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: By Verr.6n Jordch
EXECUTIVE DIXECTOR
NATIONAL URBAN
LEAGUE
(. -fT - j
If we u a nation wanted to give all our
young people the skills training and job ex
periences they need, we would do so. , . . .
- Lfct's loolf at some of the supposed causes
of youth unemployment. , One is that the
economy isn't creating enough jobs for all.
That's true.1
But it is creating enough jobs to provide,
work for many.! And blacks lag in getting
that! work -) with black youth at the end of
the line.: 1 ' ,; -'-"-v v.-
Another Supposed cause is the minimum
wage. I reject that absolutely. After the last .
hike; in the, minimum wage white youth
Unemployment declned while black rates
wenfj up If the proponents of the minimum
wage arguement are right one would expect
rates for both races to rise. .They didn't
which suggests that race is a bigger factor
than; the level of the minimum wage.
' The minimum wage argument is not really
concerned With black youth; it is part of a
general effort to restrain the gains of labor.
Afplit-level! minimum wage would be the
breach in the wall of protective legislation .
that surrounds working conditions. I'm op
posed to driylng holes m that wall, v :
Another cause is the attitudes found
amoijg young people, today. It is hard to
make a clear distinction between the negative
attitudes of some and the experiences in the
workplace that reinforce those attitudes.
- The behavior patterns that pay - off ,, in
status on the street are the opposite of those
that pay off in the work setting. The schools
have failed to assist those kids in making the
transition, and, employers often don't want
If the need for labor were to expand, we
would find that many of the attitudes
employers And objectable would no longer
constitute an excuse to avoid hiring people.
We would find instead, that employers
would make greater efforts to train youth, to
overcome their suspicions and hostility, to
Erovide the services alienated youth need to
reak through their protective armor, and to
treat those young people with respect and
dignity. - ,'
The remedy for youth joblessness is sim
, pie: create jobs in the public and private sec
tors. I favor a national full employment policy
that guarantees jobs for all who want to
.work. Every young person should have ac
cess to educational, skill training, or work
experiences as a matter of right.
I also back a voluntary National Youth
Service that emphasizes recruitment of
disadvantaged . youth. The Service would
grant volunteers paid educational, skill and
work habit training and experiences that
would enable them, to compete in the
economy. -. "
There is a need too; for a Federal Youth
Commission . that would coordinate all
federal programs that impact on youth and
provide leadership in changing educational
and other institutions to better serve disad
vantaged young people. '
And both government and private in
dustry have to practice affirmative action.
, Affirmative action today has weathered the
threat of Wetey but it is often diluted
through inclusion of all women and all
minorities.
Opportunities have to be concentrated on
those who have the least, and tfet means the
black minority in general and black youth in
particular..
Finally, there must be maximum par
ticipation of black community based groups
in all aspects of public and private youth
programs and employment efforts. Any ap-
S roach that ignores the institutions of the
lack community itself, is doomed to
failure. Indeed, it is programmed for failure.
SPECTACLES: A Closer Look
. Via . .' ' ',r t .
Political Leadership For
The 80'$: B,AuM.Fwi.t
Amorican Foreign Policy With Black
Emphasis
By Lance Jeff ers
; The New Hampshire primary will
soon be upon us, so we're off and run
ning in the Presidential race. Thus far,
we have 'rehashed' politicians trying to
prove to Americans that they ought to
be President. But before we give in, we
reaily ought to look at what this race
means. ''
Whoever is elected will set the tone -not
just for his tenure but also for the
decade of the 80's. Truman, Kennedy,
and Nixon all were the trend setters for
their decade.- Gerald Ford and James
Ei Carter will always follow in the
shadow of Nixon for the 70'i and
whoever is elected now will be our man
for the 80s. v- v i -, .
