: SEEKING AID FOR VICTIMS 6f CRIME
The Senate Judiciary Committee has been holding hear
i u falProvin8 the legal justice system, Senator Kennedy
said that even though our system requires all citizens to
have equal justice under law, this has been a vain promise.
Citizens are. denied implementation of this promise,
because of swollen docket delays, or exorbitant cost
which they cannot afford to pay. Mr. Kennedy stated
that the tultimate goal is improving access to justice by all
involved persons.
As an improvement in S241, the Justice System
Improvement Act, Senator Laxalt introduced an amend
nCv l C Enforcement Assistance Administration
(LEAA) bill, to set up an office of victim witness assistance
within LEAA. He stated that the victim is only used a a
witness to help solve the case. He must replace his own
property, provide his own medical assistance, transporta
tion to the doctor and courts or whatever is needed and
most of all he to restructure his own life aft
most of all he has to restructure his own life after the
crime has been perpetrated against him. The suspect or de
fendant is given better service than the victim. He is housed,
fed, clothed, provided with attorneys' fees paid by tax
payers, social counseling, medical treatment and crimin-
WEEKLY DIGEST OF AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Beefing Up the Air Force
Salisbury, for its part, ap
pears detrmined to pursue
its air assaults. And ac
cording to a confidential
study currently circulating
at the United Naions,
the regime now has a dramatically-increased
capacity to
carry out such missions.
"A Report on Clandes
tine Aircraft Transfers to
the Rhodesian Air Force"
an unpublished but official
UN document (SAC.15
COMM.34)-states that the
recent heavy flow of
Western aircraft indicates
a seious reach in the
international embargo
against the white dom
inated government.
Prepared for the Securi
ty Council's sanctions com
mittee by consultant Sean
Gervasi, the report suggests
that the large-scale transfers
have bought valuable time
for the Salisbury regime and
may even have saved it from
collapse.
Whereas the often cited
International Institute for
Strategic Studies (IISS)
data shows the Rhodeisan
air force with eight squad
ronC'GrWsrys'that in'
the "yKtiy'Hftdttkf'
the period" "under review
the country actually
acquired at least five
additional attack squadrons,
three or four transport
squadrons, and six to eight
helicopter squadrons.
The report, which has
been otbtained by African
News, examines four
cases of transfers which
Gervasi says are well-documented
but account for
onlay a portion of the to
tal illegal traffic, equiva
lent to two attack squad
rons, and one transport and
one helicopter squadron:
Augusta Bell 205 Heli
copters: The report suggests
that these were transferred
through South Africa and
reiterates that previous
published accounts have
said about the use
fulness of these cargo and
troop-carrying "Hueys"
to the Rhodesian's ability
to strike deep in guerrilla
held areas and neighboring
states.
Cessna Reims FTB 337
Reconnaissance and Light
Strike Aircraft. Rhodesia
bought 20-22 of these in
1976 or 1977, the
report states. The "primary
structures" of the 337s are
made by Cessna in the U.S.,
while Reims (in which
Cessna owns 49) does the
rest in France.
Rockwell, OV-10 Bron
cos. In the "most formid
able" of the four cases, the
report states that four of
these light armed reconnais
sance planes were purchased
by Rhodesia in late 1976
or early 1977-part of an
order Indonesia had
placed under the U.S. mili
tary assistance progra. Ger
vasi says the Los Angeles
Times and the
Stokholm Intrnational
Peace Research Institute
have reported the presence
in Rhodesia of Broncos,
which one handbook des
cribes as "one of the dead
liest and most versatile light
strike and counter-insurgency
aircaraft in the world."
Britten-Norman Islander
Defenders. The report says
Rhodesia acquired two of
these transport and patrol
aircraft in 1975 and 12
more in 1977. They were
produced in Britian and
can 'drop parachutists and
carry 68 mm rockets.
"The new aircraft in
question," the study con
cludes, "have thus reversed
the direction of change in
the military balance which
resulted from the expansion
of the Patriotic Front's
forces inside and outside
RhodesiaZimbabwe in the
last few years."
Because of what he terms
the "overriding military ad
vantage" which Rhodesia's
forces now hold, Gervasi
foresees a military stale
mate lasting several years. .
With guerrillas holding ever
larger areas of the country
side, the Rhodesian are
moving into enclaves which
they can t heavily defend,
Gervasi says, essentially
using their expanded air
power to carry out
damaging raids into guerrilla-controlled
regions and nei
neighborhing states.
