixin’ ”— even if the law forces him to ac cept integration. A friend of mine who happens to be a Negro went off to a state prison camp two weeks ago to begin serving a six month sentence imposed on him for his participation in a public demonstration in Chapel Hill, Hill, North Carolina last Febru ary. I wanted to visit him in prison, and so I called the “in tegrated” camp he '«as in to find out if the next Sunday was a visit ing day. The conversation between me and the prison officer went as follows: Officer: "Why sho.’ This Sun day’s white visitin’ Sunday.” Me: “Does that mean that white prisoners can be visited or that white people can visit prisoners? Officer: “Son, it means that whites can visit whites. You | group ot temmes were should know that.” after they w«re honored for out- Me: “Well, when is visiting Sun-1 standing community service *t a THE CAK0LIM4 TIMti ' ' lATUItBAY, JULY SS, 1M4 M- Blrtfiday Weel(-end OiiserYed For Celebrated Negro Educator I NCNW HONOREES — This smart I group of femmes were pictured day for Negroes?” Officer: “That’s next Sunday.” Me: "Can whites visit Negro prisoners then?’’ Officer: “Nope. Only colluh’d can visit colluh’d.” Me; “Well I'm white and it just happens that I have a Negro friend in prison. Can I ev«r visit him?” Officer “You'll hare to call up next week and talk to the Cap tain. You can only do it if you get a special permit from him.” If ingrained white reluctance is th« primary harripr In intpgratinn Dr. Leadie Clark, education; Mrs. Eftiel Bryant, administrative a$- P. L. Williams (not cited), NCNW i sistant to L. A. Mayor Sam Yorty, regional chairman, and Mrs. Mar-1 p-olitics; Mrs. Cora Hilton, social nesba Tackett, community services I worker, health and welfare; Mrs. WASHINGTON, D. C.—In com memoration of the 89th birthday of Mary McLeod Bethune, founder of the National Council of Negro Women’ Inc. and Bethune-Cook- man College, a “Bethune Birthday Weekend” was held at Bethune- Cookman College at Daytona Beach. Florida, July 10-12. Mi.ss Dorothy 1. Height, Nation- President, National Council of Ne gro Women was keynote speaker. Speaking from the Conference theme "Women in the Quest for Equality,’’ the President urged her audience to realize what the equal ity guaranteed by the Civil Rights Act means and to know that they would have to work hard to com pensate for the years of depriva tion, “We must provide the train ing that Negro youth needs, rath er lamenting that they do not have it.” She continued, “Women have a, special responsibility to make cer tain that the now equal opportuni ties are utilized.” “As a group, Negro women can work with oth er women's groups and public of ficials to help insure equal oppor tunities." The three day affair was at tended by more than a hundred luncheon hosted by Lus Angeles | and civil rights—-Standing: Dr. Council of the National Council of; Rose Jenkins, psychiatrist, medi-| Negro Women recently. The ladies cal; Mrs. Marie Meredith (not and work for which they were cited), luncheon chairman; Mrs.! cited are: Left to right .seated): | Vetta Calhoun, UAW local vice president, labor, and Mrs. Alpha Arnold, president, NCNW's, L. A. | Council.—(ANP Photo). women. The giKsts were greeted by Mrs. Henrine Wa^d Banks, -Dt rector Region III, NCNW aiyi of Women, Bethune Cookmaa College. Other speakers indudad Dr. A. C. Mallory of OMAT, U. s’ Labor Department and Dr. Grace Hew- ell. Department of Health, EkJuca* tibn and Welfare. Addressing a luncheon. Dr. Mal lory said, “The middle class Ne gro woman must reach and help ti>e Negf’o woman in deprived areas, because until she’s reach ed, the middle class Negro wom an is going to be handicapped." She told the women that volun teers were needed to help poor and uneducated Negroes. Dr. Grace He well, representing HEW, noted“ “There is a great need for women’s groups to create a climate of goodwill and of ac ceptance." "Such group* as these," Dr. Ile'Aell continued, "Can play an important role in finding programs that di.scriminate, bringing these allegations to the attention of the proper authorities, and in seeing that equal treatment is received by all Americans.” Anti-Defamation League of B'nai Mrs. V'Sombeei( 6'ritii Tests Real Estata Bias NEW YORK, N. Y.