There are some issues which black
people ought to be standing up and
demanding to be heard on. First and
foremost should be the civil rights con-
cerns of black Americans. Whenever
our needs have been demonstrated, the
"Hippie;, Movement." "Women's
Lib," energy or other concerns surface
to take away our s thunder. George
, Orwell's 1984 addresses the issue of
suppression of human rights and civil
liberties; Already there are suits of
"reverse discrimination," the. Supreme
Court has taken a more conservative
"bend barring the press from trials
taking the right to subpoena, jour
nalist's notes, upholding wire tapping,
etc.; the expansion of powers for the
CIA and FBI in domestic surveillance
through a new charter; the use of social
security numbers as a means of iden
tification on checks, licenses, insurance
policies, etc.; and the shift in thinking
to "me" rather than we as a nation.
These trends support Orwell's 1984
thesis. Black people should be militant
and demanding to know each politi
cian's position on civil rights, busing,
social assistance (medicaid),
unemployment, housing : and educa
tion. Each of these will be critical to
our survival. much more than we
currently appreciate.
We must also decide what type of
leadership the 80s need. We , don't
need promises of all things to all people
for we have neither the money nor
resources to do that We do need
reforms in taxation so that the burden
is equally shared. There should be no
exemptions for the rich or businesses
beyond those allowed the average tax
payer. Everyone who works, regardless
of income, ought to pay taxes. A ten
per cent tax on all salaries with no ex
emptions would be better than the con
stant loopholes now allowed. A fifteen
: per cent tax on business profits before
. divestiture, with no exceptions, could
also serve the monetary drain the
system has. If these types of measures
were inacted, no one would need an ac
countant to explain the loopholes, the
government would have an adequate ;
budget from which to operate, and the
burden of taxation would be equally
'shared. , ; ', s. , .
We need a fresh approach to the
Department of Energy. A blend of
conservation, the wise use of natural 1
resources, the development of alter
native energy sources, and controls on
the distribution and cost of oil, coal,
natural gas, and nuclear power all
energy stores and products with legisla
tion to prevent monopoly control of:
them while maintaining standards of
safety. We heed to divorce that depart
ment from military ideology with its
head coming from engineering, science
or business rather than from the armed
services. Solar energy which is safe
(arid can be inexpensive) should be a
priority and huclear energy put on in
definite hold. H.U.D. should be en
couraged to set standards for housing
for all Americans with the power of
law and be vigorous in attempts to
remove discriminatory barriers. Rapid .
transit systems must be available to
rural and urban- people while being 1 i
economic and on-time. Rural , i
America must have developmental In
centives to prevent the vast cultural , .
stagnation which can develop there.
The Department of Health. Education
and Welfare (HEW) should work with
professional health groups and con
sumers to develop a National Health
Care Incentive which will make quality
health care available to all within a
frame which is affordable. Education ,
must be a national priority and the '
trend in subsidizing' private and
religious schools stopped. If the
schools do nofjiave an open enroll
ment policy witH reflection of this:
among its student body, no federal
funds should be given it. Black colleges
must survive with the assurance of ade-
Suate funding and staffing for its stu
ent bodies, the "Welfare" system
must be reformed to provide new pro
grams for the aged, more compas
sionate assistance for the disabled, and
protections " for our children. The
Department of Defense should make
accountable to the public what it needs
for our National Security but in so do
ing, detail what it will cost without .
covering the truth. The V.A. System
needs to be overhauled to spell out to
veterans what their benefits are and.
alternate sources of assistance they
may use.
A "one-man show" such as Kiss
inger ran as Secretary of State must not
be allowed. Congress and the Senate
nfust maintain a checks and balances
system on our involvements and com
mitments beyond the home front.
Commerce can keep on trucking but
must investigate and control interstate
. shipments of goods and merchandise.
The Chief-of-Staff position ought to
be eliminated and the Vice President
used as. the second, person in-charge.