At the same time, most
analysts agree that superior
ity in weapons has seldom
been decisive in a pro
tracted guerrilla war.
Rag-Tag Militias
Salisbury's attempt to
undermine African
sympathy for the guerrillas
took on an added dimen
sion after the signing of the
"internal" settlement last
'March;, The accordi between
Prime Minister Smith and
three black political figures
did little or nothing
towards lowing the guerrilla
campaign, but id did lead to
the establishment of "pri
vate armies," that have
joined in the fight against
the Patriotic Front. Two of
the internal settlement
leaders, Bishop Muzorewa
and the Rev. Sithole have
recruited rag-tag militias
tat function as auxiliaries to
the regular army, policing as
many as 30 districts under
their control. Originally
these forces were conceived
of as drawing from the
ranks of guerrillas defec
tors, but correspondents
report that less than 10 of
the militia members are
former Patriotic Front
soldeirs-most as recruited
from the ranks of the un
employed in the crowded
black townships of Salis
bury. The private armies
possess some military value
to the Rhodesian govern
ment insofar as they relieve
the army from the burden
of patroling in certain
zones. Politically, however,
the Sithole nd Muzorewa
militias have proven disas
trous. Black MPs have com
plained that the private
armies are basically instu
ments of political indoc
trination and intimidation
whose aim is to secure
votes for their patrons by
any means necessary. Mem
bers of both Sithole's and
Muzorewa's armies have
been implicated in the
massacre of civilians. And
the Catholic Commission
for Peace and Justice
reports that the " private
armies "terrorize the people
with exorbitant demands
for money, and
assassination threats if these
demands are not met."
The fact that these ill
trained and poorly-disciplined
forces are premitted
to continue their operations
is perhaps a noteworthy
measure of Rhodesia's per
sonnel shortage. As last
fall's guerrillas successes
near Salisbury demonstrate-
"psych war" and
. private armies nothwith-standing-the
regular army
cannot be everywhere at
once. Rhodesia's military
commanders, consequently,
are determined to use their
conventional military super
iority to take the war to
their enemy.
FB0Q THE
WHITE H0U
als are asking for minimum wage for work done while they
are incarcerated. Money is also designeated for programs
that provide vocational training, college education, assert
iveness training for felons, credit unions exclusively for
convicts and psychiatric treatment.
Several witnesses testified that the law enforcement
authorities should regard the problems of victims of crime
with at least the same concern as it gives the human and
civil rights of criminals and those accused of crime.
It was brought out that the greatest victims of crime are
the poor and elderly and especially the inhabitants of
ghettoes. These people have such little finance that they
ly ALFREDA I. BADISON
are not likely to challenge a system that is unresponsive ana
semmingly uncaring about their problems. Many victims
fail to bring their cases to the attention of law enforcement
authorities for fear of not being protected from retaliation
by the criminal or his friends. They also feel that the au
thorities only interest in them is as a witness.
It was reported that victims are often grilled by lawyers
and prosecutors. Especially is this true with rape victims. .
They are often asked highly embarrassing questions in an
open court. Quite often they arc given vaginal
examinations by a doctor in halls of the jails rather than in
a hospital. These victims are traumatized bv police, doctors,
SAT MARCH 31. 1979 THE CAROL tWA TRf S-6
District Attorneys and lodges. As s result, many npe ax
are never reported to authorities. However, in som areas,
through LEAA and other groups these conditions to teisgj ;
improved. The rape victim a met fty 13 UllUt exptatay
trained for such a crime. He takes all initial reports and
transports her to the hospital, where she is met by a coun
selor who stays with her through all questioning and con
tacts with enforcement authority.
Witnesses testified that there are now services to help
victims of crime; but this information must be disseminated
to citizens so they will know of available legal help, coun
seling servcies, financial aid for their losses and just people
who care.
Connie Francis testified concerning the lack of security
supplied by Howard Johnson Motel where she was raped.
The two and a half million dollar suit that she won, fell '
upon the taxpayers, rather than the big motel chain. She
and her lawyer said she was helped by being a celebrity.
Connie said it is not the money that was important in her
case but, .-'that she wanted big hotels and motels made
responsible for the security of their clientele. Both Connie
and her lawyer stated that the hotels and motels should
be required to pay the claims and that legislations should be
adopted that would afford the poor the same opportunity
to sue as she had.