—The Anti- Defamation League of B’nai in a community like Durham— and It surely is—there is never theless a more subtle barrier in the Ne^ro community as well, born of the combination of re sentment and resignation that two hundred years ot white dominance have made the most obvious attri butes of many Negroes. It should not be very surprising to any one that in a society where the white man has plundered and ex ploited the Negrjj woman genera tion alter generAtton (and with every hue and color of “Negro” to show for It), it is often considere a shameful act in the Negro com munlty for a Negro girl to go ou with a white boy—no matter ho\ innocent or honorable the Inter ridni of both. ■ Ndr Is It surprising that wlthi the Negro community a new kin of confidence man—the "Negri ologist” as some Negroes toda, call him—grew up to take advan tage of the inferior status imposc('. upon him by the white, man. At his best, the Negro-ologist leads the white jnan to think the Negro is as dumb as the white man wants to think he is—and in the end, comes away wit a profit as the result of his efforts. The Ne gro-ologist may be a “bum” who nevertheless lives a substantially more remunerative existence than his “line” and his appearances suggest. Or he may be a Negro lawyer who capitalizes on the paternalistic atttitude of a •white racist judse to get a little fairer hearing then he could otherwise get, by making tiie judge think that he “knows his place.” As some Negroes grow older, resentment often turns to resijina tion and even deference, If for no other reason than that it makes living easier. Some days ago I Continued on page 4B iJ'rith reicaled ihls Wt'ek that it has asked the Connecticut Com mission on Civ^l Rights to investi gate reports of i Greenwich “de sign to exclude members of minor ity groups from the community.’’ The League said it had made its request in a letter to Ralph Gog- lia, chairman of the commission, following a "test” of Greenwich real estate brokers' attitude to- •Aard Negro and Jewish home a previous situation she had ijoen I able to telephone the builder of) houses under cnnstrnction so that Returns From Florida Events when the Negro couple arrived at the site, “sold" signs ’Acre posted on the partially finished units. “It will be a long time in Green wich before integration,” the agent declared. The other six brokers tested all gave “adverse differential treat ment” to the Negro couples. One broker showed three houses to the Negro couple sent to him, but seekers made in the wake of a: showed ten to the Jewish couple tt)R DEPENDABLE AND C0UR'1’IX)US SERVICE, CALL SOUIHSIDE tUlTY COMPANY Custom Built Homes Any Kind of Remodeling Property Management Minor or Majoi^ Repairs Tile or Plumbing That Country Home And Aluminum Siding # Storm Doors, Windows, • Prot>erty For Sale • All Vour Painting Needs * A Place to Rent # Llirge Wooded Lots E. L. KEARNEY, Sales Mgr. “QUALITY IS NEVER AN ACCIDENT* sounisiDE mn company 33P/g E, PETTIGREW ST. PHONE NITE 6S2-7363 DURHAM, N. C zoning dispute. The zoning dispute stemmed rom an unsuccessful petition by 1 Greenwich property owner to 5wer the four-acre requirement or building homes in certain reas of the city to one-half acre. )0me supporters of the petition, vhich was denied by the Green vich Planning and Zoning Com- nission, believe the four-acre re striction is “in some measure” an effort to limit available residential land and thus lessen the oppor tunity of minority groups seeking to settle in the community. The AI)L test disclosed “signi ficant anti-Negro prejudice” on the part of