Finally, if, we are to be a true
democracy, we should press hard to
have the President elected on the
popular vote and not that of the Elec-
toral College.: :-v--:ysu;:?r-
For those who've' made it through
this portion of the article, I hope you V
can see that the politics of the 80's will
be crucial to the very fabric of our lives
and will significantly affect our future
welfare. There are issues out here that
need to be addressed and it's about
time we got off our behinds and stood
. up to be counted. For all of those with
fantasies v about dealing with ''the ,
man',', now is your time. Go register to
vote and stand up to be counted. Let
America hear our needs. Sing out loud,"
sing out strong; and never again let our v
apathy reach past heights. (This is the1 '
' first of a two part column. Next the
theme will be: No' to all contenders
including Kennedy.) , , ,
Joseph toweryV and Jesse Jackson's
voyage into foreign, policy began , with
Macolm Xs trip to Africa fourteen or more
years ago: he was, Malcolm said implicitly,
representing black America. Later, Martin
Cuther ' Kimj publicly damned the war in
Vietnam, stating that his previous silence on
that war bid been a betrayal, Then one of
his lieutenants, Andrew Young, outspokenly
conducted frdm the United Nations what
was essentially an American foreign policy :
from the sensibility of a strong,1 thoughtful, '
and'sensitiye black man. His advanced sen- . ,
sibiiity led tb hi? removal as Ambassador to
the j UN, but hi ? removal - led ; tA ' the
phenbtnenwof Lbwery and laeksbh as1arw
chitects Qf a; ne. Middle East foreign policy. --
Jacksori and Lowery are attempting to
rearrange thjs hostile situation betweenlsrael
and -the Palestine Liberation Organization,
attempting to change an American policy
which is ob iously not in the national in
terests of the; United States, trying to inspire
in Israel and the PLO a kind of treaty
wisdom; Jackson and Lowery are unofficial
ly conducting or attempting to unofficially
conduct an merican foreign policy with kn
AfrorAmerican emphasis. Thi Is good, for
it gives blacks the distinction of not follow
ing docilely behind the zigs and zags of .
American foreign policy; the distinction of
creating vis-a-vis the Third World a unique
foreign policy. We are a people of thirty-plus
million, and the various black leaders who
have forayed into foreign policy have given
us a stature and ; independence that t we j
deserve, for the foreign policy these leaders ,
have advocated has been humanist and ,
, peace-loving.; Moreover, this movement into
; foreign policy reflects our relatively new and i
most wholesome self-concept; we are coming
to think of ourselves as citizens of the world
with the right and wjth the responsibility to.
?cliarthe,wbrta,"J--f: -
The barbarous situation - tor-the Middle
East desperately needs changing, and the
United States government, massively power
ful as it is, lacks the moral strength to correct
it,-though. .could easily do so. Israel, which
has diplomatic relations with. South Africa
and which ' has supported Nicaragua's
Somoza, created itself from the displace
ment of Palestinians (who, the Rev. Wyatt
T. Walker says, are the "niggers of the Mid- ,
die East.") The present premier of Israel,
Menachem Begin, played, as the leader some
three decades ago of the right-wing terrorist
organization, Irgun; a leading role in Palesti
nian displacement. But Israel exists, and its
permanent existence must be recognized; this
is reality.. The Palestinians, however, from
understandable bitterness, refuse to
recognize : this truth,, There is therefore
Palestinian terrorism, and, in return, Israeli
terrorism in the bombing of Palestinians.
There must be compromise; there must be a
recognition of reality in both sides, in order
that peace may ensue. But, like a husband
and wife bent on self-destructive divorce,
; both' sides refuse to give up.
' It is to the credit of Joseph Lowery and
Jesse Jackson, representing black consti-
fuencies " (representingr that is, us; but
representing white America too), .that they
have taken the initiative to attempt to stop
the flow of blood in the Middle East and to
attempt to bring about a healing.