The Block Side of Washington
BY SHERMAN BRISCOE
NNPA
OPINION
-BY RALPH WILLIAMS-
Can Barry Change D.C?
In this last colony of
continental America, we
have a new black
mayor - Marion Barry -a
Mississippi-born, Beale
Street raised civil rights
activist who has pronv
ized some innovations. Can
he, will he deliver?
So far, the Metro buses
are as slow as ever, round-the-clock,
unchanging
traffic light scheduling
(same at 4 a.m. as during
the 4 p jnj rush hour) is still
exaperating motorists, while
rigid traffic ticketing
continues to kill downtown.
Cash-andcarry dope sales are
still wide open, and
prostituttes continue to
conduct their business on
14th Street.
But Mayor Barry is
Minority Confusion Increases
Black Unemployment
There seems to be a bit of confusion among black
leaders as to who are minorities and who are black or
Afro-Americans. In a political sense disenfranchised people
are "the minority. This does not mean that is is a justifica
tion for Afro Americans to identify themselves with
so-called minorities In fact the label minorty is put on some
rather very middleclass and well to do foreigners. It is also
put on some people who have never undergone any political
oprression in this country but they obtain benefits from
being minomered minorities.
For some time an an Afro-American I have experienced
a nauseous feeling when I hear so-called black leaders ad
vocate minority rights. I also objected to this presentation
of the struggle by so-called black leaders to Afro-Amrican
people. Usually thrse so-called leaders mislead their people
because of benefits they themselves want from other ethnic
groups in terms of voting and other spoils of war.
Recently I have conceptualized an objective model for
showing the rediculousness of the average Afro-American
putting time, energy, or money into a political campaign
misnomered minority rights. In economics we use scenarios
to prove whether theories hold up in the real world. Here is
one for Afro-Americans.imagine . there is an employer who
has no employees and whohas;lOavancacies tor very good
and high paying positions. He assumes that all people have
equal abilities to he is willing to have every group represent
ed equally. Now, a leader comes to him from the "White
Boys Ego Reinforcement Association of North America"
and says that he wants his boys to have their representative
share of the jobs. The employer, having his own sense of
integrity, agrees to staff his firm with 25 white boys.
Then a white woman leaders comes to the employer to
pleas for her sister white women. The employer decides
to allow 25 of his staff to represent white women. Then
a person of Latin origin comes to make a similar proposal
to the employer. Again, the employer out of his own sense
of fairness decides to allow another 25 of his staff to
be Latin. The employer has now hired 75 of his staff and
only has 25 or 25 vacancies remaining to be filled. In
comes Vernon Jordan who says that he wants jobs for
minorities. The employer is confused because he thought
Vernon Jordan was either black or Afro-American, but not
a minority. The employer realizes that blacks don't need to
be called minority for whites to realize that blacks were
enslaved and oppressed. He does not know why this leader
speaks for minority rights. In the employer's confusion, he
gives in to Jordan's plea that these 25 jobs go to minorities.
The employer means well so he divides the 25 jobs
among blacks, women, and Latins with a few foreigners
of European origin. Consequently, blacks, white women,
and Latins get 8 jobs each of the remaining 25 jobs with the
extra job going to the European. If we multiply this situa
tion by the many situations across the country we see that
the minority struggle actually creates more inequality for
blacks than racism. With racism Blacks got a small share,
but with the minority struggle blacks have to divide that
small share.
Note that blacks are the only ones calling for minority
rights. These other groups speak up for themselves. In this
model the employer has his own sense of fairness, but
imagine all the cases in which the employer is looking for
an opportunity to circumvent fairness. This model can by
understood by anyone who can add, and divide 100 by 4.
Congress Urged To Reject End
Of Rhodesian Sanctions
providing housing with dig
nity for the street
people, moving to make the
Human Resources
Department manageable,
and improving his adminis
tration by cleaning out
corners that are long over
due. Give him a little time,
and I believe hell make
the difference for Wash
ington's 700,000 mostly
black citizens.
Chisholm Passed Over
Capital news people are
asking why the Congres
sional Black Caucus passed
over Congresswomen Shir
ley Chisholm of New York
for the chair after her ex
cellent serve as vice
chairperson? The official explanation
seems to be that it was
time for Illinois to be
represented in the chair, and
so the post went to able
Rep. Cardiss Collins.