Greenwich real estate brokers but no discrimination against Jews “on the first level of house hunting.” In a report sent to the Com mission, the League said it had sent eight teams—each composed of a Negro, Jewish, and white Christian couple — to eight real estate brokers 'who are members of the Greenwich Real Estate Board. In making appointments, spread out over a weekend, each couple asked to be shown a three bedroom house at a price of about $35,000. Krom tha detailed state ments of the parti^^ting couples, the following co^usions were reached: • No meaningful differential treatment was accorded the Jew ish home seekers as compared with the white Christian home seekers. All were shown substan tially the same homes in the same neighborhood. • Ot the eight real estate brokers, only t^o gave equal treat ment to the Negro couples, and cne of these did so “with apparent reluctance.” In the latter case, according to the report, the broker who had handled the Negro couple told her white Christian clients of er “har and six to the white Christians, with an invitation to se(# more if they wished. Another broker showed seven houses to the white Christian couple and none to the Negro—on the ground they 'Aere thirty minutes late for their ap poinment. The broker made no attempt to schedule another ap pointment. The four remaining brokers gave ample time and at tention to the Jewish and white Chri.stian couples, but were “ex tremely abrupt” with the Negro home seekers. The League said it remains to be determined whether the Green wich real estate brokers “are in flicting their per.sonsl dislikes upon the community, or whether they reflect the community’s wishes.” In 1061 the Connecticut Com- misi^ion on Civil Rights initiated a hearing on. housing discrimina tion in Greenwich based on a let ter ATitten by a local broker to the firm's sales agents. The letter advised employees not to deal witk apperently Jewish customers since such negotiations would cause “severe criticism by the ((Greenwich Real Estate) Board and our fello wbrokers . . . . ” The broker, still a member of the Greenwich Real Estate Board, admitted writing the memoran dum to her sales staff but said she had done so as a result of criticism by members of the Board because she had sold homes to Jews. Although her testimony raised the question of whether the Grcen-vich Real Estate Board had participated in a conspiracy to prevent Jews from buying prop erty in the area, the case was closed with the issuance of a cease and desist order to the broker the League said. The current ADL survey of brokers cited the 1961 investiga tion by the Commission as hav- Mrs. Ludmila VanSombeek has returned from Daytona B^ach, Florida where she at tended the 8.9th Birthday Cele bration of Mar^ McLeod Bet hune and Regions HI and IV Conference of the N'ationa; Council of Negro Women. , The meetings were hela at Bethune-Cookman College. The guests and delegates were all housed in the dormitories of fhe college. The theme was “The Negro Woman In The Quest For Free dom.” President R. V. Mooro wel comed all &t the opening ot the general sessions which took place in Heyn Chapel. All at tending were Invited’to a recep tion by Dr. and Mr*. Moore in the beautiful new home of the i)^«ldent. ■ Miss tiorothy il. Hfeight, na tional president, gave fhe key address. It contained too many high points with thoughts of Continued on page 4B Mrs. N. F. Austin Named to Friends Staff Position HIGH POINT — Mrs. Ncal F. Austin of High Point has boon appointed to the staff of the American Friends Service Com mittee, B. Tartt Bell, regional exe cutive secretary, announced this week. She will .serve as adminis trative assistant to Bell. —-addition to administrativo ro rowing experience” in having to' ing had a salutary effect, show homes to Negroes who had I "We are heartened by what ap- made their appointment by phone pears to be an absence of dis- She apologized for being late in | crimination again.st Jews on the meeting the white Christian cou first level of house hunting,” the pie, explaining that she had f;rst | League said, “but are dismayed observed them from a distance to determine their race. The same kent said the owners of the homes! she had shown to the Negroes were “upset by the that adverse treatment of Negro home seekers is prevalent.” The national human relations agency urged the Commission to “renew its attention to Green- experlence” and recalled that ii) J 'vich.” Rattler is Supervisor DELRAY BEACH, Fla.