IrljDSfiwk
GibsttotuiQ
.' BY ELVA P. DEJARMON
Brief anecdotes of Negro history from BEFORE THE MAY
FLOWER, by Lerone Bennett, Jr., and THE NEGRO IN VIR
GINIA, Writers Program of WPS in Virginia, Hampton Institute
Sponsored, The Negro Handbook, (Ebony).
1952
University of Tennessee admitted firts black student, Jan
uary 12.
Congressional Medal of Honor awarded posthumously to
Army Sgt. Cornelius H. Charlton, Bronx, N. Y., for Heroism in
Korea, February 12.
Death of Canada Lee, actor, New York City, May 9.
Tuskegee Institute reported that 1952 was first year in 71
years of tabulation that there were no lynchings, December 30.
Death of Fletcher Henderson, arranger and band leader, New
York City., December 29.
1953
Supreme Court ruled that District of Columbia restaurants
could not legally refuse to serve blacks, June 8.
Albert W. Dent, president of Dillard University, elected
president of National Health Council, June 19.
Bus-boycott began in Baton Rouge, La.
Movement of black families into Trumbull Park housing
project in Chicago started a virtural continuous riot which
lasted more than three years, and required assignment of more
than 1,000 policemen to keep order, August 4.
President Eisenhower established 15 member Government
Contract Compliance Committee to supervise anti-discrimination
regulations applying to employers with government con
tracts, August 13.
"Take a Giant Step," drama by Negro playright, Louis
Peterson opened on Broadway, September 14.
Rufus Clement, president of Atlanta University, elected
to Atlanta Board of Education, December 2.
Hulan Jack sworn in as Borough President of Man
hattan, December 31.
1954
President Eisenhower nominated. Ernest Wilkins of Chicago
to be Assistant Secretary of Labor, March 4.
Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools
was unconstitutional. (Now 22 years hence, school systems are
still trying to get around the law with phony issues of forced
busing, neighborhoods schools and what have you. In the
meantime, many black people have been unable to secure a
decent education in the midst of such harrassment by teachers,
other students and administrators at many levels. Drop out
rates have been unusually high among black young people in the
public school arena. At this time (1976) some litigation has
been started to slow down this type of harrassment. With
the decision carrying "with all deliberate speed", most of
the traditional states of forced segregation of schools and those
in areas with "de facto" school segregation appeared to have
used these years to build opposition to the law.
Dr. Peter Murray Marshall installed as president of the New
York County Medical Society, fust black to head component
unit of American Medical Assn. May 24.
First White Citizens Council unit organized in Indianola,
Miss., July 11.
Death of Mary Church Terrell, outstanding educator, civic
and community worker, Washington, D. C, July 14.
J. Ernest Wilkins represented Labor Secy. James P. Mitchell
at weekly Cabinet meeting, August 18.
School integration began in Washington, D. C. and
, Md. public schools, September 7-8
B. 0. Davis, Jr., became first black general in Air Force,
October 17. '
Defense Dept. ahnouhded complete abolition of black units
in armed forces, October 30.
Charles C. Diggs, Jr., elected Michigans first black Congress
man November 2.
1955
Marian Anderson made debut at Metropolitan Opera House
as Ulrica in Verdi's Masked Ball, January 7. She was first black
singer in the company's history.
Death of Charlie Parker, one of the founders of modern
jazz movement, March 12.
Bandung Conference of leaders of colored nations of Africa
and Asia opened in Indonesia, April 18.
Death of Walter White, New York City, March 22. Roy
Wilkins succeeded him, as NAACP executive, April 11.
Deatli of Mary McLeod Bethune,1 Daytona Beach, Fla.,
May 18. The national founder of National Council of Negro
Women will be remembered as one who helped bring all
black women's groups together in unity of purpose. Supreme
Court ordered school integration "with all deliberate speed"
E. Frederick Morrow appointed administrative aide to Pres
ident Eisenhower, July 9.
Emmett Till, 14, kidnapped and lynched in Money, Miss.
August 18. Supreme Court in Baltimore case banned
segregation in public recreational facilities, November 7.,
Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation in
buses, waiting rooms and travel coaches involved in iriter
state travel, November ':i5'
Bus boycott began in Montgomery; Ala. December S:
A. Phillip Randolph and Willard S. Townsend elected;:
vice-presidents of AFL-CIO.
tAT., MAY S, 1978 THE CAROLINA JtUtt
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The racist government of
South Africa has spawned a
new monstrosity for its black
citizens -- concentration camps
disguised as "mental hospitals"
but which are no more than
slave labor camps where
workers toil until they drop.