Rep. Charles Rangel,
sources said, had reprsented
New York only two chair
manshipsago. '
Unofficially, some are
saying the Caucus passed
over Shirley because she
jumped the gun in 1972 and
ran for the Democratic
Presidential nomination
after it had been agreed
that . ' the Caucus would
.select the candidate and
control the garnered votes
at the convention. ' I
thought it was the eiepnant
that had the long memory,
not the donkey. :
Ag Still on Tail End
By any measure, agricul
ture owes Black Americans
more than any other career
field. We carried it on
ragged, sweaty backs as
slaves and sharecropppers
for more than 300 years, or
until chemistry took the
hoe away, and the mechan
ical harvester made jobless
our cotton-picking hands,
and sent us to the welfare
rolls of the city ghetto. :
Yet despite our
enormous contribution
to American agricutlure,
when the UJS. Department ol
Agriculture has had a de
cent job to offer, we have
been largely passed over.
Even in the Carter Admin
istration, Agriculture is
last in the employment of
blacks in positions in the
$50,000 range.
The Joint Center for
Political Studies has
developed a list of nearly
200 blacks in the $50,000-a-year
category. Agricul
ture has only one - Dr.
Joan Wallace, Assistant
Secretary for Administra
tion. Commerce has 15;
HEW, 15; HUD, 15, with
last week's addition of
Sterling Tucker as
Assistant Secretary for Fair
Housing.
Last week, at a Parenting Conference, the main idea of
the conference dearth with "black families and how they
are failing to aid and comfort black children." The con
ference participants implied that "black children" can
only be saved if trained psychologists and guidance per
sonnel who live outside the black community began to
provide their expertise to the black family.
Before we throw up our hands and turn over our
children to outsiders, we must begin to understand that
the black family is basis of all African nations and the
understanding of the family's role is essential to unity.
Persons outside our community are not concerned
with unifying the family, for they are outsiders whose
main concern is dehumanizing the black family, keeping
black women and black men separate - thereby
(guaranteeing broken homes. Understanding this, we must
always be cognizant of the fact that "the destruction of
any nation begins in the homes of its people."
Black teachers, black parents and black guidance
personnel are community people who have and will con
tinue to stress the black family, its unity and development.
With this commitment of saving the black family our
priority, we will and can begin to create a new life and a
new world for black children.
WHAT THEN IS A PARENTING CONFERENCE? To
black folks, a Parenting Conference, in its simplest terms,
means (1) strengthen the relationship between the parent
and the teacher; (2) exchange information on good things
as well as problems; (3) for black parents and black teachers
it is the time for them to pool their thinking on how to
help the child develop his best and overcome any problems;
and (4) to give parents an opportunity to ask questions
and share concerns with the teacher. Above all, the black
parent and the black teacher should develop a relation
ship that would allow for a free and frank exchange with
both cooperating to help the black child achieve the best.
State has 13; Labor and
Transportation, 10 each;
Defense, 7; Interior and
Treasury, 6 each;
Justice, 4; and Energy, 3.
and these are just the
Cabinet level agencies. Out
side the Cabinet, a dozen
independent agencies can
count more than 50 in the
$50,000 range. But
again, Agriculture has only
ONE.
Don't swallow whole
everything you read or hear.
CHEW it awhile.
i.ii
f
WASHINGTON - The
United States Catholic Con
ference has urged Congress
to reject efforts to end U.S. '
support of United Nations
economic sancions against
Rhodesia.
Father J. Bryan Hehir,
USCC Assoicate Secretary
for international Justice
and Peace, said such efforts
are "unwise and destructive
of the role of the United
States not only in southern
African but throughout the
continent."
Father Hehir made his
comments in a letter to
Sen. Frank Church, Chair
man of the Senate Foreign
relations Committee. The
committee is expected to
vote shortly on a resolu
tion to end the. sanctions
ten days after Rhodesian
elections scheduled April
20.
The elections stem from
an "internal settlement" be
tween Prime Minister Ian
Smith and three moderate
black leaders.
Fathr Hehir said the
USCC has supported full
enforcement of the United
Nations sanctions against
Rhodesia because of "the
illegal and racist character
of the Smith regime, and in
support of the international
consensus, expressed in the
sanctions, that the regime
should be isolated until
fundamental political and
legal changes would occur."