--An ex- Florida A. and M. University Rat tler is serving as supervisor of. the newly constructed Catherine E. Strong Recreation Center here. Nathaniel Tucker, a 1961 All- SIAC fullback for the Florida A.' and M. University Rattlers, heads the modern facility. Tucker grad uated from FAMU in 1962 with a major in physical education. He was an all-around athlete here at Carver High School, liar- ticipating in football, basketball, track, and baseball. sponsibilities. Mrs. Austin will di rect public information services for the region. Her work in the High Point office will have as its focus. Interpretation of the pro grams and projects of the south ern region. Mrs, Austin is a member of the Stat-e Advisory Committee to the Civil Rights Commission and is immediate past president of the Ijeague of 'Women Voters of N. C. She has served on the Family Service Bureau and Community Planning Council Boards in Rlgh Point. An Oklahoman, she Is a gradu ate of the University Of Oklahoma and has tau.oht in fhe public Bchool.l of 0^:lahama City and Portlaiid, Ore^oi. , MOnTH r/VROTTMA, DURHAM roiir^TV NOTICE OF SALE UNDER AND BY VIRTUE of the poTvver of sale contained in a certain deed of trust executed bv Ernest Sellers and wife, Gur- 'pv Sellers, dated October 21 1S59, and recorded in Book fi.38, at nage 252. in the Office of the Register of Deeds of Durham County, North Caro jina, default having been made in the payment of the indebted ness thereby secured and said deed of trust being by the terms thereof subject to. foreclosure, the undersigned Trustee will offer for ■sale at public auction to the highest bidder for cash at the Courthou.se door in Durham Coun ty, Durham, North Carolina at 12 o’clock. Noon, on the 21st day of August, 1964, the property convey ed in said deed of trust, the same lying and being in Patterson Town ship, in Durham County, State aforesaid, and more particularly described as follows: BEGINNING at a point in the northern property line of Massey Chapel Road, which point is lo cated 579 feet in an easterly di rection from the Northeast inter section of Fayetteville Road and Massey Chapel Road, and running thence North 18 deg. 5’ West 148.7 feet to a stake; thence run ning North 81 deg. 37’ East 143.3 feet to a stake; thence running South 18 deg. 5' West 124.8 feet to a stake; thence running along and with the northern property line of Massey Chapel Road South 71 deg. 55’ West 140 feet to a •Stake, the point and place of be ginning, the same being Lot No. 12 of the Revision of a portion of ELLISON HEIGHTS as pw plat and survey of J. Watts Copley, L. S., April, 1969, recorded in the office of the Durham County Reg istry, Plat Book 35, Paga 70. THIS PROPERTY will be sold subject to all prior encumbrances and all prior and 1964 Ad Valorem taxes. THIS SALE will remain open ATrtnrr'u r'Aifi^T Y\r/^ ^ nrrTtMMVt rlitTNTV DORIS O PARHAM -VC. r.rr-ntrpT paptiam DURHAM r’OTiA’TV riT'^TL COXmT M n T T r V, THE ABOVE NAMED DEFEND- AM-^- r.ITRirPT PAPITAM WTT,T, NOTrrR tKAT an' action (mtitled ,is ?hove hae been oom- monred in the Durhairi County C'vil Court. Durham, North Car olina bv the olaintiff to secure »n ahsohite divorce frnm the de fendant noon grounds of two years senpr^ifinp THE DEFENDANT wjll further take notice that he is reouireri to annear at the Office o the Clerk of the Durham County Civil CouH of Durham. North Carolina, in the Courthouse in Durham, on nr be fore thirty da vs after the 17th day of Auguiit, 1964, and answer or demur to the comolaint in said action, or the plaintiff will apply to the Court for the relief de demanded in said conplaint. This 14th day of July, 1964. Margaret B. Best Clerk of Durham County Civil Court By Josephine C. Edwards, Deputy Clerk William A. Marsh, Jr., Attorney Jul. 18. 