According to a report in the
May issue of ATLAS WORLD
PRESS REVIEW, the slave
camps house at least 8,000
blacks by official count, and
probably thousands more. In
one camp, the infamous Rand
West Sanatorium, at least one
inmate is murdered every day.
1 use the term "murder"
deliberately, because in some
cases a prisoner may be killed
by electric shock "treatment"
given without anesthetics, a
practice that leads to
convulsions which can break
the spine, the arms and legs, or
the skull bones themselves.
That other inmates die of
malnutrition and disease does
not mean that they are not
"murdered." They are - only
slowly, rather than quickly, by
the company known as Smith
Mitchell, which has set up the
extermination camps for the
South African government,
and which clears a profit of
$13.7 -million a year for its
troubles, before taxes, of
course.
In one of the 10 slave
camps set up by Smith
Mitchell, at Rand West, author
Wastbery writes in ATLAS,
that "The men have their
heads shaved and wore ragged
uniforms. They work
outdoors, even in pouring rain,
and the barracks are emptied
during the day. In the middle
of the sleeping hall are the
toilets. The dirty windows are
tightly locked, leaving only a
narrow crack open for air."
The inmates subsist on a
diet of raw food, "soybeans,
potatoes, and cabbage,
occasionally chopped meat,
and cold tea without sugar.
Coffee is served out of trash
cans into which the men dip
plastic cups. There is no
trained cook. The inmates
sleep on the floor. The real
mental patients who are
mingled with the forced
laborers defecate in their
clothing. Their excrement is
flushed away each morning
with hoses," Wastberg writes.
The author of the ATLAS
article, the distinguished
Swedish editor of the
Stockholm daily DAGENS
NYHETER, put together his
report from a variety of
sources, including a nurse who
worked at one of the
''sanatoriums'" and who gave
out the information at great
personal risk. He points out
that at a time when modern
drugs are emptying beds in
mental hospitals around the
world, and the population of
asylums is declining, the
inmate population in South
Africa is suspiciously
increasing.
i.
How does one get to be an
i inmate in South Africa?
Apparently, the procedure is
not much different from
Russia, where dissidents are
routinely clapped in asylums
and treated with drugs until
they are driven mad. In South
Africa, a black who has
offended a white in some way
can be picked up off the street
by a cop, who then calls in a
white doctor. After a hasty
examination the victim is
deported to Rand West or one
of the other human
warehouses, never to be seen
again.
The misery and agony of
these blacks no doubt cannot
be put into language. Language
is literally too weak to paint a
picture of their suffering at the
hands of the South African
government's leadership.
Short of bloody revolution,
there seems to be no way that
the white leadership in power
will be removed, since it has
effectively stifled not only its
black opposition but the voices
of white opponents difiant of
its totalitarian rule. One would
hope that the South African
government would proceed
down the path of racial
moderation toward the kind of
evolutionary equality being
hammered out slowly but
steadily in the United States.
But that hope is fading fast
and for milions of Bantus in
South Africa, any change will
Sherwood Ross
come too late.
The plight of the South
African blacks, tragically, is no
longer unique. All over the
world, the fires of liberty are
being extinguished by
totalitarian governments.
Torture is employed in Iran,
Russia, Cambodia, the East
European nations, and by a
half dozen governments in
Africa, as well as over half of
Latin America. Frequently, the
funds and techniques used are
supplied by the United States.
Each year, millions of people
who once lived in freedom, are
turned over to butchers by the
crazed politicans who have
taken power.
People who think it cannot
happen in the United States
are mistaken. A country which
perpetrated Cambodian
bombing, the My Lai massacre,
which dropped the atomic
bombs on Japan, and which
even kills its own recruits in
Marine boot camps, is capable
of making the same tragic
mistakes as other governments.
The Founding Fathers feared
despotism and created the
Constitution and the Bill of
Rights to protect thetroelves
from it. But if the public
"continues to allow these
documents to be eroded by
Nixon-type leadership, "benign
neglect" could turn intc
something a good deal worse
If this country wishes to keep
its democracy, while nation;
around the world are losing
theirs, the public will have tc
insist on upholding the rule ol
law in the face of growing
government autocracy.
(To obtain copies of the
ATLAS article on South
Africa, write to ATLAS
WORLD PRESS REVIEW, 230
Park Avenue, New York, New
York 10017.)
PROFILES
Theses silouhettes belong to Jackie Webb and Deborah Alston, both students at North
Carolina Central University.
PLEASE WRAP
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WE'RE GOING
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Widows and widowers of
veterans who died as a
result of service connected
disabilities are eligible for
education assistance from
the Veterans Administration.
We make our fortunes
and we call them fate.
David Alroy
The Library of Congress holds
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lion photographs, more than
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