Since 1968, when the
sanctions were first enacted,
the U.S. Congress has twice
supported them, withdrawn
its support once-in 1971,
and almost withdrawn it a
second time - last year,
after the internal settle
ment. Instead in 1974, it
adopted a compromise
which said the President
could repeal the sanctions
if he determined that there
had been a call for free
elections. "
"It is argued that a fund
Continued on page ,2;
STATEMENT OF CONDITION
NORTH CAROLINA MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
I am pleased to report to our policyowners that our company made
substantial progress during the past year in spite of the persistent prob
lems of unemployment and inflation affecting both our policyowners
and operations.
As a result of our operations in 1978, the company's growth curve
continues on its upward climb, a growth pattern vividly reflected in the
comparative statistics of the last ten years:
Our assets at the end of 1978 were $168 million, compared to $98
million at the end of 1968, a 171 increase.
Income in 1978 was $62.5 million; income during 1968 was $25
million, a 252 increase.
Payments to policyholders in 1978 amounted to $35 million, com
pared to nearly $10 million in 1968, a 354 increase. Payments
to policyholders sine the company's organization rose to $352
million by the end of 1978, a nearly 240 increase over 1968.
NCM's insurance in force stood at $4.2 billion at the end of 1978,
compared to $483 million at the end of 1968. an 876 increase.
It is fitting that we report this growth at the end of 1978 and the
observance of the eightieth anniversary of North Carolina Mutual's
founding. As we move into our 81st year, we fully expect 1979 to be
another banner growth year as we continue to adhere to the principles
and the foundations laid down by our company's founders and builders.
President
DECEMBER 31. 1978
Prepared from the Annual Statement filed with the NORTH CAROLINA State Insurance Department
ASSETS
Cm
. $ 1,111,111
U. I., Cuu m
RaHrats.
hriJlkUWttr. U. 8. mi
A i.m.ni
. 1.111,517
. 1.MI.MI
3l.Mf.tZS .
Merintl mi MrttallaMOM 36.4M.2el N.M3.4W
.1 1.1M.IM
. Z.SM.KU 3,7M,HI
LIABILITIES
StaMMT Mlc Reserves S11S.14S.Ml
NHq CM UeeWtles..... 1I.TM.3M
OMe'Hfce. Pstltrs sr. 4.37.2S
OfctoNfcfllaMIIUM
Mutt!, RMte, Mi PrtwhMi Mi to
Atom ."
Tint Ml AllBlf EafMM 1.M.II7
EaitmlteRmnM. .
MaaaMwy Sscarttf VaeutiM Rsssrie) 1.443.411
4.333.S37
141123
.Sn.tS7.IN
. 1.151.441 31,211.531
RmI Ettaki
PraftrtrM tor Csmaiay Um.. S I.CI.5M
OfttrrnMrttM SN.S31 I.H6.4M
total UAiama s1a.5n.511
COtmNGEHCY RESERVE
AM) SURPLUS
NUcy
.... 3.134.3(9
.... 1.M7.MI
.... 14,115.233
4H.S21
17.157
TOTAL ASSETS S7.f7,21
PrMrivnn to Cesrss ff CtltocttM..
Cm VttasPsllclH M Offlcm ..
Otter Assets
S I.7S3.IM
. 2.5M.MI
. 1I.NS.NS 1IJt3.CN
TOTAL UAIHJTKS ANO
SURPLUS ..., S1s7.N7.M1
W.XIUflMdy III
President
BOARD OF
DIRECTORS
JOSEPH W. GOODLOE
Chairman of the Board
Durham, North Carolina
W.J. KENNEDY III
President
& Chief Executive Officer
Durham, North Carolina
N. H. BENNETT JR.
Durham, North Carolina
W. A. CLEMENT. CLU
Durham. North Carolina
BERT COLLINS
Vice President-Controller
Durham, North Carolina
HENRY E. FRYE
Greensboro. North Carolina
MRS. LOUISE LAWSON
Chicago, Illinois
MACEO A. SLOAN. CLU
Executive Vice President
Durham. North Carolina
C. C.SPAULDING JR.
Durham, North Carolina
C. D. WATTS, M.D.
Sr. Vice President
& Medical Director
Durham, North Carolina
HONORARY
W.J. KENNEDY JR.
Durham, North Carolina
ALFRED M. PELHAM
Detroit, Michigan
ASA T. SPAULDING
Durham, North Carolina
A. E. SPEARS
Charlotte, North Carolina
MRS. V. G. TURNER
Durham, North Carolina
A. W.WILLIAMS
Chicago, Illinois 11
v.