25; Aug. 1, 8 NORTH CAROLINA DURHAM COUNTY NOTICE OF SAIj: UNDER AND BY VIRTUE of the power of sale contained in a certain deed of trust/chattel mort gage executed by NATHANIEL SUTTON, individually and T/A Durham Taxi Cab Association, dat ed November 16. 1962, and rs- corded In Book of Mortgages 751. at page 664, in the office of the Register of Deeds for Durham County, default having bepn made in the payment of the indebted ness thereby secured and said mortgage, being by its terms sub ject to foreclosure, the under signed mortagee will offer for sale at public auction to the high est bidder for cash at the court house door in Durham, North Car olina, at twelve o’clock, Noon, on the '7th day of August, 1964, the following article of personal prop erty. to-wit: One 1961 6 Cylinder Ford Fair- 220 Pound Instructor NEW YORK—David Daniels, a 220-pound, 8-4 tackier for the Florida A„ and M. University Rat tlers, is employed for the sam- Mei* as an instructor in recreation hfrc at the Youth House for Boys. JSmes Danmark, holder of the SlAG record of 14’ 6” in the pole vault ind a 1961 graduate of Fla. A; and St., is also employed at the Youth House. Denmark is it native of Florence Villa, Fla., and was an art major at FAMU. NOTICP OP SA,» Durham. CkroHna J-.i« 13. TTnlvero'tv Inc. 'nf Thir- harn Nor**’ Carolina I win s**ll a li.reel'oH H>'>4 PhevroI“t eflnvprtl- Serial No C54R004926. owned pv Robe>-t Flint .Tqme* of North Quefen Street, Durham. Vorth Carnlina, to the highest bid der at nnhlir auction on July 27. 1S64 at 12:00 noon. The sale will he held on th*ir U«od cur Jot 'orated at 81? West Main' Street, Durham. North Carolina, This car is beini sold for a wrecker hill nf $20 plus storaPe accumulated slnee March 29. 1964 >t the rate of .50 per dav. TTiis notice was prepared; alined, and posted by L, 0. Williams, Secretarv and TYeasnrer of Uni versifv Motors. Inc., thil the 13th day of .Tulv. 19«4. University Motors, Inc. L, C. Williams Secretary and Treasurer .Tiilv 1R. 2H NOPTH CAROLINA " nifRHAM COUNTY FISTERLENE BRYANT, Plaintiff -vs- WILLIAM BRYANT. Defendant DURHAM COUNTY CIVIL COURT NOTICE THE ABOVE NAMED DEFEND ANT: WILLIAM BRYANT, WILL TAKE NOTICE that an action en titled as above has been com menced in the Durham County Civil Court, Diirham, N^h Car olina, by the plaintiff to secure a absolute divorce frqm the de fendant upon grounds of two yeara separation. ; THE DEFENDANT will further take notice that he is required to appear at the Office of the Durham County Civ|l Court of Durham. North Carolina. In the Courthouse in Durham, dh or be fore thirty (30) days after the 17 day of August, 19M, anii answer or demur to the complaint In aald action, or the plaintiff «Hill tt^ply to the court for the .relief de manded in said complaint- This 13 day of July, XBfM. y Margaret B. BeiA Clerk of Durham County Civil Court William A. Marsh. Jr., Attofner July 18, 25; Aug. 1, 8. ., lane Automobile, Motor No. IN for ten (10) days to receive in-l32V H8717, 'litle No. 50344859.” crea.sed bids, as required hy^law. This 14th day of July, 1964. This 2nd day of July, 1964. William A, Marsh, Jr., Trutsee. Jnlv •)!, Ai.fj 1 O 1' Mechanics and Farmers Bank, Mortgagee. M. Hugh Thompson, Attorney IP ?3; AUP, 1, 3 PAINFUL CORI AMAZING UMID RELIEVES IT DISSOLVES COR No9t remove corns the fnt wuh Freeione®. liqoid jti lieves paia insmmlT, worib I skin line to dis5olvc cotm dxys. Get Freczone...tt all 4ni|f4

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