Premier Begin's churlish refusal to receive
Jacksort (The Israeli Socialist Party received
him) may be the key signal that Lowery and
Jackson may indeed achieve what they have
set out to achieve: conciliation and peace in
the Middle East which must, willy-nilly, in
evitably come to pass. '
Army Rosorvo Training Program Teaches Skills
That Rodiico Unomploymont, Says Army Official
, "Minority Americans are finding enlist
ment in the Amry Reserve provides valuable :
educational and occupational training which
can often be utilized in both civilian and ;
military life," says General Benjamin '
Watkins, Civilian Aide to the Secretary of
the Army. V-. . w vf-.- ;i;l4';,''!?
Continuing, he pointes out that the U.S.
Arrny Reserve teaches hundreds of occupa
tional skills, of which the majority have
direct civilian application. Educationally, he
adds, army! schools are ranked among the
finest in America. .
Rfcserve ISkill Training in such high
demand occupations as airplane and auto
mechanics, data processing, lab and medical
technician service, are just a few of the ex
citing and Well paying career skills taught by
the, Army Reserve,; says General Watkins,
who, works Idirectly under Army Secretary
Clifford Alexander.
Not only is the Reserve recruit allowed to
choose a specific, area : of training, but
receives full Army pay while in training. Ad
ditohally, there is the opportunity to earn
points toward retirement pay low cost Ser
viceman's Group Life Insurance, (S2Q.00O
for 6nly a S3 monthly premium) and host of
other fringe' benefits, the Civilian Assistant
explains, j -
Initial military training consists of eight
weeks of Basic Training. Advanced In-,
dividual Training varies with the occupation
chosen, butt usually does not exceed more
than; two months. Upon completion of initial
military training, Reservist returns to local
unit to attend monthly drills of sixteen hours
per month usually on weekends, plus two
weekfs of annual training. Pay is received for
all training sessions, Watkins savs. "
Army Reserve Training is an effecitvie
logical ' approach ; In aiding minority
Americans to develop needed occupational
skills to compete in today's competitive
marketplace, he points out.
Details on the Reserve Program are
available through local Army Recruiters, the
General says. Reserve centers are listed in
local telephone "White Pages under "U.S.
Government;" 'Army recruiting station
telephone' numbers can be found in the
"Yellow Pages" under " Recruiting." In
terested applicants can also get more details
on the program ty contacting the operators
of a toll-free number: (800) 431-1234.
33rd Degree Masons To Hold 92rd Session '
Of United Supreme Council in Washington
WASHINGTON (NNPA) - The 93rd
Annual Session of the United Supreme
Council, 33rd Degree, Ancient and Accepted
Scottish rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall
Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction, will be
held here October 6-9, at the Sheraton Park
Hotel, Dr. I.H. Clay born, lieutenant grand
commander announced this week.
Dr, Clayborn, who has been acting as
Sovereign Grand Commander since the
death of Dr. John G. Lewis, Jr., in April,
will preside over the convocation of 33rd
degree Prince Hall Masons. He is Grand
Master of Texas.
Highlighting the Calendar of Events of
public interest are the Divine Service on Sun
day Evening, and the annual class banquet
on Monday evening, Both events will be held
at the Sheraton Ballroom.
A banquet feature will be the presentation
of those Masons who were elevated to the
33rd degree. More than 200 are expected to
receive the terminal and highest degree dur
ing the afternoon session on Monday.
Also, Dr. Clayton will present the follow
ing awards: The Deputy of the Year, the
Distinguished Service and the Gold Medal
Achievement. The latter is the highest award
presented to a Prince Hall Scottish Rite
Mason.
The Annual Meeting of the Charitable
Foundation, Inc.of the United Supreme
Council, A.A.S.R., will meet on Saturday
morning, October 6. Henry A. Dove of
Washington is president and will preside.
(USPS 091-380)
L.E. AUSTIN
Editor-Publisher 1927-1971
Americans started to use alp eqdis on letters and ptekeses In 1?83, ZIP standi for Zona
Improvement Plan.
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freedojn and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plow. ;
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the oceans majestic waves without the awful roar of Its waters."
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